use std::mem;
use std::rc::Rc;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::collections::HashMap;

use regex::{Regex, escape};
use percent_encoding::percent_decode;

use error::UrlGenerationError;
use param::Params;
use resource::Resource;
use httprequest::HttpRequest;
use server::ServerSettings;


/// Interface for application router.
pub struct Router(Rc<Inner>);

struct Inner {
    prefix: String,
    prefix_len: usize,
    named: HashMap<String, (Pattern, bool)>,
    patterns: Vec<Pattern>,
    srv: ServerSettings,
}

impl Router {
    /// Create new router
    pub fn new<S>(prefix: &str,
                  settings: ServerSettings,
                  map: Vec<(Pattern, Option<Resource<S>>)>) -> (Router, Vec<Resource<S>>)
    {
        let prefix = prefix.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
        let mut named = HashMap::new();
        let mut patterns = Vec::new();
        let mut resources = Vec::new();

        for (pattern, resource) in map {
            if !pattern.name().is_empty() {
                let name = pattern.name().into();
                named.insert(name, (pattern.clone(), resource.is_none()));
            }

            if let Some(resource) = resource {
                patterns.push(pattern);
                resources.push(resource);
            }
        }

        let prefix_len = prefix.len();
        (Router(Rc::new(
            Inner{ prefix, prefix_len, named, patterns, srv: settings })), resources)
    }

    /// Router prefix
    #[inline]
    pub fn prefix(&self) -> &str {
        &self.0.prefix
    }

    /// Server settings
    #[inline]
    pub fn server_settings(&self) -> &ServerSettings {
        &self.0.srv
    }

    /// Query for matched resource
    pub fn recognize<S>(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Option<usize> {
        if self.0.prefix_len > req.path().len() {
            return None
        }
        let path: &str = unsafe{mem::transmute(&req.path()[self.0.prefix_len..])};
        let route_path = if path.is_empty() { "/" } else { path };
        let p = percent_decode(route_path.as_bytes()).decode_utf8().unwrap();

        for (idx, pattern) in self.0.patterns.iter().enumerate() {
            if pattern.match_with_params(p.as_ref(), req.match_info_mut()) {
                return Some(idx)
            }
        }
        None
    }

    /// Check if application contains matching route.
    ///
    /// This method does not take `prefix` into account.
    /// For example if prefix is `/test` and router contains route `/name`,
    /// following path would be recognizable `/test/name` but `has_route()` call
    /// would return `false`.
    pub fn has_route(&self, path: &str) -> bool {
        let path = if path.is_empty() { "/" } else { path };

        for pattern in &self.0.patterns {
            if pattern.is_match(path) {
                return true
            }
        }
        false
    }

    /// Build named resource path.
    ///
    /// Check [`HttpRequest::url_for()`](../struct.HttpRequest.html#method.url_for)
    /// for detailed information.
    pub fn resource_path<U, I>(&self, name: &str, elements: U)
                               -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
        where U: IntoIterator<Item=I>,
              I: AsRef<str>,
    {
        if let Some(pattern) = self.0.named.get(name) {
            if pattern.1 {
                pattern.0.path(None, elements)
            } else {
                pattern.0.path(Some(&self.0.prefix), elements)
            }
        } else {
            Err(UrlGenerationError::ResourceNotFound)
        }
    }
}

impl Clone for Router {
    fn clone(&self) -> Router {
        Router(Rc::clone(&self.0))
    }
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
enum PatternElement {
    Str(String),
    Var(String),
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
enum PatternType {
    Static(String),
    Dynamic(Regex, Vec<String>),
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Pattern {
    tp: PatternType,
    name: String,
    pattern: String,
    elements: Vec<PatternElement>,
}

impl Pattern {
    /// Parse path pattern and create new `Pattern` instance.
    ///
    /// Panics if path pattern is wrong.
    pub fn new(name: &str, path: &str) -> Self {
        Pattern::with_prefix(name, path, "/")
    }

    /// Parse path pattern and create new `Pattern` instance with custom prefix
    pub fn with_prefix(name: &str, path: &str, prefix: &str) -> Self {
        let (pattern, elements, is_dynamic) = Pattern::parse(path, prefix);

        let tp = if is_dynamic {
            let re = match Regex::new(&pattern) {
                Ok(re) => re,
                Err(err) => panic!("Wrong path pattern: \"{}\" {}", path, err)
            };
            let names = re.capture_names()
                .filter_map(|name| name.map(|name| name.to_owned()))
                .collect();
            PatternType::Dynamic(re, names)
        } else {
            PatternType::Static(pattern.clone())
        };

        Pattern {
            tp,
            pattern,
            elements,
            name: name.into(),
        }
    }

    /// Returns name of the pattern
    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
        &self.name
    }

    /// Returns path of the pattern
    pub fn pattern(&self) -> &str {
        &self.pattern
    }

    pub fn is_match(&self, path: &str) -> bool {
        match self.tp {
            PatternType::Static(ref s) => s == path,
            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, _) => re.is_match(path),
        }
    }

    pub fn match_with_params<'a>(&'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>)
                                 -> bool
    {
        match self.tp {
            PatternType::Static(ref s) => s == path,
            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, ref names) => {
                if let Some(captures) = re.captures(path) {
                    let mut idx = 0;
                    for capture in captures.iter() {
                        if let Some(ref m) = capture {
                            if idx != 0 {
                                params.add(names[idx-1].as_str(), m.as_str());
                            }
                            idx += 1;
                        }
                    }
                    true
                } else {
                    false
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// Build pattern path.
    pub fn path<U, I>(&self, prefix: Option<&str>, elements: U) -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
        where U: IntoIterator<Item=I>,
              I: AsRef<str>,
    {
        let mut iter = elements.into_iter();
        let mut path = if let Some(prefix) = prefix {
            format!("{}/", prefix)
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        for el in &self.elements {
            match *el {
                PatternElement::Str(ref s) => path.push_str(s),
                PatternElement::Var(_) => {
                    if let Some(val) = iter.next() {
                        path.push_str(val.as_ref())
                    } else {
                        return Err(UrlGenerationError::NotEnoughElements)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        Ok(path)
    }

    fn parse(pattern: &str, prefix: &str) -> (String, Vec<PatternElement>, bool) {
        const DEFAULT_PATTERN: &str = "[^/]+";

        let mut re1 = String::from("^") + prefix;
        let mut re2 = String::from(prefix);
        let mut el = String::new();
        let mut in_param = false;
        let mut in_param_pattern = false;
        let mut param_name = String::new();
        let mut param_pattern = String::from(DEFAULT_PATTERN);
        let mut is_dynamic = false;
        let mut elems = Vec::new();

        for (index, ch) in pattern.chars().enumerate() {
            // All routes must have a leading slash so its optional to have one
            if index == 0 && ch == '/' {
                continue;
            }

            if in_param {
                // In parameter segment: `{....}`
                if ch == '}' {
                    elems.push(PatternElement::Var(param_name.clone()));
                    re1.push_str(&format!(r"(?P<{}>{})", &param_name, &param_pattern));

                    param_name.clear();
                    param_pattern = String::from(DEFAULT_PATTERN);

                    in_param_pattern = false;
                    in_param = false;
                } else if ch == ':' {
                    // The parameter name has been determined; custom pattern land
                    in_param_pattern = true;
                    param_pattern.clear();
                } else if in_param_pattern {
                    // Ignore leading whitespace for pattern
                    if !(ch == ' ' && param_pattern.is_empty()) {
                        param_pattern.push(ch);
                    }
                } else {
                    param_name.push(ch);
                }
            } else if ch == '{' {
                in_param = true;
                is_dynamic = true;
                elems.push(PatternElement::Str(el.clone()));
                el.clear();
            } else {
                re1.push_str(escape(&ch.to_string()).as_str());
                re2.push(ch);
                el.push(ch);
            }
        }

        let re = if is_dynamic {
            re1.push('$');
            re1
        } else {
            re2
        };
        (re, elems, is_dynamic)
    }
}

impl PartialEq for Pattern {
    fn eq(&self, other: &Pattern) -> bool {
        self.pattern == other.pattern
    }
}

impl Eq for Pattern {}

impl Hash for Pattern {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.pattern.hash(state);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use test::TestRequest;

    #[test]
    fn test_recognizer() {
        let routes = vec![
            (Pattern::new("", "/name"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/name/{val}/index.html"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/file/{file}.{ext}"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/v{val}/{val2}/index.html"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/v/{tail:.*}"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "{test}/index.html"), Some(Resource::default()))];
        let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(0));
        assert!(req.match_info().is_empty());

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name/value").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(1));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("val").unwrap(), "value");
        assert_eq!(&req.match_info()["val"], "value");

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name/value2/index.html").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(2));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("val").unwrap(), "value2");

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/file/file.gz").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(3));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("file").unwrap(), "file");
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("ext").unwrap(), "gz");

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/vtest/ttt/index.html").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(4));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("val").unwrap(), "test");
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("val2").unwrap(), "ttt");

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/v/blah-blah/index.html").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(5));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("tail").unwrap(), "blah-blah/index.html");

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bbb/index.html").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(6));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("test").unwrap(), "bbb");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_recognizer_2() {
        let routes = vec![
            (Pattern::new("", "/index.json"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/{source}.json"), Some(Resource::default()))];
        let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/index.json").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(0));

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test.json").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(1));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_recognizer_with_prefix() {
        let routes = vec![
            (Pattern::new("", "/name"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(Resource::default()))];
        let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("/test", ServerSettings::default(), routes);

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name").finish();
        assert!(rec.recognize(&mut req).is_none());

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/name").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(0));

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/name/value").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(1));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("val").unwrap(), "value");
        assert_eq!(&req.match_info()["val"], "value");

        // same patterns
        let routes = vec![
            (Pattern::new("", "/name"), Some(Resource::default())),
            (Pattern::new("", "/name/{val}"), Some(Resource::default()))];
        let (rec, _) = Router::new::<()>("/test2", ServerSettings::default(), routes);

        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name").finish();
        assert!(rec.recognize(&mut req).is_none());
        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/name").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(0));
        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/name-test").finish();
        assert!(rec.recognize(&mut req).is_none());
        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/name/ttt").finish();
        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(1));
        assert_eq!(&req.match_info()["val"], "ttt");
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_static() {
        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/");
        assert!(re.is_match("/"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/a"));

        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/name");
        assert!(re.is_match("/name"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/name1"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/name/"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/name~"));

        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/name/");
        assert!(re.is_match("/name/"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/name"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/name/gs"));

        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/user/profile");
        assert!(re.is_match("/user/profile"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/user/profile/profile"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_parse_param() {
        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();

        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/user/{id}");
        assert!(re.is_match("/user/profile"));
        assert!(re.is_match("/user/2345"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/user/2345/"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/user/2345/sdg"));

        req.match_info_mut().clear();
        assert!(re.match_with_params("/user/profile", req.match_info_mut()));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("id").unwrap(), "profile");

        req.match_info_mut().clear();
        assert!(re.match_with_params("/user/1245125", req.match_info_mut()));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("id").unwrap(), "1245125");

        let re = Pattern::new("test", "/v{version}/resource/{id}");
        assert!(re.is_match("/v1/resource/320120"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/v/resource/1"));
        assert!(!re.is_match("/resource"));

        req.match_info_mut().clear();
        assert!(re.match_with_params("/v151/resource/adahg32", req.match_info_mut()));
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("version").unwrap(), "151");
        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("id").unwrap(), "adahg32");
    }
}