# Request & Response

## Response

Builder-like patter is used to construct an instance of `HttpResponse`.
`HttpResponse` provides several method that returns `HttpResponseBuilder` instance,
which is implements various convinience methods that helps build response.
Check [documentation](../actix_web/dev/struct.HttpResponseBuilder.html)
for type description. Methods `.body`, `.finish`, `.json` finalizes response creation,
if this methods get call for the same builder instance, builder will panic.

```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
use actix_web::*;
use actix_web::headers::ContentEncoding;

fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
    HttpResponse::Ok()
        .content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Br)
        .content_type("plain/text")
        .header("X-Hdr", "sample")
        .body("data").unwrap()
}
# fn main() {}
```

## Content encoding

Actix automatically *compress*/*decompress* payload. Following codecs are supported: 

 * Brotli
 * Gzip
 * Deflate
 * Identity
 
 If request headers contains `Content-Encoding` header, request payload get decompressed
 according to header value. Multiple codecs are not supported, i.e: `Content-Encoding: br, gzip`.
 
Response payload get compressed based on *content_encoding* parameter. 
By default `ContentEncoding::Auto` is used. If `ContentEncoding::Auto` is selected
then compression depends on request's `Accept-Encoding` header. 
`ContentEncoding::Identity` could be used to disable compression.
If other content encoding is selected the compression is enforced for this codec. For example,
to enable `brotli` response's body compression use `ContentEncoding::Br`:

```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
use actix_web::*;
use actix_web::headers::ContentEncoding;

fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
    HttpResponse::Ok()
        .content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Br)
        .body("data").unwrap()
}
# fn main() {}
```


## JSON Request

Unfortunately, because of async nature of actix web framework, deserializing json
requests is not very ergonomic process. First you need to load whole body into
temporal storage and only then you can deserialize it.

Here is simple example. We will deserialize *MyObj* struct.

```rust,ignore
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct MyObj {
    name: String,
    number: i32,
}
```

We need to load request body first.

```rust,ignore
fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Future<Item=HttpResponse, Error=Error> {

   req.payload_mut().readany()
     .fold(BytesMut::new(), |mut body, chunk| {   // <- load request body
         body.extend(chunk);
         result::<_, error::PayloadError>(Ok(body))
     })
    .and_then(|body| {  // <- body is loaded, now we can deserialize json
        let obj = serde_json::from_slice::<MyObj>(&body).unwrap();
        println!("MODEL: {:?}", obj);    // <- do something with payload
        ok(httpcodes::HTTPOk.response()) // <- send response
    })
}
```

Full example is available in 
[examples directory](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/tree/master/examples/json/).


## JSON Response

The `Json` type allows you to respond with well-formed JSON data: simply return a value of 
type Json<T> where T is the type of a structure to serialize into *JSON*. The 
type `T` must implement the `Serialize` trait from *serde*.

```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
#[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
use actix_web::*;

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct MyObj {
    name: String,
}

fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Json<MyObj>> {
    Ok(Json(MyObj{name: req.match_info().query("name")?}))
}

fn main() {
    Application::new()
        .resource(r"/a/{name}", |r| r.method(Method::GET).f(index))
        .finish();
}
```

## Chunked transfer encoding

Actix automatically decode *chunked* encoding. `HttpRequest::payload()` already contains
decoded bytes stream. If request payload compressed with one of supported
compression codecs (br, gzip, deflate) bytes stream get decompressed.

Chunked encoding on response could be enabled with `HttpResponseBuilder::chunked()` method.
But this takes effect only for `Body::Streaming(BodyStream)` or `Body::StreamingContext` bodies.
Also if response payload compression is enabled and streaming body is used, chunked encoding
get enabled automatically.

Enabling chunked encoding for *HTTP/2.0* responses is forbidden.

```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
use actix_web::*;

fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
    HttpResponse::Ok()
        .chunked()
        .body(Body::Streaming(payload::Payload::empty().stream())).unwrap()
}
# fn main() {}
```

## Cookies

[WIP]

## Multipart body

Actix provides multipart stream support. 
[*Multipart*](../actix_web/multipart/struct.Multipart.html) is implemented as 
a stream of multipart items, each item could be
[*Field*](../actix_web/multipart/struct.Field.html) or nested *Multipart* stream.
`HttpResponse::multipart()` method returns *Multipart* stream for current request.

In simple form multipart stream handling could be implemented similar to this example

```rust,ignore
# extern crate actix_web;
use actix_web::*;

fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Box<Future<...>> {
    req.multipart()        // <- get multipart stream for current request
       .and_then(|item| {  // <- iterate over multipart items
           match item {
                           // Handle multipart Field
              multipart::MultipartItem::Field(field) => {
                 println!("==== FIELD ==== {:?} {:?}", field.heders(), field.content_type());
                 
                 Either::A(
                           // Field in turn is a stream of *Bytes* objects
                   field.map(|chunk| {
                        println!("-- CHUNK: \n{}",
                                 std::str::from_utf8(&chunk).unwrap());})
                      .fold((), |_, _| result(Ok(()))))
                },
              multipart::MultipartItem::Nested(mp) => {
                         // Or item could be nested Multipart stream 
                 Either::B(result(Ok(())))
              }
         }
   })
}
```

Full example is available in 
[examples directory](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/tree/master/examples/multipart/).

## Urlencoded body

Actix provides support for *application/x-www-form-urlencoded* encoded body.
`HttpResponse::urlencoded()` method returns
[*UrlEncoded*](../actix_web/dev/struct.UrlEncoded.html) future, it resolves 
into `HashMap<String, String>` which contains decoded parameters.
*UrlEncoded* future can resolve into a error in several cases:

* content type is not `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
* transfer encoding is `chunked`.
* content-length is greater than 256k
* payload terminates with error.


```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
# extern crate futures;
use actix_web::*;
use futures::future::{Future, ok};

fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Box<Future<Item=HttpResponse, Error=Error>> {
    Box::new(
        req.urlencoded()         // <- get UrlEncoded future
           .and_then(|params| {  // <- url encoded parameters
                 println!("==== BODY ==== {:?}", params);
                 ok(httpcodes::HTTPOk.response())
           })
           .map_err(Error::from)
   )
}
# fn main() {}
```


## Streaming request

Actix uses [*Payload*](../actix_web/payload/struct.Payload.html) object as request payload stream.
*HttpRequest* provides several methods, which can be used for payload access.
At the same time *Payload* implements *Stream* trait, so it could be used with various
stream combinators. Also *Payload* provides serveral convinience methods that return
future object that resolve to Bytes object.

* *readany* method returns *Stream* of *Bytes* objects.

* *readexactly* method returns *Future* that resolves when specified number of bytes
  get received.
  
* *readline* method returns *Future* that resolves when `\n` get received.

* *readuntil* method returns *Future* that resolves when specified bytes string
  matches in input bytes stream

In this example handle reads request payload chunk by chunk and prints every chunk.

```rust
# extern crate actix_web;
# extern crate futures;
# use futures::future::result;
use actix_web::*;
use futures::{Future, Stream};


fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Box<Future<Item=HttpResponse, Error=Error>> {
    Box::new(
        req.payload_mut()
            .readany()
            .fold((), |_, chunk| {
                println!("Chunk: {:?}", chunk);
                result::<_, error::PayloadError>(Ok(()))
            })
            .map_err(|e| Error::from(e))
            .map(|_| HttpResponse::Ok().finish().unwrap()))
}
# fn main() {}
```