diff --git a/src/route.rs b/src/route.rs
index 80fb17d7c..fed4deb56 100644
--- a/src/route.rs
+++ b/src/route.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
@@ -297,12 +296,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
 
 /// `RouteHandler` wrapper. This struct is required because it needs to be
 /// shared for resource level middlewares.
-struct InnerHandler<S>(Rc<UnsafeCell<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>>);
+struct InnerHandler<S>(Rc<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>);
 
 impl<S: 'static> InnerHandler<S> {
     #[inline]
     fn new<H: Handler<S>>(h: H) -> Self {
-        InnerHandler(Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(WrapHandler::new(h)))))
+        InnerHandler(Rc::new(Box::new(WrapHandler::new(h))))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -313,14 +312,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> InnerHandler<S> {
         R: Responder + 'static,
         E: Into<Error> + 'static,
     {
-        InnerHandler(Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(AsyncHandler::new(h)))))
+        InnerHandler(Rc::new(Box::new(AsyncHandler::new(h))))
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
-        // reason: handler is unique per thread, handler get called from sync code only
-        let h = unsafe { &mut *self.0.as_ref().get() };
-        h.handle(req)
+        self.0.handle(req)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/scope.rs b/src/scope.rs
index a56d753b6..c9e7dfb93 100644
--- a/src/scope.rs
+++ b/src/scope.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ use resource::ResourceHandler;
 use router::Resource;
 
 type ScopeResource<S> = Rc<ResourceHandler<S>>;
-type Route<S> = UnsafeCell<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>;
+type Route<S> = Box<RouteHandler<S>>;
 type ScopeResources<S> = Rc<Vec<(Resource, ScopeResource<S>)>>;
 type NestedInfo<S> = (Resource, Route<S>, Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>);
 
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
             state: Rc::clone(&state),
             filters: scope.take_filters(),
         })];
-        let handler = UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(Wrapper { scope, state }));
+        let handler = Box::new(Wrapper { scope, state });
         self.nested
             .push((Resource::prefix("", &path), handler, filters));
 
@@ -184,11 +183,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         let mut scope = f(scope);
 
         let filters = scope.take_filters();
-        self.nested.push((
-            Resource::prefix("", &path),
-            UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(scope)),
-            filters,
-        ));
+        self.nested
+            .push((Resource::prefix("", &path), Box::new(scope), filters));
 
         self
     }
@@ -384,10 +380,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> RouteHandler<S> for Scope<S> {
                 req.set_prefix_len(prefix_len);
                 req.match_info_mut().set_tail(prefix_len);
                 req.match_info_mut().set_url(url);
-
-                let hnd: &mut RouteHandler<_> =
-                    unsafe { (&mut *(handler.get())).as_mut() };
-                return hnd.handle(req);
+                return handler.handle(req);
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/test.rs b/src/test.rs
index 58790f6d4..b7ed4e79d 100644
--- a/src/test.rs
+++ b/src/test.rs
@@ -394,11 +394,11 @@ impl<S: 'static> Iterator for TestApp<S> {
 ///
 /// fn main() {
 ///     let resp = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "text/plain")
-///         .run(index)
+///         .run(&index)
 ///         .unwrap();
 ///     assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 ///
-///     let resp = TestRequest::default().run(index).unwrap();
+///     let resp = TestRequest::default().run(&index).unwrap();
 ///     assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 /// }
 /// ```
diff --git a/src/with.rs b/src/with.rs
index ac220958b..c475ca011 100644
--- a/src/with.rs
+++ b/src/with.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
-use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
@@ -14,18 +13,8 @@ where
     T: FromRequest<S>,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    hnd: Rc<WithHnd<T, S, F, R>>,
+    hnd: Rc<F>,
     cfg: Rc<T::Config>,
-}
-
-pub struct WithHnd<T, S, F, R>
-where
-    F: Fn(T) -> R,
-    T: FromRequest<S>,
-    S: 'static,
-{
-    hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<F>>,
-    _t: PhantomData<T>,
     _s: PhantomData<S>,
 }
 
@@ -38,11 +27,8 @@ where
     pub fn new(f: F, cfg: T::Config) -> Self {
         With {
             cfg: Rc::new(cfg),
-            hnd: Rc::new(WithHnd {
-                hnd: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(f)),
-                _t: PhantomData,
-                _s: PhantomData,
-            }),
+            hnd: Rc::new(f),
+            _s: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -82,7 +68,7 @@ where
     S: 'static,
 {
     started: bool,
-    hnd: Rc<WithHnd<T, S, F, R>>,
+    hnd: Rc<F>,
     cfg: Rc<T::Config>,
     req: HttpRequest<S>,
     fut1: Option<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>>,
@@ -122,28 +108,19 @@ where
             }
         };
 
-        let fut = {
-            // clone handler, inicrease ref counter
-            let h = self.hnd.as_ref().hnd.clone();
-            // Enforce invariants before entering unsafe code.
-            // Only two references could exists With struct owns one, and line above
-            if Rc::weak_count(&h) != 0 || Rc::strong_count(&h) != 2 {
-                panic!("Multiple copies of handler are in use")
-            }
-            let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *h.as_ref().get() };
-            let item = match (*hnd)(item).respond_to(&self.req) {
-                Ok(item) => item.into(),
-                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-            };
-
-            match item.into() {
-                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
-                AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
-                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => fut,
-            }
+        let item = match (*self.hnd)(item).respond_to(&self.req) {
+            Ok(item) => item.into(),
+            Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
         };
-        self.fut2 = Some(fut);
-        self.poll()
+
+        match item.into() {
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => Err(err),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                self.fut2 = Some(fut);
+                self.poll()
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -156,8 +133,9 @@ where
     T: FromRequest<S>,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    hnd: Rc<WithHnd<T, S, F, R>>,
+    hnd: Rc<F>,
     cfg: Rc<T::Config>,
+    _s: PhantomData<S>,
 }
 
 impl<T, S, F, R, I, E> WithAsync<T, S, F, R, I, E>
@@ -172,11 +150,8 @@ where
     pub fn new(f: F, cfg: T::Config) -> Self {
         WithAsync {
             cfg: Rc::new(cfg),
-            hnd: Rc::new(WithHnd {
-                hnd: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(f)),
-                _s: PhantomData,
-                _t: PhantomData,
-            }),
+            hnd: Rc::new(f),
+            _s: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -221,7 +196,7 @@ where
     S: 'static,
 {
     started: bool,
-    hnd: Rc<WithHnd<T, S, F, R>>,
+    hnd: Rc<F>,
     cfg: Rc<T::Config>,
     req: HttpRequest<S>,
     fut1: Option<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>>,
@@ -282,17 +257,7 @@ where
             }
         };
 
-        self.fut2 = {
-            // clone handler, inicrease ref counter
-            let h = self.hnd.as_ref().hnd.clone();
-            // Enforce invariants before entering unsafe code.
-            // Only two references could exists With struct owns one, and line above
-            if Rc::weak_count(&h) != 0 || Rc::strong_count(&h) != 2 {
-                panic!("Multiple copies of handler are in use")
-            }
-            let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *h.as_ref().get() };
-            Some((*hnd)(item))
-        };
+        self.fut2 = Some((*self.hnd)(item));
         self.poll()
     }
 }