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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="An owned permission to join on a task (await its termination)."><title>JoinHandle in actix_rt::task - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Join<wbr>Handle</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#cancel-safety" title="Cancel safety">Cancel safety</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><ul class="block method"><li><a href="#method.abort" title="abort">abort</a></li><li><a href="#method.abort_handle" title="abort_handle">abort_handle</a></li><li><a href="#method.is_finished" title="is_finished">is_finished</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block trait-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Debug-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Debug">Debug</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Drop-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Drop">Drop</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Future-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Future">Future</a></li><li><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Send-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Send">Send</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Sync-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Sync">Sync</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Unpin">Unpin</a></li><li><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block synthetic-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" title="Freeze">Freeze</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block blanket-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" title="Any">Any</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" title="Borrow<T>">Borrow<T></a></li><li><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T
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<p>This can be thought of as the equivalent of <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct std::thread::JoinHandle"><code>std::thread::JoinHandle</code></a>
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for a Tokio task rather than a thread. Note that the background task
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associated with this <code>JoinHandle</code> started running immediately when you
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called spawn, even if you have not yet awaited the <code>JoinHandle</code>.</p>
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<p>A <code>JoinHandle</code> <em>detaches</em> the associated task when it is dropped, which
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means that there is no longer any handle to the task, and no way to <code>join</code>
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on it.</p>
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<p>This <code>struct</code> is created by the <a href="crate::task::spawn()"><code>task::spawn</code></a> and <a href="fn.spawn_blocking.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::spawn_blocking"><code>task::spawn_blocking</code></a>
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functions.</p>
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<h2 id="cancel-safety"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#cancel-safety">§</a>Cancel safety</h2>
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<p>The <code>&mut JoinHandle<T></code> type is cancel safe. If it is used as the event
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in a <code>tokio::select!</code> statement and some other branch completes first,
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then it is guaranteed that the output of the task is not lost.</p>
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<p>If a <code>JoinHandle</code> is dropped, then the task continues running in the
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background and its return value is lost.</p>
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<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
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<p>Creation from <a href="crate::task::spawn()"><code>task::spawn</code></a>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<<span class="kw">_</span>> = task::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="comment">// some work here
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</span>});</code></pre></div>
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<p>Creation from <a href="fn.spawn_blocking.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::spawn_blocking"><code>task::spawn_blocking</code></a>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<<span class="kw">_</span>> = task::spawn_blocking(|| {
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<span class="comment">// some blocking work here
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</span>});</code></pre></div>
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<p>The generic parameter <code>T</code> in <code>JoinHandle<T></code> is the return type of the spawned task.
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If the return value is an <code>i32</code>, the join handle has type <code>JoinHandle<i32></code>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<i32> = task::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="number">5 </span>+ <span class="number">3
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</span>});
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>If the task does not have a return value, the join handle has type <code>JoinHandle<()></code>:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<()> = task::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"I return nothing."</span>);
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});</code></pre></div>
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<p>Note that <code>handle.await</code> doesn’t give you the return type directly. It is wrapped in a
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<code>Result</code> because panics in the spawned task are caught by Tokio. The <code>?</code> operator has
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to be double chained to extract the returned value:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
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<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
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</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() -> io::Result<()> {
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><i32, io::Error>> = tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(<span class="number">5 </span>+ <span class="number">3</span>)
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});
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<span class="kw">let </span>result = join_handle.<span class="kw">await</span><span class="question-mark">??</span>;
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<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(result, <span class="number">8</span>);
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<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
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}</code></pre></div>
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<p>If the task panics, the error is a <a href="struct.JoinError.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinError"><code>JoinError</code></a> that contains the panic:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">use </span>std::io;
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<span class="kw">use </span>std::panic;
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<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
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</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() -> io::Result<()> {
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<span class="kw">let </span>join_handle: task::JoinHandle<<span class="prelude-ty">Result</span><i32, io::Error>> = tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">"boom"</span>);
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});
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<span class="kw">let </span>err = join_handle.<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap_err();
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<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.is_panic());
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<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
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}
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>Child being detached and outliving its parent:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
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<span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time;
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<span class="kw">use </span>std::time::Duration;
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<span class="kw">let </span>original_task = task::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="kw">let </span>_detached_task = task::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="comment">// Here we sleep to make sure that the first task returns before.
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</span>time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="comment">// This will be called, even though the JoinHandle is dropped.
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</span><span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"♫ Still alive ♫"</span>);
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});
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});
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original_task.<span class="kw">await</span>.expect(<span class="string">"The task being joined has panicked"</span>);
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<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Original task is joined."</span>);
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<span class="comment">// We make sure that the new task has time to run, before the main
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// task returns.
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</span>time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">1000</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;</code></pre></div>
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</div></details><h2 id="implementations" class="section-header">Implementations<a href="#implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.abort" class="method"><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.abort" class="fn">abort</a>(&self)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Abort the task associated with the handle.</p>
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<p>Awaiting a cancelled task might complete as usual if the task was
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already completed at the time it was cancelled, but most likely it
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will fail with a <a href="struct.JoinError.html#method.is_cancelled" title="method actix_rt::task::JoinError::is_cancelled">cancelled</a> <code>JoinError</code>.</p>
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<p>Be aware that tasks spawned using <a href="fn.spawn_blocking.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::spawn_blocking"><code>spawn_blocking</code></a> cannot be aborted
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because they are not async. If you call <code>abort</code> on a <code>spawn_blocking</code>
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task, then this <em>will not have any effect</em>, and the task will continue
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running normally. The exception is if the task has not started running
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yet; in that case, calling <code>abort</code> may prevent the task from starting.</p>
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<p>See also <a href="crate::task#cancellation">the module level docs</a> for more information on cancellation.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time;
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<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>handles = Vec::new();
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handles.push(tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="bool-val">true
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</span>}));
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handles.push(tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="bool-val">false
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</span>}));
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<span class="kw">for </span>handle <span class="kw">in </span><span class="kw-2">&</span>handles {
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handle.abort();
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}
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<span class="kw">for </span>handle <span class="kw">in </span>handles {
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<span class="macro">assert!</span>(handle.<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap_err().is_cancelled());
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}</code></pre></div>
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</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.is_finished" class="method"><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.is_finished" class="fn">is_finished</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Checks if the task associated with this <code>JoinHandle</code> has finished.</p>
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<p>Please note that this method can return <code>false</code> even if <a href="struct.JoinHandle.html#method.abort" title="method actix_rt::task::JoinHandle::abort"><code>abort</code></a> has been
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called on the task. This is because the cancellation process may take
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some time, and this method does not return <code>true</code> until it has
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completed.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time;
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<span class="kw">let </span>handle1 = tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="comment">// do some stuff here
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</span>});
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<span class="kw">let </span>handle2 = tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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<span class="comment">// do some other stuff here
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</span>time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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});
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<span class="comment">// Wait for the task to finish
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</span>handle2.abort();
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time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">1</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="macro">assert!</span>(handle1.is_finished());
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<span class="macro">assert!</span>(handle2.is_finished());</code></pre></div>
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</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.abort_handle" class="method"><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.abort_handle" class="fn">abort_handle</a>(&self) -> AbortHandle</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns a new <code>AbortHandle</code> that can be used to remotely abort this task.</p>
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<p>Awaiting a task cancelled by the <code>AbortHandle</code> might complete as usual if the task was
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already completed at the time it was cancelled, but most likely it
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will fail with a <a href="struct.JoinError.html#method.is_cancelled" title="method actix_rt::task::JoinError::is_cancelled">cancelled</a> <code>JoinError</code>.</p>
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<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::{time, task};
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<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>handles = Vec::new();
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handles.push(tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="bool-val">true
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</span>}));
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handles.push(tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
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time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">10</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
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<span class="bool-val">false
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</span>}));
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<span class="kw">let </span>abort_handles: Vec<task::AbortHandle> = handles.iter().map(|h| h.abort_handle()).collect();
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<span class="kw">for </span>handle <span class="kw">in </span>abort_handles {
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handle.abort();
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}
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<span class="kw">for </span>handle <span class="kw">in </span>handles {
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<span class="macro">assert!</span>(handle.<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap_err().is_cancelled());
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}</code></pre></div>
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</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="trait-implementations" class="section-header">Trait Implementations<a href="#trait-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="trait-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Debug-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Debug-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T><div class="where">where
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T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fmt" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.fmt" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fn">fmt</a>(&self, fmt: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a><'_>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Drop-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Drop-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html" title="trait core::ops::drop::Drop">Drop</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.drop" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.drop" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html#tymethod.drop" class="fn">drop</a>(&mut self)</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Executes the destructor for this type. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/drop/trait.Drop.html#tymethod.drop">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Future-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Future-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a href="#associatedtype.Output" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype">Output</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinError.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinError">JoinError</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type of value produced on completion.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.poll" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.poll" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#tymethod.poll" class="fn">poll</a>(
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self: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/pin/struct.Pin.html" title="struct core::pin::Pin">Pin</a><&mut <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T>>,
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cx: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/wake/struct.Context.html" title="struct core::task::wake::Context">Context</a><'_>,
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) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/poll/enum.Poll.html" title="enum core::task::poll::Poll">Poll</a><<<a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T> as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Attempts to resolve the future to a final value, registering
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the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#tymethod.poll">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><section id="impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section><section id="impl-Send-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Send-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T><div class="where">where
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T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>,</div></h3></section><section id="impl-Sync-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Sync-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T><div class="where">where
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T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>,</div></h3></section><section id="impl-Unpin-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section><section id="impl-UnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section></div><h2 id="synthetic-implementations" class="section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<a href="#synthetic-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="synthetic-implementations-list"><section id="impl-Freeze-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-JoinHandle%3CT%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Freeze.html" title="trait core::marker::Freeze">Freeze</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a><T></h3></section></div><h2 id="blanket-implementations" class="section-header">Blanket Implementations<a href="#blanket-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="blanket-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Any-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#138">source</a><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T<div class="where">where
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T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.type_id" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/any.rs.html#139">source</a><a href="#method.type_id" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id" class="fn">type_id</a>(&self) -> <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#209">source</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a><T> for T<div class="where">where
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T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#211">source</a><a href="#method.borrow" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow" class="fn">borrow</a>(&self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#217">source</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a><T> for T<div class="where">where
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T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow_mut" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218">source</a><a href="#method.borrow_mut" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut" class="fn">borrow_mut</a>(&mut self) -> <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#765">source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for T</h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#768">source</a><a href="#method.from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(t: T) -> T</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the argument unchanged.</p>
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</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-FutureExt-for-T" class="impl"><a href="#impl-FutureExt-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T> FutureExt for T<div class="where">where
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T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.map" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.map" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">map</a><U, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>) -> U,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Map this future’s output to a different type, returning a new future of
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the resulting type. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.map_into" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.map_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">map_into</a><U>(self) -> MapInto<Self, U><div class="where">where
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Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><U>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Map this future’s output to a different type, returning a new future of
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the resulting type. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.then" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.then" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">then</a><Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> Then<Self, Fut, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>) -> Fut,
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Fut: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Chain on a computation for when a future finished, passing the result of
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the future to the provided closure <code>f</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.left_future" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.left_future" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">left_future</a><B>(self) -> Either<Self, B><div class="where">where
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B: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a><Output = Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Wrap this future in an <code>Either</code> future, making it the left-hand variant
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of that <code>Either</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.right_future" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.right_future" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">right_future</a><A>(self) -> Either<A, Self><div class="where">where
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A: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a><Output = Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Wrap this future in an <code>Either</code> future, making it the right-hand variant
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of that <code>Either</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_stream" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.into_stream" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">into_stream</a>(self) -> IntoStream<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Convert this future into a single element stream. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.flatten" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.flatten" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">flatten</a>(self) -> Flatten<Self><div class="where">where
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Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Flatten the execution of this future when the output of this
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future is itself another future. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.flatten_stream" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.flatten_stream" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">flatten_stream</a>(self) -> FlattenStream<Self><div class="where">where
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Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>: Stream,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this
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future is a stream. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fuse" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.fuse" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">fuse</a>(self) -> Fuse<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Fuse a future such that <code>poll</code> will never again be called once it has
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completed. This method can be used to turn any <code>Future</code> into a
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<code>FusedFuture</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.inspect" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.inspect" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">inspect</a><F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(&Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>),
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Do something with the output of a future before passing it on. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.catch_unwind" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.catch_unwind" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">catch_unwind</a>(self) -> CatchUnwind<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Catches unwinding panics while polling the future. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.shared" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.shared" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">shared</a>(self) -> Shared<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,
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Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/clone/trait.Clone.html" title="trait core::clone::Clone">Clone</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Create a cloneable handle to this future where all handles will resolve
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to the same result. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.boxed" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.boxed" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">boxed</a><'a>(self) -> <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/pin/struct.Pin.html" title="struct core::pin::Pin">Pin</a><<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a><dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a><Output = Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'a>><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'a,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Wrap the future in a Box, pinning it. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.boxed_local" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.boxed_local" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">boxed_local</a><'a>(self) -> <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/pin/struct.Pin.html" title="struct core::pin::Pin">Pin</a><<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html" title="struct alloc::boxed::Box">Box</a><dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a><Output = Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>> + 'a>><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a> + 'a,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Wrap the future in a Box, pinning it. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.unit_error" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.unit_error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">unit_error</a>(self) -> UnitError<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Turns a <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future"><code>Future<Output = T></code></a> into a
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<a href="futures_core::future::TryFuture"><code>TryFuture<Ok = T, Error = ()</code>></a>.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.never_error" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.never_error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">never_error</a>(self) -> NeverError<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Turns a <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future"><code>Future<Output = T></code></a> into a
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<a href="futures_core::future::TryFuture"><code>TryFuture<Ok = T, Error = Never</code>></a>.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.poll_unpin" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.poll_unpin" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">poll_unpin</a>(&mut self, cx: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/wake/struct.Context.html" title="struct core::task::wake::Context">Context</a><'_>) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/poll/enum.Poll.html" title="enum core::task::poll::Poll">Poll</a><Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>A convenience for calling <code>Future::poll</code> on <code>Unpin</code> future types.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.now_or_never" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.now_or_never" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">now_or_never</a>(self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a><Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Evaluates and consumes the future, returning the resulting output if
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the future is ready after the first call to <code>Future::poll</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#748-750">source</a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><U> for T<div class="where">where
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U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#758">source</a><a href="#method.into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into" class="fn">into</a>(self) -> U</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>U::from(self)</code>.</p>
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<p>That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of
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<code><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a><T> for U</code> chooses to do.</p>
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</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-IntoFuture-for-F" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/future/into_future.rs.html#138">source</a><a href="#impl-IntoFuture-for-F" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<F> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html" title="trait core::future::into_future::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a> for F<div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Output-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/future/into_future.rs.html#139">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Output-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype">Output</a> = <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The output that the future will produce on completion.</div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.IntoFuture" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/future/into_future.rs.html#140">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.IntoFuture" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#associatedtype.IntoFuture" class="associatedtype">IntoFuture</a> = F</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Which kind of future are we turning this into?</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_future" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/future/into_future.rs.html#142">source</a><a href="#method.into_future" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#tymethod.into_future" class="fn">into_future</a>(self) -> <F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html" title="trait core::future::into_future::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#associatedtype.IntoFuture" title="type core::future::into_future::IntoFuture::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Creates a future from a value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#tymethod.into_future">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#805-807">source</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U> for T<div class="where">where
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U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><T>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#809">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#812">source</a><a href="#method.try_from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from" class="fn">try_from</a>(value: U) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, <T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><U>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFuture-for-F" class="impl"><a href="#impl-TryFuture-for-F" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<F, T, E> TryFuture for F<div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a><Output = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><T, E>> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Ok" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a href="#associatedtype.Ok" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a class="associatedtype">Ok</a> = T</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type of successful values yielded by this future</div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-2" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a href="#associatedtype.Error-2" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a class="associatedtype">Error</a> = E</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type of failures yielded by this future</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_poll" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.try_poll" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">try_poll</a>(
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self: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/pin/struct.Pin.html" title="struct core::pin::Pin">Pin</a><<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.reference.html">&mut F</a>>,
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cx: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/wake/struct.Context.html" title="struct core::task::wake::Context">Context</a><'_>,
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) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/poll/enum.Poll.html" title="enum core::task::poll::Poll">Poll</a><<F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Poll this <code>TryFuture</code> as if it were a <code>Future</code>. <a>Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFutureExt-for-Fut" class="impl"><a href="#impl-TryFutureExt-for-Fut" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<Fut> TryFutureExt for Fut<div class="where">where
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Fut: TryFuture + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.map_ok" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.map_ok" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">map_ok</a><T, F>(self, f: F) -> MapOk<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Ok) -> T,
|
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Maps this future’s success value to a different value. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.map_ok_or_else" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.map_ok_or_else" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">map_ok_or_else</a><T, E, F>(self, e: E, f: F) -> MapOkOrElse<Self, F, E><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Ok) -> T,
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E: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Error) -> T,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Maps this future’s success value to a different value, and permits for error handling resulting in the same type. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.map_err" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.map_err" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">map_err</a><E, F>(self, f: F) -> MapErr<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Error) -> E,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Maps this future’s error value to a different value. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.err_into" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.err_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">err_into</a><E>(self) -> ErrInto<Self, E><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,
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Self::Error: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><E>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Maps this future’s <a href="TryFuture::Error"><code>Error</code></a> to a new error type
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using the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into"><code>Into</code></a> trait. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.ok_into" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.ok_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">ok_into</a><U>(self) -> OkInto<Self, U><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,
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Self::Ok: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a><U>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Maps this future’s <a href="TryFuture::Ok"><code>Ok</code></a> to a new type
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using the <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into"><code>Into</code></a> trait.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.and_then" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.and_then" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">and_then</a><Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> AndThen<Self, Fut, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Ok) -> Fut,
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Fut: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Executes another future after this one resolves successfully. The
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success value is passed to a closure to create this subsequent future. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.or_else" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.or_else" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">or_else</a><Fut, F>(self, f: F) -> OrElse<Self, Fut, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Error) -> Fut,
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Fut: TryFuture<Ok = Self::Ok>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Executes another future if this one resolves to an error. The
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error value is passed to a closure to create this subsequent future. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.inspect_ok" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.inspect_ok" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">inspect_ok</a><F>(self, f: F) -> InspectOk<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(&Self::Ok),
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Do something with the success value of a future before passing it on. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.inspect_err" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.inspect_err" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">inspect_err</a><F>(self, f: F) -> InspectErr<Self, F><div class="where">where
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(&Self::Error),
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Do something with the error value of a future before passing it on. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_flatten" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.try_flatten" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">try_flatten</a>(self) -> TryFlatten<Self, Self::Ok><div class="where">where
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Self::Ok: TryFuture<Error = Self::Error>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this
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future is another future. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_flatten_stream" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.try_flatten_stream" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">try_flatten_stream</a>(self) -> TryFlattenStream<Self><div class="where">where
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Self::Ok: TryStream<Error = Self::Error>,
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Flatten the execution of this future when the successful result of this
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future is a stream. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.unwrap_or_else" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.unwrap_or_else" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">unwrap_or_else</a><F>(self, f: F) -> UnwrapOrElse<Self, F><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,
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F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>(Self::Error) -> Self::Ok,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Unwraps this future’s output, producing a future with this future’s
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<a href="TryFuture::Ok"><code>Ok</code></a> type as its
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<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="associated type core::future::future::Future::Output"><code>Output</code></a> type. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_future-1" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.into_future-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">into_future</a>(self) -> IntoFuture<Self><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Wraps a [<code>TryFuture</code>] into a type that implements
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<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future"><code>Future</code></a>. <a>Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_poll_unpin" class="method trait-impl"><a href="#method.try_poll_unpin" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a class="fn">try_poll_unpin</a>(
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&mut self,
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cx: &mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/wake/struct.Context.html" title="struct core::task::wake::Context">Context</a><'_>,
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) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/task/poll/enum.Poll.html" title="enum core::task::poll::Poll">Poll</a><<a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><Self::Ok, Self::Error>><div class="where">where
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Self: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>A convenience method for calling [<code>TryFuture::try_poll</code>] on <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin"><code>Unpin</code></a>
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future types.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#790-792">source</a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl<T, U> <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a><U> for T<div class="where">where
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U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#794">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#797">source</a><a href="#method.try_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into" class="fn">try_into</a>(self) -> <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a><U, <U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a><T>>::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details></div></section></div></main></body></html>
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