<!DOCTYPE html><htmllang="en"><head><metacharset="utf-8"><metaname="viewport"content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><metaname="generator"content="rustdoc"><metaname="description"content="Builder for the `Bearer` challenge."><title>BearerBuilder in actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer - Rust</title><linkrel="preload"as="font"type="font/woff2"crossoriginhref="../../../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><linkrel="preload"as="font"type="font/woff2"crossoriginhref="../../../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><linkrel="preload"as="font"type="font/woff2"crossoriginhref="../../../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><linkrel="preload"as="font"type="font/woff2"crossoriginhref="../../../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><linkrel="preload"as="font"type="font/woff2"crossoriginhref="../../../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><linkrel="stylesheet"href="../../../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><linkrel="stylesheet"href="../../../../static.files/rustdoc-9ee3a5e31a2afa3e.css"><metaname="rustdoc-vars"data-root-path="../../../../"data-static-root-path="../../../../static.files/"data-current-crate="actix_web_httpauth"data-themes=""data-resource-suffix=""data-rustdoc-version="1.75.0-nightly (0f44eb32f 2023-11-09)"data-channel="nightly"data-search-js="search-8fbf244ebcf71464.js"data-settings-js="settings-74424d7eec62a23e.js"><scriptsrc="../../../../static.files/storage-fec3eaa3851e447d.js"></script><scriptdefersrc="sidebar-items.js"></script><scriptdefersrc="../../../../static.files/main-9dd44ab47b99a0fb.js"></script><noscript><linkrel="stylesheet"href="../../../../static.files/noscript-5d8b3c7633ad77ba.css"></noscript><linkrel="icon"href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><bodyclass="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><navclass="mobile-topbar"><buttonclass="sidebar-menu-toggle">☰</button><aclass="logo-container"href="../../../../actix_web_httpauth/index.html"><imgsrc="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png"alt=""></a></nav><navclass="sidebar"><divclass="sidebar-crate"><aclass="logo-container"href="../../../../actix_web_httpauth/index.html"><imgsrc="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png"alt="logo"></a><h2><ahref="../../../../actix_web_httpauth/index.html">actix_web_httpauth</a><spanclass="version">0.8.1</span></h2></div><h2class="location"><ahref="#">BearerBuilder</a></h2><divclass="sidebar-elems"><section><h3><ahref="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><ulclass="block method"><li><ahref="#method.error">error</a></li><li><ahref="#method.error_description">error_description</a></li><li><ahref="#method.error_uri">error_uri</a></li><li><ahref="#method.finish">finish</a></li><li><ahref="#method.realm">realm</a></li><li><ahref="#method.scope">scope</a></li></ul><h3><ahref="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><ulclass="block trait-implementation"><li><ahref="#impl-Debug-for-BearerBuilder">Debug</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Default-for-BearerBuilder">Default</a></li></ul><h3><ahref="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><ulclass="block synthetic-implementation"><li><ahref="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-BearerBuilder">RefUnwindSafe</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Send-for-BearerBuilder">Send</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Sync-for-BearerBuilder">Sync</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Unpin-for-BearerBuilder">Unpin</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-BearerBuilder">UnwindSafe</a></li></ul><h3><ahref="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><ulclass="block blanket-implementation"><li><ahref="#impl-Any-for-T">Any</a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T">Borrow<T></a></li><li><ahref="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T">BorrowMut<T></a></li><li><ahref="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T">From<T></a></li><li><ahref="#impl-Instrument-for
<p>It is up to implementor to fill all required fields, neither this <code>Builder</code> nor <ahref="struct.Bearer.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::Bearer"><code>Bearer</code></a>
T: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/enum.Cow.html"title="enum alloc::borrow::Cow">Cow</a><'static, <aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>>>,</span></h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>scope</code> attribute, as defined in <ahref="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6749#section-3.3">RFC 6749 §3.3</a>.</p>
T: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/enum.Cow.html"title="enum alloc::borrow::Cow">Cow</a><'static, <aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>>>,</span></h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>realm</code> attribute, as defined in <ahref="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2617">RFC 2617</a>.</p>
</div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.error"class="method"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#38-41">source</a><h4class="code-header">pub fn <ahref="#method.error"class="fn">error</a>(self, value: <aclass="enum"href="../../../extractors/bearer/enum.Error.html"title="enum actix_web_httpauth::extractors::bearer::Error">Error</a>) -> Self</h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>error</code> attribute, as defined in [RFC 6750, Section 3.1].</p>
T: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/enum.Cow.html"title="enum alloc::borrow::Cow">Cow</a><'static, <aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>>>,</span></h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>error_description</code> attribute, as defined in [RFC 6750, Section 3].</p>
T: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><<aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/borrow/enum.Cow.html"title="enum alloc::borrow::Cow">Cow</a><'static, <aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>>>,</span></h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Provides the <code>error_uri</code> attribute, as defined in [RFC 6750 §3].</p>
</div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.finish"class="method"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#68-70">source</a><h4class="code-header">pub fn <ahref="#method.finish"class="fn">finish</a>(self) -><aclass="struct"href="struct.Bearer.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::Bearer">Bearer</a></h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Consumes the builder and returns built <code>Bearer</code> instance.</p>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2id="trait-implementations"class="small-section-header">Trait Implementations<ahref="#trait-implementations"class="anchor">§</a></h2><divid="trait-implementations-list"><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="impl-Debug-for-BearerBuilder"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#9">source</a><ahref="#impl-Debug-for-BearerBuilder"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html"title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <aclass="struct"href="struct.BearerBuilder.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::BearerBuilder">BearerBuilder</a></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.fmt"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#9">source</a><ahref="#method.fmt"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt"class="fn">fmt</a>(&self, f: &mut <aclass="struct"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html"title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a><'_>) -><aclass="type"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/type.Result.html"title="type core::fmt::Result">Result</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="impl-Default-for-BearerBuilder"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#9">source</a><ahref="#impl-Default-for-BearerBuilder"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html"title="trait core::default::Default">Default</a> for <aclass="struct"href="struct.BearerBuilder.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::BearerBuilder">BearerBuilder</a></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.default"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="../../../../src/actix_web_httpauth/headers/www_authenticate/challenge/bearer/builder.rs.html#9">source</a><ahref="#method.default"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default"class="fn">default</a>() -><aclass="struct"href="struct.BearerBuilder.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::BearerBuilder">BearerBuilder</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Returns the “default value” for a type. <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/default/trait.Default.html#tymethod.default">Read more</a></div></details></div></details></div><h2id="synthetic-implementations"class="small-section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<ahref="#synthetic-implementations"class="anchor">§</a></h2><divid="synthetic-implementations-list"><sectionid="impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-BearerBuilder"class="impl"><ahref="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-BearerBuilder"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html"title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <aclass="struct"href="struct.BearerBuilder.html"title="struct actix_web_httpauth::headers::www_authenticate::bearer::BearerBuilder">BearerBuilder</a></h3></section><sectionid="impl-Send-for-BearerBuilder"class="i
T: 'static + ?<aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html"title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</span></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.type_id"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#136">source</a><ahref="#method.type_id"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id"class="fn">type_id</a>(&self) -><aclass="struct"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/struct.TypeId.html"title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#208">source</a><ahref="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<T><aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html"title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a><T> for T<spanclass="where fmt-newline">where
T: ?<aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html"title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</span></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.borrow"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#210">source</a><ahref="#method.borrow"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow"class="fn">borrow</a>(&self) -><aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&T</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#216">source</a><ahref="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<T><aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html"title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a><T> for T<spanclass="where fmt-newline">where
T: ?<aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html"title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</span></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.borrow_mut"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#217">source</a><ahref="#method.borrow_mut"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut"class="fn">borrow_mut</a>(&mut self) -><aclass="primitive"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut T</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#763">source</a><ahref="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<T><aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html"title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for T</h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.from"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#766">source</a><ahref="#method.from"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from"class="fn">from</a>(t: T) -> T</h4></section></summary><divclass="docblock"><p>Returns the argument unchanged.</p>
</div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-Instrument-for-T"class="impl"><ahref="#impl-Instrument-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<T> Instrument for T</h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.instrument"class="method trait-impl"><ahref="#method.instrument"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <aclass="fn">instrument</a>(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Instruments this type with the provided [<code>Span</code>], returning an
<code>Instrumented</code> wrapper. <a>Read more</a></div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.in_current_span"class="method trait-impl"><ahref="#method.in_current_span"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <aclass="fn">in_current_span</a>(self) -> Instrumented<Self></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Instruments this type with the <ahref="super::Span::current()">current</a><ahref="crate::Span"><code>Span</code></a>, returning an
<code><ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html"title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for U</code> chooses to do.</p>
U: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><T>,</span></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle"open><summary><sectionid="associatedtype.Error"class="associatedtype trait-impl"><ahref="#associatedtype.Error"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">type <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error"class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html"title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.try_from"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#810">source</a><ahref="#method.try_from"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from"class="fn">try_from</a>(value: U) -><aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html"title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, <T as <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html"title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U>>::<aclass="associatedtype"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error"title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T"class="impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#788-790">source</a><ahref="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<T, U><aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html"title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a><U> for T<spanclass="where fmt-newline">where
U: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html"title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>,</span></h3></section></summary><divclass="impl-items"><detailsclass="toggle"open><summary><sectionid="associatedtype.Error-1"class="associatedtype trait-impl"><ahref="#associatedtype.Error-1"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">type <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error"class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <U as <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html"title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<aclass="associatedtype"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error"title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.try_into"class="method trait-impl"><aclass="src rightside"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#795">source</a><ahref="#method.try_into"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <ahref="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into"class="fn">try_into</a>(self) -><aclass="enum"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html"title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><U, <U as <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html"title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<aclass="associatedtype"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error"title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><detailsclass="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><sectionid="impl-VZip%3CV%3E-for-T"class="impl"><ahref="#impl-VZip%3CV%3E-for-T"class="anchor">§</a><h3class="code-header">impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T<spanclass="where fmt-newline">where
S: <aclass="trait"href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html"title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><Dispatch>,</span></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Attaches the provided <ahref="super::Subscriber"><code>Subscriber</code></a> to this type, returning a
[<code>WithDispatch</code>] wrapper. <a>Read more</a></div></details><detailsclass="toggle method-toggle"open><summary><sectionid="method.with_current_subscriber"class="method trait-impl"><ahref="#method.with_current_subscriber"class="anchor">§</a><h4class="code-header">fn <aclass="fn">with_current_subscriber</a>(self) -> WithDispatch<Self></h4></section></summary><divclass='docblock'>Attaches the current <ahref="crate::dispatcher#setting-the-default-subscriber">default</a><ahref="super::Subscriber"><code>Subscriber</code></a> to this type, returning a
