diff --git a/MIGRATION.md b/MIGRATION.md
index 675dc61ed..dd3a1b043 100644
--- a/MIGRATION.md
+++ b/MIGRATION.md
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
   replace `fn` with `async fn` to convert sync handler to async
 
+* `TestServer::new()` renamed to `TestServer::start()`
+
 
 ## 1.0.1
 
@@ -41,52 +43,52 @@
 * Extractor configuration. In version 1.0 this is handled with the new `Data` mechanism for both setting and retrieving the configuration
 
   instead of
-    
+
   ```rust
-    
+
   #[derive(Default)]
   struct ExtractorConfig {
      config: String,
   }
-    
+
   impl FromRequest for YourExtractor {
      type Config = ExtractorConfig;
      type Result = Result<YourExtractor, Error>;
-  
+
      fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
          println!("use the config: {:?}", cfg.config);
          ...
      }
   }
-    
+
   App::new().resource("/route_with_config", |r| {
      r.post().with_config(handler_fn, |cfg| {
          cfg.0.config = "test".to_string();
      })
   })
-    
+
   ```
-    
+
   use the HttpRequest to get the configuration like any other `Data` with `req.app_data::<C>()` and set it with the `data()` method on the `resource`
-    
+
   ```rust
   #[derive(Default)]
   struct ExtractorConfig {
      config: String,
   }
-    
+
   impl FromRequest for YourExtractor {
      type Error = Error;
      type Future = Result<Self, Self::Error>;
      type Config = ExtractorConfig;
-    
+
      fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest, payload: &mut Payload) -> Self::Future {
          let cfg = req.app_data::<ExtractorConfig>();
          println!("config data?: {:?}", cfg.unwrap().role);
          ...
      }
   }
-    
+
   App::new().service(
      resource("/route_with_config")
          .data(ExtractorConfig {
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@
          .route(post().to(handler_fn)),
   )
   ```
-  
+
 * Resource registration. 1.0 version uses generalized resource
   registration via `.service()` method.
 
@@ -386,9 +388,9 @@
 
 * `HttpRequest` does not implement `Stream` anymore. If you need to read request payload
   use `HttpMessage::payload()` method.
-  
+
   instead of
-  
+
     ```rust
     fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
          req
@@ -414,8 +416,8 @@
   trait uses `&HttpRequest` instead of `&mut HttpRequest`.
 
 * Removed `Route::with2()` and `Route::with3()` use tuple of extractors instead.
-    
-    instead of 
+
+    instead of
 
     ```rust
     fn index(query: Query<..>, info: Json<MyStruct) -> impl Responder {}
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@
 
 * `Handler::handle()` accepts reference to `HttpRequest<_>` instead of value
 
-* Removed deprecated `HttpServer::threads()`, use 
+* Removed deprecated `HttpServer::threads()`, use
   [HttpServer::workers()](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/server/struct.HttpServer.html#method.workers) instead.
 
 * Renamed `client::ClientConnectorError::Connector` to
@@ -440,7 +442,7 @@
 * `Route::with()` does not return `ExtractorConfig`, to configure
   extractor use `Route::with_config()`
 
-    instead of 
+    instead of
 
     ```rust
     fn main() {
@@ -451,11 +453,11 @@
          });
     }
     ```
-    
-    use 
-    
+
+    use
+
     ```rust
-  
+
     fn main() {
          let app = App::new().resource("/index.html", |r| {
              r.method(http::Method::GET)
@@ -485,12 +487,12 @@
 * `HttpRequest::extensions()` returns read only reference to the request's Extension
   `HttpRequest::extensions_mut()` returns mutable reference.
 
-* Instead of 
+* Instead of
 
    `use actix_web::middleware::{
         CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError, RequestSession,
         Session, SessionBackend, SessionImpl, SessionStorage};`
-                                
+
   use `actix_web::middleware::session`
 
    `use actix_web::middleware::session{CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError,
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 00bb3ec4e..4c0553e38 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -26,16 +26,15 @@ Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
 ## Example
 
 ```rust
-use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, Responder};
+use actix_web::{get, App, HttpServer, Responder};
 
+#[get("/{id}/{name}/index.html")]
 async fn index(info: web::Path<(u32, String)>) -> impl Responder {
     format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.1, info.0)
 }
 
 fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    HttpServer::new(
-        || App::new().service(
-              web::resource("/{id}/{name}/index.html").to(index)))
+    HttpServer::new(|| App::new().service(index))
         .bind("127.0.0.1:8080")?
         .run()
 }
diff --git a/actix-cors/src/lib.rs b/actix-cors/src/lib.rs
index 551e3bb4d..d3607aa8e 100644
--- a/actix-cors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-cors/src/lib.rs
@@ -93,6 +93,10 @@ pub enum CorsError {
 }
 
 impl ResponseError for CorsError {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
+    }
+
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
         HttpResponse::with_body(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, format!("{}", self).into())
     }
diff --git a/actix-files/src/error.rs b/actix-files/src/error.rs
index ca99fa813..49a46e58d 100644
--- a/actix-files/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-files/src/error.rs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ pub enum UriSegmentError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `UriSegmentError`
 impl ResponseError for UriSegmentError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/client/error.rs b/actix-http/src/client/error.rs
index 75f7935f2..ee568e8be 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/client/error.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/client/error.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ use trust_dns_resolver::error::ResolveError;
 use open_ssl::ssl::{Error as SslError, HandshakeError};
 
 use crate::error::{Error, ParseError, ResponseError};
-use crate::http::Error as HttpError;
-use crate::response::Response;
+use crate::http::{Error as HttpError, StatusCode};
 
 /// A set of errors that can occur while connecting to an HTTP host
 #[derive(Debug, Display, From)]
@@ -117,15 +116,14 @@ pub enum SendRequestError {
 
 /// Convert `SendRequestError` to a server `Response`
 impl ResponseError for SendRequestError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match *self {
             SendRequestError::Connect(ConnectError::Timeout) => {
-                Response::GatewayTimeout()
+                StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
             }
-            SendRequestError::Connect(_) => Response::BadGateway(),
-            _ => Response::InternalServerError(),
+            SendRequestError::Connect(_) => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
+            _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
         }
-        .into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/error.rs b/actix-http/src/error.rs
index f1767cf19..587849bde 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/error.rs
@@ -59,16 +59,18 @@ impl Error {
 
 /// Error that can be converted to `Response`
 pub trait ResponseError: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display {
+    /// Response's status code
+    ///
+    /// Internal server error is generated by default.
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+    }
+
     /// Create response for error
     ///
     /// Internal server error is generated by default.
     fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
-    }
-
-    /// Constructs an error response
-    fn render_response(&self) -> Response {
-        let mut resp = self.error_response();
+        let mut resp = Response::new(self.status_code());
         let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
         let _ = write!(Writer(&mut buf), "{}", self);
         resp.headers_mut().insert(
@@ -156,10 +158,10 @@ impl<T: ResponseError + 'static> From<T> for Error {
 
 /// Return `GATEWAY_TIMEOUT` for `TimeoutError`
 impl<E: ResponseError> ResponseError for TimeoutError<E> {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match self {
-            TimeoutError::Service(e) => e.error_response(),
-            TimeoutError::Timeout => Response::new(StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT),
+            TimeoutError::Service(e) => e.status_code(),
+            TimeoutError::Timeout => StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -187,8 +189,8 @@ impl<T: std::fmt::Debug> ResponseError for open_ssl::ssl::HandshakeError<T> {}
 
 /// Return `BAD_REQUEST` for `de::value::Error`
 impl ResponseError for DeError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -197,8 +199,8 @@ impl ResponseError for Canceled {}
 
 /// Return `BAD_REQUEST` for `Utf8Error`
 impl ResponseError for Utf8Error {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -208,26 +210,26 @@ impl ResponseError for HttpError {}
 
 /// Return `InternalServerError` for `io::Error`
 impl ResponseError for io::Error {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match self.kind() {
-            io::ErrorKind::NotFound => Response::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND),
-            io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => Response::new(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN),
-            _ => Response::new(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR),
+            io::ErrorKind::NotFound => StatusCode::NOT_FOUND,
+            io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied => StatusCode::FORBIDDEN,
+            _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// `BadRequest` for `InvalidHeaderValue`
 impl ResponseError for header::InvalidHeaderValue {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
 /// `BadRequest` for `InvalidHeaderValue`
 impl ResponseError for header::InvalidHeaderValueBytes {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -270,8 +272,8 @@ pub enum ParseError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `ParseError`
 impl ResponseError for ParseError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -371,18 +373,18 @@ impl From<Canceled> for PayloadError {
 /// - `Overflow` returns `PayloadTooLarge`
 /// - Other errors returns `BadRequest`
 impl ResponseError for PayloadError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match *self {
-            PayloadError::Overflow => Response::new(StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE),
-            _ => Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST),
+            PayloadError::Overflow => StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE,
+            _ => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `cookie::ParseError`
 impl ResponseError for crate::cookie::ParseError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -446,8 +448,8 @@ pub enum ContentTypeError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `ContentTypeError`
 impl ResponseError for ContentTypeError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -517,6 +519,19 @@ impl<T> ResponseError for InternalError<T>
 where
     T: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        match self.status {
+            InternalErrorType::Status(st) => st,
+            InternalErrorType::Response(ref resp) => {
+                if let Some(resp) = resp.borrow().as_ref() {
+                    resp.head().status
+                } else {
+                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
         match self.status {
             InternalErrorType::Status(st) => {
@@ -538,11 +553,6 @@ where
             }
         }
     }
-
-    /// Constructs an error response
-    fn render_response(&self) -> Response {
-        self.error_response()
-    }
 }
 
 /// Convert Response to a Error
@@ -947,11 +957,7 @@ mod failure_integration {
     use super::*;
 
     /// Compatibility for `failure::Error`
-    impl ResponseError for failure::Error {
-        fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-            Response::new(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
-        }
-    }
+    impl ResponseError for failure::Error {}
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/actix-http/src/response.rs b/actix-http/src/response.rs
index 5eb0228dc..e9147aa4b 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/response.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/response.rs
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ impl Response<Body> {
     /// Constructs an error response
     #[inline]
     pub fn from_error(error: Error) -> Response {
-        let mut resp = error.as_response_error().render_response();
+        let mut resp = error.as_response_error().error_response();
         if resp.head.status == StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR {
             error!("Internal Server Error: {:?}", error);
         }
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/error.rs b/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
index 32c740a1a..6677f69c7 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Error and Result module
 use actix_web::error::{ParseError, PayloadError};
 use actix_web::http::StatusCode;
-use actix_web::{HttpResponse, ResponseError};
+use actix_web::ResponseError;
 use derive_more::{Display, From};
 
 /// A set of errors that can occur during parsing multipart streams
@@ -35,14 +35,15 @@ pub enum MultipartError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `MultipartError`
 impl ResponseError for MultipartError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    use actix_web::HttpResponse;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_multipart_error() {
diff --git a/awc/src/error.rs b/awc/src/error.rs
index eb8d03e2b..8816c4075 100644
--- a/awc/src/error.rs
+++ b/awc/src/error.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pub use actix_http::error::PayloadError;
 pub use actix_http::ws::HandshakeError as WsHandshakeError;
 pub use actix_http::ws::ProtocolError as WsProtocolError;
 
-use actix_http::{Response, ResponseError};
+use actix_http::ResponseError;
 use serde_json::error::Error as JsonError;
 
 use actix_http::http::{header::HeaderValue, Error as HttpError, StatusCode};
@@ -68,8 +68,4 @@ pub enum JsonPayloadError {
 }
 
 /// Return `InternalServerError` for `JsonPayloadError`
-impl ResponseError for JsonPayloadError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
-        Response::new(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
-    }
-}
+impl ResponseError for JsonPayloadError {}
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index a60276a7a..2eec7c51b 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -54,15 +54,11 @@ pub enum UrlencodedError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `UrlencodedError`
 impl ResponseError for UrlencodedError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match *self {
-            UrlencodedError::Overflow { .. } => {
-                HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE)
-            }
-            UrlencodedError::UnknownLength => {
-                HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::LENGTH_REQUIRED)
-            }
-            _ => HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST),
+            UrlencodedError::Overflow { .. } => StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE,
+            UrlencodedError::UnknownLength => StatusCode::LENGTH_REQUIRED,
+            _ => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -106,10 +102,8 @@ pub enum PathError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `PathError`
 impl ResponseError for PathError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        match *self {
-            PathError::Deserialize(_) => HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST),
-        }
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,12 +117,8 @@ pub enum QueryPayloadError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `QueryPayloadError`
 impl ResponseError for QueryPayloadError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        match *self {
-            QueryPayloadError::Deserialize(_) => {
-                HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
-            }
-        }
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
+        StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST
     }
 }
 
@@ -152,12 +142,10 @@ pub enum ReadlinesError {
 
 /// Return `BadRequest` for `ReadlinesError`
 impl ResponseError for ReadlinesError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match *self {
-            ReadlinesError::LimitOverflow => {
-                HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE)
-            }
-            _ => HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST),
+            ReadlinesError::LimitOverflow => StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE,
+            _ => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 4d1facd8d..b7fd8d155 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 //! * SSL support with OpenSSL or `native-tls`
 //! * Middlewares (`Logger`, `Session`, `CORS`, `DefaultHeaders`)
 //! * Supports [Actix actor framework](https://github.com/actix/actix)
-//! * Supported Rust version: 1.36 or later
+//! * Supported Rust version: 1.39 or later
 //!
 //! ## Package feature
 //!