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</pre><pre class="rust"><code><span class="doccomment">//! Session management for Actix Web.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! The HTTP protocol, at a first glance, is stateless: the client sends a request, the server</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! parses its content, performs some processing and returns a response. The outcome is only</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! influenced by the provided inputs (i.e. the request content) and whatever state the server</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! queries while performing its processing.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! Stateless systems are easier to reason about, but they are not quite as powerful as we need to</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! be - e.g. how do you authenticate a user? The user would be forced to authenticate **for every</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! single request**. That is, for example, how &#39;Basic&#39; Authentication works. While it may work for</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! a machine user (i.e. an API client), it is impractical for a person—you do not want a login</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! prompt on every single page you navigate to!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! There is a solution - **sessions**. Using sessions the server can attach state to a set of</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! requests coming from the same client. They are built on top of cookies - the server sets a</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! cookie in the HTTP response (`Set-Cookie` header), the client (e.g. the browser) will store the</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! cookie and play it back to the server when sending new requests (using the `Cookie` header).</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! We refer to the cookie used for sessions as a **session cookie**. Its content is called</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! **session key** (or **session ID**), while the state attached to the session is referred to as</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! **session state**.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! `actix-session` provides an easy-to-use framework to manage sessions in applications built on</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! top of Actix Web. [`SessionMiddleware`] is the middleware underpinning the functionality</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! provided by `actix-session`; it takes care of all the session cookie handling and instructs the</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! **storage backend** to create/delete/update the session state based on the operations performed</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! against the active [`Session`].</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! `actix-session` provides some built-in storage backends: ([`CookieSessionStore`],</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`RedisSessionStore`], and [`RedisActorSessionStore`]) - you can create a custom storage backend</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! by implementing the [`SessionStore`] trait.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! Further reading on sessions:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! - [RFC6265](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265);</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! - [OWASP&#39;s session management cheat-sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Session_Management_Cheat_Sheet.html).</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! # Getting started</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! To start using sessions in your Actix Web application you must register [`SessionMiddleware`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! as a middleware on your `App`:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```no_run</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, HttpResponse, Error};</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use actix_session::{Session, SessionMiddleware, storage::RedisActorSessionStore};</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use actix_web::cookie::Key;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! #[actix_web::main]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! async fn main() -&gt; std::io::Result&lt;()&gt; {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     // The secret key would usually be read from a configuration file/environment variables.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     let secret_key = Key::generate();</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     let redis_connection_string = &quot;127.0.0.1:6379&quot;;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     HttpServer::new(move ||</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!             App::new()</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!             // Add session management to your application using Redis for session state storage</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!             .wrap(</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!                 SessionMiddleware::new(</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!                     RedisActorSessionStore::new(redis_connection_string),</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!                     secret_key.clone()</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!                 )</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!             )</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!             .default_service(web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())))</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         .bind((&quot;127.0.0.1&quot;, 8080))?</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         .run()</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         .await</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! The session state can be accessed and modified by your request handlers using the [`Session`]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! extractor.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```no_run</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use actix_web::Error;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! use actix_session::Session;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! fn index(session: Session) -&gt; Result&lt;&amp;&#39;static str, Error&gt; {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     // access the session state</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     if let Some(count) = session.get::&lt;i32&gt;(&quot;counter&quot;)? {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         println!(&quot;SESSION value: {}&quot;, count);</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         // modify the session state</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         session.insert(&quot;counter&quot;, count + 1)?;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     } else {</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!         session.insert(&quot;counter&quot;, 1)?;</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!     Ok(&quot;Welcome!&quot;)</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! # Choosing A Backend</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! By default, `actix-session` does not provide any storage backend to retrieve and save the state</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! attached to your sessions. You can enable:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! - a purely cookie-based &quot;backend&quot;, [`CookieSessionStore`], using the `cookie-session` feature</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   flag.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```toml</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   [dependencies]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   # ...</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   actix-session = { version = &quot;...&quot;, features = [&quot;cookie-session&quot;] }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! - a Redis-based backend via [`actix-redis`](https://docs.rs/acitx-redis),</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   [`RedisActorSessionStore`], using the `redis-actor-session` feature flag.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```toml</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   [dependencies]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   # ...</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   actix-session = { version = &quot;...&quot;, features = [&quot;redis-actor-session&quot;] }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! - a Redis-based backend via [`redis-rs`](https://docs.rs/redis-rs), [`RedisSessionStore`], using</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   the `redis-rs-session` feature flag.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```toml</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   [dependencies]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   # ...</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   actix-session = { version = &quot;...&quot;, features = [&quot;redis-rs-session&quot;] }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   Add the `redis-rs-tls-session` feature flag if you want to connect to Redis using a secured</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   connection:</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```toml</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   [dependencies]</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   # ...</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   actix-session = { version = &quot;...&quot;, features = [&quot;redis-rs-session&quot;, &quot;redis-rs-tls-session&quot;] }</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!   ```</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! You can implement your own session storage backend using the [`SessionStore`] trait.</span>
<span class="doccomment">//!</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`SessionStore`]: storage::SessionStore</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`CookieSessionStore`]: storage::CookieSessionStore</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`RedisSessionStore`]: storage::RedisSessionStore</span>
<span class="doccomment">//! [`RedisActorSessionStore`]: storage::RedisActorSessionStore</span>

<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">deny</span>(<span class="ident">rust_2018_idioms</span>, <span class="ident">nonstandard_style</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">warn</span>(<span class="ident">future_incompatible</span>, <span class="ident">missing_docs</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">doc</span>(<span class="ident">html_logo_url</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;https://actix.rs/img/logo.png&quot;</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">doc</span>(<span class="ident">html_favicon_url</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;https://actix.rs/favicon.ico&quot;</span>)]</span>
<span class="attribute">#![<span class="ident">cfg_attr</span>(<span class="ident">docsrs</span>, <span class="ident">feature</span>(<span class="ident">doc_cfg</span>))]</span>

<span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">middleware</span>;
<span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">session</span>;
<span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">session_ext</span>;
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">storage</span>;

<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="self">self</span>::middleware</span>::{
    <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>, <span class="ident">SessionLength</span>, <span class="ident">SessionMiddleware</span>, <span class="ident">SessionMiddlewareBuilder</span>,
};
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="self">self</span>::session</span>::{<span class="ident">Session</span>, <span class="ident">SessionStatus</span>};
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident"><span class="self">self</span>::session_ext::SessionExt</span>;

<span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">cfg</span>(<span class="ident">test</span>)]</span>
<span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">test_helpers</span> {
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">actix_web::cookie::Key</span>;
    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">rand</span>::{<span class="ident">distributions::Alphanumeric</span>, <span class="ident">thread_rng</span>, <span class="ident">Rng</span>};

    <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::{<span class="ident">storage::SessionStore</span>, <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>};

    <span class="doccomment">/// Generate a random cookie signing/encryption key.</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">key</span>() -&gt; <span class="ident">Key</span> {
        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">signing_key</span>: <span class="ident">String</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">thread_rng</span>()
            .<span class="ident">sample_iter</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">Alphanumeric</span>)
            .<span class="ident">take</span>(<span class="number">64</span>)
            .<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="ident">char::from</span>)
            .<span class="ident">collect</span>();
        <span class="ident">Key::from</span>(<span class="ident">signing_key</span>.<span class="ident">as_bytes</span>())
    }

    <span class="doccomment">/// A ready-to-go acceptance test suite to verify that sessions behave as expected</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// regardless of the underlying session store.</span>
    <span class="doccomment">///</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// `is_invalidation_supported` must be set to `true` if the backend supports</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// &quot;remembering&quot; that a session has been invalidated (e.g. by logging out).</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// It should be to `false` if the backend allows multiple cookies to be active</span>
    <span class="doccomment">/// at the same time (e.g. cookie store backend).</span>
    <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">acceptance_test_suite</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">Store</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">is_invalidation_supported</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>)
    <span class="kw">where</span>
        <span class="ident">Store</span>: <span class="ident">SessionStore</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
        <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Fn</span>() -&gt; <span class="ident">Store</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
    {
        <span class="kw">for</span> <span class="ident">policy</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[
            <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity::Signed</span>,
            <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity::Private</span>,
        ] {
            <span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Using {:?} as cookie content security policy.&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">policy</span>);
            <span class="ident">acceptance_tests::basic_workflow</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>(), <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">policy</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>;
            <span class="ident">acceptance_tests::expiration_is_refreshed_on_changes</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>(), <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">policy</span>)
                .<span class="kw">await</span>;
            <span class="ident">acceptance_tests::complex_workflow</span>(
                <span class="ident">store_builder</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>(),
                <span class="ident">is_invalidation_supported</span>,
                <span class="kw-2">*</span><span class="ident">policy</span>,
            )
            .<span class="kw">await</span>;
        }
    }

    <span class="kw">mod</span> <span class="ident">acceptance_tests</span> {
        <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">actix_web</span>::{
            <span class="ident">dev::Service</span>,
            <span class="ident">middleware</span>, <span class="ident">test</span>,
            <span class="ident">web</span>::{<span class="self">self</span>, <span class="ident">get</span>, <span class="ident">post</span>, <span class="ident">resource</span>, <span class="ident">Bytes</span>},
            <span class="ident">App</span>, <span class="ident">HttpResponse</span>, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>,
        };
        <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">serde</span>::{<span class="ident">Deserialize</span>, <span class="ident">Serialize</span>};
        <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">serde_json::json</span>;
        <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="ident">time::Duration</span>;

        <span class="kw">use</span> <span class="kw">crate</span>::{
            <span class="ident">middleware::SessionLength</span>, <span class="ident">storage::SessionStore</span>, <span class="ident">test_helpers::key</span>,
            <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>, <span class="ident">Session</span>, <span class="ident">SessionMiddleware</span>,
        };

        <span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">super</span>) <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">basic_workflow</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">Store</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(
            <span class="ident">store_builder</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>,
            <span class="ident">policy</span>: <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>,
        ) <span class="kw">where</span>
            <span class="ident">Store</span>: <span class="ident">SessionStore</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
            <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Fn</span>() -&gt; <span class="ident">Store</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
        {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">app</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::init_service</span>(
                <span class="ident">App::new</span>()
                    .<span class="ident">wrap</span>(
                        <span class="ident">SessionMiddleware::builder</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>(), <span class="ident">key</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_path</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_name</span>(<span class="string">&quot;actix-test&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_domain</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;localhost&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()))
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_content_security</span>(<span class="ident">policy</span>)
                            .<span class="ident">session_length</span>(<span class="ident">SessionLength::Predetermined</span> {
                                <span class="ident">max_session_length</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">time::Duration::seconds</span>(<span class="number">100</span>)),
                            })
                            .<span class="ident">build</span>(),
                    )
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">web::resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">ses</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">move</span> {
                        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ses</span>.<span class="ident">insert</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>, <span class="number">100</span>);
                        <span class="string">&quot;test&quot;</span>
                    }))
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">web::resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">ses</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">move</span> {
                        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">val</span>: <span class="ident">usize</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ses</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
                        <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">val</span>)
                    })),
            )
            .<span class="kw">await</span>;

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">request</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::TestRequest::get</span>().<span class="ident">to_request</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">response</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">app</span>.<span class="ident">call</span>(<span class="ident">request</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">response</span>
                .<span class="ident">response</span>()
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;actix-test&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
                .<span class="ident">clone</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie</span>.<span class="ident">path</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>(), <span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>);

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">request</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::TestRequest::with_uri</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie</span>)
                .<span class="ident">to_request</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">body</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::call_and_read_body</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">app</span>, <span class="ident">request</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>;
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">body</span>, <span class="ident">Bytes::from_static</span>(<span class="string">b&quot;counter: 100&quot;</span>));
        }

        <span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">super</span>) <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">expiration_is_refreshed_on_changes</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">Store</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(
            <span class="ident">store_builder</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>,
            <span class="ident">policy</span>: <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>,
        ) <span class="kw">where</span>
            <span class="ident">Store</span>: <span class="ident">SessionStore</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
            <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Fn</span>() -&gt; <span class="ident">Store</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
        {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">app</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::init_service</span>(
                <span class="ident">App::new</span>()
                    .<span class="ident">wrap</span>(
                        <span class="ident">SessionMiddleware::builder</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>(), <span class="ident">key</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_content_security</span>(<span class="ident">policy</span>)
                            .<span class="ident">session_length</span>(<span class="ident">SessionLength::Predetermined</span> {
                                <span class="ident">max_session_length</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">time::Duration::seconds</span>(<span class="number">60</span>)),
                            })
                            .<span class="ident">build</span>(),
                    )
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">web::resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">ses</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">move</span> {
                        <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw">_</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">ses</span>.<span class="ident">insert</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>, <span class="number">100</span>);
                        <span class="string">&quot;test&quot;</span>
                    }))
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">web::resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">move</span> { <span class="string">&quot;no-changes-in-session&quot;</span> })),
            )
            .<span class="kw">await</span>;

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">request</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::TestRequest::get</span>().<span class="ident">to_request</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">response</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">app</span>.<span class="ident">call</span>(<span class="ident">request</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">response</span>
                .<span class="ident">response</span>()
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;id&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">expect</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Cookie is set&quot;</span>);
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_1</span>.<span class="ident">max_age</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">Duration::seconds</span>(<span class="number">60</span>)));

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">request</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::TestRequest::with_uri</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/test/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">to_request</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">response</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">app</span>.<span class="ident">call</span>(<span class="ident">request</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="ident">response</span>.<span class="ident">response</span>().<span class="ident">cookies</span>().<span class="ident">next</span>().<span class="ident">is_none</span>());

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">request</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">test::TestRequest::get</span>().<span class="ident">to_request</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">response</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">app</span>.<span class="ident">call</span>(<span class="ident">request</span>).<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">response</span>
                .<span class="ident">response</span>()
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;id&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">expect</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Cookie is set&quot;</span>);
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_2</span>.<span class="ident">max_age</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">Duration::seconds</span>(<span class="number">60</span>)));
        }

        <span class="kw">pub</span>(<span class="kw">super</span>) <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">complex_workflow</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">F</span>, <span class="ident">Store</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(
            <span class="ident">store_builder</span>: <span class="ident">F</span>,
            <span class="ident">is_invalidation_supported</span>: <span class="ident">bool</span>,
            <span class="ident">policy</span>: <span class="ident">CookieContentSecurity</span>,
        ) <span class="kw">where</span>
            <span class="ident">Store</span>: <span class="ident">SessionStore</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
            <span class="ident">F</span>: <span class="ident">Fn</span>() -&gt; <span class="ident">Store</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Clone</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="ident">Send</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="lifetime">&#39;static</span>,
        {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">srv</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">actix_test::start</span>(<span class="kw">move</span> <span class="op">|</span><span class="op">|</span> {
                <span class="ident">App::new</span>()
                    .<span class="ident">wrap</span>(
                        <span class="ident">SessionMiddleware::builder</span>(<span class="ident">store_builder</span>(), <span class="ident">key</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_name</span>(<span class="string">&quot;test-session&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>())
                            .<span class="ident">cookie_content_security</span>(<span class="ident">policy</span>)
                            .<span class="ident">session_length</span>(<span class="ident">SessionLength::Predetermined</span> {
                                <span class="ident">max_session_length</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">time::Duration::days</span>(<span class="number">7</span>)),
                            })
                            .<span class="ident">build</span>(),
                    )
                    .<span class="ident">wrap</span>(<span class="ident">middleware::Logger::default</span>())
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">route</span>(<span class="ident">get</span>().<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="ident">index</span>)))
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/do_something&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">route</span>(<span class="ident">post</span>().<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="ident">do_something</span>)))
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/login&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">route</span>(<span class="ident">post</span>().<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="ident">login</span>)))
                    .<span class="ident">service</span>(<span class="ident">resource</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/logout&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">route</span>(<span class="ident">post</span>().<span class="ident">to</span>(<span class="ident">logout</span>)))
            });

            <span class="comment">// Step 1:  GET index</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie actix-session should NOT be in response (session data is empty)</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 0, &quot;user_id&quot;: None}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_1a</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_1a</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="ident">resp_1</span>.<span class="ident">cookies</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">is_empty</span>());
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_1</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_1</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">0</span>
                }
            );

            <span class="comment">// Step 2: POST to do_something</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - adds new session state in redis:  {&quot;counter&quot;: 1}</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie actix-session should be in response (session cookie #1)</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 1, &quot;user_id&quot;: None}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">post</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/do_something&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_2</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_2</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_2</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">1</span>
                }
            );
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_1</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_2</span>
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
                .<span class="ident">clone</span>()
                .<span class="ident">into_iter</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;test-session&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_1</span>.<span class="ident">max_age</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">Duration::days</span>(<span class="number">7</span>)));

            <span class="comment">// Step 3:  GET index, including session cookie #1 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie will *not* be in response</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 1, &quot;user_id&quot;: None}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_3</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_1</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_3</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_3</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="ident">resp_3</span>.<span class="ident">cookies</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">is_empty</span>());
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_3</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_3</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_3</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">1</span>
                }
            );

            <span class="comment">// Step 4: POST again to do_something, including session cookie #1 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie will be in response (session cookie #2)</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - updates session state:  {&quot;counter&quot;: 2}</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 2, &quot;user_id&quot;: None}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_4</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">post</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/do_something&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_1</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_4</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_4</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_4</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_4</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_4</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">2</span>
                }
            );
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_2</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_4</span>
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
                .<span class="ident">clone</span>()
                .<span class="ident">into_iter</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;test-session&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_2</span>.<span class="ident">max_age</span>(), <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">Duration::days</span>(<span class="number">7</span>)));

            <span class="comment">// Step 5: POST to login, including session cookie #2 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie actix-session will be in response  (session cookie #3)</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - updates session state: {&quot;counter&quot;: 2, &quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;ferris&quot;}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_5</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>
                .<span class="ident">post</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/login&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_2</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>())
                .<span class="ident">send_json</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="macro">json!</span>({<span class="string">&quot;user_id&quot;</span>: <span class="string">&quot;ferris&quot;</span>}));
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_5</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_5</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_3</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_5</span>
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
                .<span class="ident">clone</span>()
                .<span class="ident">into_iter</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;test-session&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_ne!</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_2</span>.<span class="ident">value</span>(), <span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">value</span>());

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_5</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_5</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_5</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;ferris&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()),
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">2</span>
                }
            );

            <span class="comment">// Step 6: GET index, including session cookie #3 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 2, &quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;ferris&quot;}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_6</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_6</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_6</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_6</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_6</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_6</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;ferris&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()),
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">2</span>
                }
            );

            <span class="comment">// Step 7: POST again to do_something, including session cookie #3 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - updates session state: {&quot;counter&quot;: 3, &quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;ferris&quot;}</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 3, &quot;user_id&quot;: &quot;ferris&quot;}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_7</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">post</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/do_something&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_7</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_7</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_7</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_7</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_7</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="string">&quot;ferris&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">into</span>()),
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">3</span>
                }
            );

            <span class="comment">// Step 8: GET index, including session cookie #2 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">// If invalidation is supported, no state will be found associated to this session.</span>
            <span class="comment">// If invalidation is not supported, the old state will still be retrieved.</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_2</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_8</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">is_invalidation_supported</span> {
                <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="ident">resp_8</span>.<span class="ident">cookies</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">is_empty</span>());
                <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_8</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
                <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                    <span class="ident">result_8</span>,
                    <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                        <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                        <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">0</span>
                    }
                );
            } <span class="kw">else</span> {
                <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_8</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_8</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
                <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                    <span class="ident">result_8</span>,
                    <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                        <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                        <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">2</span>
                    }
                );
            }

            <span class="comment">// Step 9: POST to logout, including session cookie #3</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie actix-session will be in response with session cookie #3</span>
            <span class="comment">//     invalidation logic</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_9</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">post</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/logout&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">resp_9</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_9</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">cookie_3</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_9</span>
                .<span class="ident">cookies</span>()
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>()
                .<span class="ident">clone</span>()
                .<span class="ident">into_iter</span>()
                .<span class="ident">find</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">c</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">c</span>.<span class="ident">name</span>() <span class="op">==</span> <span class="string">&quot;test-session&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">max_age</span>().<span class="ident">map</span>(<span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">t</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">t</span>.<span class="ident">whole_seconds</span>()).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">path</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>());

            <span class="comment">// Step 10: GET index, including session cookie #3 in request</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - set-cookie actix-session should NOT be in response if invalidation is supported</span>
            <span class="comment">//   - response should be: {&quot;counter&quot;: 0, &quot;user_id&quot;: None}</span>
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">req_10</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">srv</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;/&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">cookie</span>(<span class="ident">cookie_3</span>.<span class="ident">clone</span>()).<span class="ident">send</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="kw-2">mut</span> <span class="ident">resp_10</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">req_10</span>.<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="ident">is_invalidation_supported</span> {
                <span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="ident">resp_10</span>.<span class="ident">cookies</span>().<span class="ident">unwrap</span>().<span class="ident">is_empty</span>());
            }
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">result_10</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">resp_10</span>.<span class="ident">json</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>().<span class="kw">await</span>.<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
                <span class="ident">result_10</span>,
                <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                    <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">None</span>,
                    <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="number">0</span>
                }
            );
        }

        <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Serialize</span>, <span class="ident">Deserialize</span>, <span class="ident">Debug</span>, <span class="ident">PartialEq</span>)]</span>
        <span class="kw">pub</span> <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
            <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>,
            <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="ident">i32</span>,
        }

        <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">index</span>(<span class="ident">session</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HttpResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="string">&quot;user_id&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="ident">i32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>
                .<span class="ident">get</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="number">0</span>))
                .<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);

            <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">HttpResponse::Ok</span>().<span class="ident">json</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> { <span class="ident">user_id</span>, <span class="ident">counter</span> }))
        }

        <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">do_something</span>(<span class="ident">session</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HttpResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="string">&quot;user_id&quot;</span>).<span class="ident">unwrap</span>();
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="ident">i32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>
                .<span class="ident">get</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="number">0</span>))
                .<span class="ident">map_or</span>(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="op">|</span><span class="ident">inner</span><span class="op">|</span> <span class="ident">inner</span> <span class="op">+</span> <span class="number">1</span>);
            <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">insert</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">counter</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;

            <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">HttpResponse::Ok</span>().<span class="ident">json</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> { <span class="ident">user_id</span>, <span class="ident">counter</span> }))
        }

        <span class="attribute">#[<span class="ident">derive</span>(<span class="ident">Deserialize</span>)]</span>
        <span class="kw">struct</span> <span class="ident">Identity</span> {
            <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="ident">String</span>,
        }

        <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">login</span>(<span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="ident">web::Json</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">Identity</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>, <span class="ident">session</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HttpResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">id</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">user_id</span>.<span class="ident">into_inner</span>().<span class="ident">user_id</span>;
            <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">insert</span>(<span class="string">&quot;user_id&quot;</span>, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">id</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
            <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">renew</span>();

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">counter</span>: <span class="ident">i32</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>
                .<span class="ident">get</span>::<span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">i32</span><span class="op">&gt;</span>(<span class="string">&quot;counter&quot;</span>)
                .<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="number">0</span>))
                .<span class="ident">unwrap_or</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);

            <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">HttpResponse::Ok</span>().<span class="ident">json</span>(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span><span class="ident">IndexResponse</span> {
                <span class="ident">user_id</span>: <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">id</span>),
                <span class="ident">counter</span>,
            }))
        }

        <span class="kw">async</span> <span class="kw">fn</span> <span class="ident">logout</span>(<span class="ident">session</span>: <span class="ident">Session</span>) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">HttpResponse</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> {
            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">id</span>: <span class="prelude-ty">Option</span><span class="op">&lt;</span><span class="ident">String</span><span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">get</span>(<span class="string">&quot;user_id&quot;</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;

            <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="ident">body</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="kw">if</span> <span class="kw">let</span> <span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(<span class="ident">x</span>) <span class="op">=</span> <span class="ident">id</span> {
                <span class="ident">session</span>.<span class="ident">purge</span>();
                <span class="macro">format!</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Logged out: {}&quot;</span>, <span class="ident">x</span>)
            } <span class="kw">else</span> {
                <span class="string">&quot;Could not log out anonymous user&quot;</span>.<span class="ident">to_owned</span>()
            };

            <span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="ident">HttpResponse::Ok</span>().<span class="ident">body</span>(<span class="ident">body</span>))
        }
    }
}
</code></pre></div>
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