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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Marks async entry-point function to be executed by Actix system."><title>main in actix_rt - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc attr"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">main</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate actix_<wbr>rt</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">actix_rt</a></span><h1>Attribute Macro <span class="attr">main</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>#[main]</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Marks async entry-point function to be executed by Actix system.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="attr">#[actix_rt::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"Hello world"</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Marks async test function to be executed in an Actix system."><title>test in actix_rt - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc attr"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">test</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate actix_<wbr>rt</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">actix_rt</a></span><h1>Attribute Macro <span class="attr">test</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>#[test]</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Marks async test function to be executed in an Actix system.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="attr">#[actix_rt::test]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>my_test() {
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(<span class="bool-val">true</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Spawns a future on the current thread as a new task."><title>spawn in actix_rt - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">spawn</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate actix_<wbr>rt</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">actix_rt</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">spawn</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/actix_rt/lib.rs.html#203-209">source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn spawn&lt;Fut&gt;(f: Fut) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="task/struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a>&lt;Fut::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>&gt; <a href="#" class="tooltip" data-notable-ty="JoinHandle&lt;Fut::Output&gt;">ⓘ</a><div class="where">where
Fut: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future">Future</a> + 'static,
Fut::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type core::future::future::Future::Output">Output</a>: 'static,</div></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Spawns a future on the current thread as a new task.</p>
<p>If not immediately awaited, the task can be cancelled using <a href="task/struct.JoinHandle.html#method.abort" title="method actix_rt::task::JoinHandle::abort"><code>JoinHandle::abort</code></a>.</p>
<p>The provided future is spawned as a new task; therefore, panics are caught.</p>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>Panics if Actix system is not running.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="comment">// task resolves successfully
</span><span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(actix_rt::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{ <span class="number">1 </span>}).<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap(), <span class="number">1</span>);
<span class="comment">// task panics
</span><span class="macro">assert!</span>(actix_rt::spawn(<span class="kw">async </span>{
<span class="macro">panic!</span>(<span class="string">"panic is caught at task boundary"</span>);
})
.<span class="kw">await
</span>.unwrap_err()
.is_panic());
<span class="comment">// task is cancelled before completion
</span><span class="kw">let </span>handle = actix_rt::spawn(actix_rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">100</span>)));
handle.abort();
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(handle.<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap_err().is_cancelled());</code></pre></div>
</div></details><script type="text/json" id="notable-traits-data">{"JoinHandle<Fut::Output>":"<h3>Notable traits for <code><a class=\"struct\" href=\"task/struct.JoinHandle.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle\">JoinHandle</a>&lt;T&gt;</code></h3><pre><code><div class=\"where\">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a> for <a class=\"struct\" href=\"task/struct.JoinHandle.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle\">JoinHandle</a>&lt;T&gt;</div><div class=\"where\"> type <a href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" class=\"associatedtype\">Output</a> = <a class=\"enum\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html\" title=\"enum core::result::Result\">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class=\"struct\" href=\"task/struct.JoinError.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinError\">JoinError</a>&gt;;</div>"}</script></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Tokio-based single-threaded async runtime for the Actix ecosystem."><title>actix_rt - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="../crates.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc mod crate"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><ul class="block"><li><a id="all-types" href="all.html">All Items</a></li></ul><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#io-uring-support" title="`io-uring` Support"><code>io-uring</code> Support</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#modules">Crate Items</a></h3><ul class="block"><li><a href="#modules" title="Modules">Modules</a></li><li><a href="#macros" title="Macros">Macros</a></li><li><a href="#structs" title="Structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#functions" title="Functions">Functions</a></li><li><a href="#attributes" title="Attribute Macros">Attribute Macros</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Crate <span>actix_rt</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/actix_rt/lib.rs.html#1-209">source</a> </span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Tokio-based single-threaded async runtime for the Actix ecosystem.</p>
<p>In most parts of the the Actix ecosystem, it has been chosen to use !Send futures. For this
reason, a single-threaded runtime is appropriate since it is guaranteed that futures will not
be moved between threads. This can result in small performance improvements over cases where
atomics would otherwise be needed.</p>
<p>To achieve similar performance to multi-threaded, work-stealing runtimes, applications
using <code>actix-rt</code> will create multiple, mostly disconnected, single-threaded runtimes.
This approach has good performance characteristics for workloads where the majority of tasks
have similar runtime expense.</p>
<p>The disadvantage is that idle threads will not steal work from very busy, stuck or otherwise
backlogged threads. Tasks that are disproportionately expensive should be offloaded to the
blocking task thread-pool using <a href="task/fn.spawn_blocking.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::spawn_blocking"><code>task::spawn_blocking</code></a>.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>std::sync::mpsc;
<span class="kw">use </span>actix_rt::{Arbiter, System};
<span class="kw">let _ </span>= System::new();
<span class="kw">let </span>(tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::&lt;u32&gt;();
<span class="kw">let </span>arbiter = Arbiter::new();
arbiter.spawn_fn(<span class="kw">move </span>|| tx.send(<span class="number">42</span>).unwrap());
<span class="kw">let </span>num = rx.recv().unwrap();
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(num, <span class="number">42</span>);
arbiter.stop();
arbiter.join().unwrap();</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="io-uring-support"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#io-uring-support">§</a><code>io-uring</code> Support</h2>
<p>There is experimental support for using io-uring with this crate by enabling the
<code>io-uring</code> feature. For now, it is semver exempt.</p>
<p>Note that there are currently some unimplemented parts of using <code>actix-rt</code> with <code>io-uring</code>.
In particular, when running a <code>System</code>, only <code>System::block_on</code> is supported.</p>
</div></details><h2 id="modules" class="section-header">Modules<a href="#modules" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="net/index.html" title="mod actix_rt::net">net</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">TCP/UDP/Unix bindings (mostly Tokio re-exports).</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="signal/index.html" title="mod actix_rt::signal">signal</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Asynchronous signal handling (Tokio re-exports).</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="task/index.html" title="mod actix_rt::task">task</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Task management (Tokio re-exports).</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="time/index.html" title="mod actix_rt::time">time</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Utilities for tracking time (Tokio re-exports).</div></li></ul><h2 id="macros" class="section-header">Macros<a href="#macros" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="macro" href="macro.pin.html" title="macro actix_rt::pin">pin</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Pins a value on the stack.</div></li></ul><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Arbiter.html" title="struct actix_rt::Arbiter">Arbiter</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An Arbiter represents a thread that provides an asynchronous execution environment for futures
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Pins a value on the stack."><title>pin in actix_rt - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc macro"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">pin</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#usage" title="Usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2 class="in-crate"><a href="index.html">In crate actix_<wbr>rt</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">actix_rt</a></span><h1>Macro <span class="macro">pin</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><span class="macro">macro_rules!</span> pin {
($(<span class="macro-nonterminal">$x</span>:ident),<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; { ... };
($(
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="macro-nonterminal">$x</span>:ident = <span class="macro-nonterminal">$init</span>:expr;
)<span class="kw-2">*</span>) =&gt; { ... };
}</pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Pins a value on the stack.</p>
<p>Calls to <code>async fn</code> return anonymous <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html" title="trait core::future::future::Future"><code>Future</code></a> values that are <code>!Unpin</code>.
These values must be pinned before they can be polled. Calling <code>.await</code> will
handle this, but consumes the future. If it is required to call <code>.await</code> on
a <code>&amp;mut _</code> reference, the caller is responsible for pinning the future.</p>
<p>Pinning may be done by allocating with <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/alloc/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.pin" title="associated function alloc::boxed::Box::pin"><code>Box::pin</code></a> or by using the stack
with the <code>pin!</code> macro.</p>
<p>The following will <strong>fail to compile</strong>:</p>
<div class="example-wrap compile_fail"><a href="#" class="tooltip" title="This example deliberately fails to compile">ⓘ</a><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">async fn </span>my_async_fn() {
<span class="comment">// async logic here
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>future = my_async_fn();
(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future).<span class="kw">await</span>;
}</code></pre></div>
<p>To make this work requires pinning:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::pin;
<span class="kw">async fn </span>my_async_fn() {
<span class="comment">// async logic here
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span>future = my_async_fn();
<span class="macro">pin!</span>(future);
(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future).<span class="kw">await</span>;
}</code></pre></div>
<p>Pinning is useful when using <code>select!</code> and stream operators that require <code>T: Stream + Unpin</code>.</p>
<h2 id="usage"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#usage">§</a>Usage</h2>
<p>The <code>pin!</code> macro takes <strong>identifiers</strong> as arguments. It does <strong>not</strong> work
with expressions.</p>
<p>The following does not compile as an expression is passed to <code>pin!</code>.</p>
<div class="example-wrap compile_fail"><a href="#" class="tooltip" title="This example deliberately fails to compile">ⓘ</a><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">async fn </span>my_async_fn() {
<span class="comment">// async logic here
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>future = <span class="macro">pin!</span>(my_async_fn());
(<span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future).<span class="kw">await</span>;
}</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Using with select:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::{pin, select};
<span class="kw">use </span>tokio_stream::{<span class="self">self </span><span class="kw">as </span>stream, StreamExt};
<span class="kw">async fn </span>my_async_fn() {
<span class="comment">// async logic here
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>stream = stream::iter(<span class="macro">vec!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]);
<span class="kw">let </span>future = my_async_fn();
<span class="macro">pin!</span>(future);
<span class="kw">loop </span>{
<span class="macro">select!</span> {
<span class="kw">_ </span>= <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future =&gt; {
<span class="comment">// Stop looping `future` will be polled after completion
</span><span class="kw">break</span>;
}
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(val) = stream.next() =&gt; {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"got value = {}"</span>, val);
}
}
}
}</code></pre></div>
<p>Because assigning to a variable followed by pinning is common, there is also
a variant of the macro that supports doing both in one go.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::{pin, select};
<span class="kw">async fn </span>my_async_fn() {
<span class="comment">// async logic here
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="macro">pin!</span> {
<span class="kw">let </span>future1 = my_async_fn();
<span class="kw">let </span>future2 = my_async_fn();
}
<span class="macro">select!</span> {
<span class="kw">_ </span>= <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future1 =&gt; {}
<span class="kw">_ </span>= <span class="kw-2">&amp;mut </span>future2 =&gt; {}
}
}</code></pre></div>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Completes when a “ctrl-c” notification is sent to the process."><title>ctrl_c in actix_rt::signal - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">ctrl_c</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#caveats" title="Caveats">Caveats</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>signal</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">signal</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">ctrl_c</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub async fn ctrl_c() -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/io/error/struct.Error.html" title="struct std::io::error::Error">Error</a>&gt;</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Completes when a “ctrl-c” notification is sent to the process.</p>
<p>While signals are handled very differently between Unix and Windows, both
platforms support receiving a signal on “ctrl-c”. This function provides a
portable API for receiving this notification.</p>
<p>Once the returned future is polled, a listener is registered. The future
will complete on the first received <code>ctrl-c</code> <strong>after</strong> the initial call to
either <code>Future::poll</code> or <code>.await</code>.</p>
<h2 id="caveats"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#caveats">§</a>Caveats</h2>
<p>On Unix platforms, the first time that a <code>Signal</code> instance is registered for a
particular signal kind, an OS signal-handler is installed which replaces the
default platform behavior when that signal is received, <strong>for the duration of
the entire process</strong>.</p>
<p>For example, Unix systems will terminate a process by default when it
receives a signal generated by <code>"CTRL+C"</code> on the terminal. But, when a
<code>ctrl_c</code> stream is created to listen for this signal, the time it arrives,
it will be translated to a stream event, and the process will continue to
execute. <strong>Even if this <code>Signal</code> instance is dropped, subsequent <code>SIGINT</code>
deliveries will end up captured by Tokio, and the default platform behavior
will NOT be reset</strong>.</p>
<p>Thus, applications should take care to ensure the expected signal behavior
occurs as expected after listening for specific signals.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::signal;
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"waiting for ctrl-c"</span>);
signal::ctrl_c().<span class="kw">await</span>.expect(<span class="string">"failed to listen for event"</span>);
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"received ctrl-c event"</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
<p>Listen in the background:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code>tokio::spawn(<span class="kw">async move </span>{
tokio::signal::ctrl_c().<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap();
<span class="comment">// Your handler here
</span>});</code></pre></div>
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</div></details><h2 id="modules" class="section-header">Modules<a href="#modules" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="unix/index.html" title="mod actix_rt::signal::unix">unix</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Unix specific signals (Tokio re-exports).</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.ctrl_c.html" title="fn actix_rt::signal::ctrl_c">ctrl_c</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Completes when a “ctrl-c” notification is sent to the process.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>

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process receives the specified signal <code>kind</code>.</p>
<p>This function will create a new stream which binds to the default reactor.
The <code>Signal</code> stream is an infinite stream which will receive
notifications whenever a signal is received. More documentation can be
found on <code>Signal</code> itself, but to reiterate:</p>
<ul>
<li>Signals may be coalesced beyond what the kernel already does.</li>
<li>Once a signal handler is registered with the process the underlying
libc signal handler is never unregistered.</li>
</ul>
<p>A <code>Signal</code> stream can be created for a particular signal number
multiple times. When a signal is received then all the associated
channels will receive the signal notification.</p>
<h2 id="errors"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#errors">§</a>Errors</h2>
<ul>
<li>If the lower-level C functions fail for some reason.</li>
<li>If the previous initialization of this specific signal failed.</li>
<li>If the signal is one of
<a href="fn@signal_hook_registry::register#panics"><code>signal_hook::FORBIDDEN</code></a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if there is no current reactor set, or if the <code>rt</code>
feature flag is not enabled.</p>
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</div></details><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Signal.html" title="struct actix_rt::signal::unix::Signal">Signal</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An listener for receiving a particular type of OS signal.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.SignalKind.html" title="struct actix_rt::signal::unix::SignalKind">Signal<wbr>Kind</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Represents the specific kind of signal to listen for.</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.signal.html" title="fn actix_rt::signal::unix::signal">signal</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Creates a new listener which will receive notifications when the current
process receives the specified signal <code>kind</code>.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Runs the provided closure on a thread where blocking is acceptable."><title>spawn_blocking in actix_rt::task - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">spawn_<wbr>blocking</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#related-apis-and-patterns-for-bridging-asynchronous-and-blocking-code" title="Related APIs and patterns for bridging asynchronous and blocking code">Related APIs and patterns for bridging asynchronous and blocking code</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>task</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">task</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">spawn_blocking</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn spawn_blocking&lt;F, R&gt;(f: F) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">JoinHandle</a>&lt;R&gt; <a href="#" class="tooltip" data-notable-ty="JoinHandle&lt;R&gt;">ⓘ</a><div class="where">where
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/ops/function/trait.FnOnce.html" title="trait core::ops::function::FnOnce">FnOnce</a>() -&gt; R + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static,
R: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + 'static,</div></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Runs the provided closure on a thread where blocking is acceptable.</p>
<p>In general, issuing a blocking call or performing a lot of compute in a
future without yielding is problematic, as it may prevent the executor from
driving other futures forward. This function runs the provided closure on a
thread dedicated to blocking operations. See the <a href="../index.html#cpu-bound-tasks-and-blocking-code">CPU-bound tasks and
blocking code</a> section for more information.</p>
<p>Tokio will spawn more blocking threads when they are requested through this
function until the upper limit configured on the <a href="struct@crate::runtime::Builder"><code>Builder</code></a> is reached.
After reaching the upper limit, the tasks are put in a queue.
The thread limit is very large by default, because <code>spawn_blocking</code> is often
used for various kinds of IO operations that cannot be performed
asynchronously. When you run CPU-bound code using <code>spawn_blocking</code>, you
should keep this large upper limit in mind. When running many CPU-bound
computations, a semaphore or some other synchronization primitive should be
used to limit the number of computation executed in parallel. Specialized
CPU-bound executors, such as <a href="https://docs.rs/rayon">rayon</a>, may also be a good fit.</p>
<p>This function is intended for non-async operations that eventually finish on
their own. If you want to spawn an ordinary thread, you should use
<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/thread/fn.spawn.html" title="fn std::thread::spawn"><code>thread::spawn</code></a> instead.</p>
<p>Be aware that tasks spawned using <code>spawn_blocking</code> cannot be aborted
because they are not async. If you call <a href="struct.JoinHandle.html#method.abort" title="method actix_rt::task::JoinHandle::abort"><code>abort</code></a> on a <code>spawn_blocking</code>
task, then this <em>will not have any effect</em>, and the task will continue
running normally. The exception is if the task has not started running
yet; in that case, calling <code>abort</code> may prevent the task from starting.</p>
<p>When you shut down the executor, it will wait indefinitely for all blocking operations to
finish. You can use <a href="fn@crate::runtime::Runtime::shutdown_timeout"><code>shutdown_timeout</code></a> to stop waiting for them after a
certain timeout. Be aware that this will still not cancel the tasks — they
are simply allowed to keep running after the method returns. It is possible
for a blocking task to be cancelled if it has not yet started running, but this
is not guaranteed.</p>
<p>Note that if you are using the single threaded runtime, this function will
still spawn additional threads for blocking operations. The current-thread
scheduler’s single thread is only used for asynchronous code.</p>
<h2 id="related-apis-and-patterns-for-bridging-asynchronous-and-blocking-code"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#related-apis-and-patterns-for-bridging-asynchronous-and-blocking-code">§</a>Related APIs and patterns for bridging asynchronous and blocking code</h2>
<p>In simple cases, it is sufficient to have the closure accept input
parameters at creation time and return a single value (or struct/tuple, etc.).</p>
<p>For more complex situations in which it is desirable to stream data to or from
the synchronous context, the <a href="crate::sync::mpsc"><code>mpsc channel</code></a> has <code>blocking_send</code> and
<code>blocking_recv</code> methods for use in non-async code such as the thread created
by <code>spawn_blocking</code>.</p>
<p>Another option is <a href="https://docs.rs/tokio-util/latest/tokio_util/io/struct.SyncIoBridge.html"><code>SyncIoBridge</code></a> for cases where the synchronous context
is operating on byte streams. For example, you might use an asynchronous
HTTP client such as <a href="https://docs.rs/hyper">hyper</a> to fetch data, but perform complex parsing
of the payload body using a library written for synchronous I/O.</p>
<p>Finally, see also <a href="https://tokio.rs/tokio/topics/bridging">Bridging with sync code</a> for discussions
around the opposite case of using Tokio as part of a larger synchronous
codebase.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Pass an input value and receive result of computation:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
<span class="comment">// Initial input
</span><span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>v = <span class="string">"Hello, "</span>.to_string();
<span class="kw">let </span>res = task::spawn_blocking(<span class="kw">move </span>|| {
<span class="comment">// Stand-in for compute-heavy work or using synchronous APIs
</span>v.push_str(<span class="string">"world"</span>);
<span class="comment">// Pass ownership of the value back to the asynchronous context
</span>v
}).<span class="kw">await</span><span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="comment">// `res` is the value returned from the thread
</span><span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(res.as_str(), <span class="string">"Hello, world"</span>);</code></pre></div>
<p>Use a channel:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::task;
<span class="kw">use </span>tokio::sync::mpsc;
<span class="kw">let </span>(tx, <span class="kw-2">mut </span>rx) = mpsc::channel(<span class="number">2</span>);
<span class="kw">let </span>start = <span class="number">5</span>;
<span class="kw">let </span>worker = task::spawn_blocking(<span class="kw">move </span>|| {
<span class="kw">for </span>x <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">10 </span>{
<span class="comment">// Stand in for complex computation
</span>tx.blocking_send(start + x).unwrap();
}
});
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>acc = <span class="number">0</span>;
<span class="kw">while let </span><span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(v) = rx.recv().<span class="kw">await </span>{
acc += v;
}
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(acc, <span class="number">95</span>);
worker.<span class="kw">await</span>.unwrap();</code></pre></div>
</div></details><script type="text/json" id="notable-traits-data">{"JoinHandle<R>":"<h3>Notable traits for <code><a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.JoinHandle.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle\">JoinHandle</a>&lt;T&gt;</code></h3><pre><code><div class=\"where\">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a> for <a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.JoinHandle.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle\">JoinHandle</a>&lt;T&gt;</div><div class=\"where\"> type <a href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" class=\"associatedtype\">Output</a> = <a class=\"enum\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html\" title=\"enum core::result::Result\">Result</a>&lt;T, <a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.JoinError.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::task::JoinError\">JoinError</a>&gt;;</div>"}</script></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Yields execution back to the Tokio runtime."><title>yield_now in actix_rt::task - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">yield_<wbr>now</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#non-guarantees" title="Non-guarantees">Non-guarantees</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>task</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">task</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">yield_now</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub async fn yield_now()</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Yields execution back to the Tokio runtime.</p>
<p>A task yields by awaiting on <code>yield_now()</code>, and may resume when that future
completes (with no output.) The current task will be re-added as a pending
task at the <em>back</em> of the pending queue. Any other pending tasks will be
scheduled. No other waking is required for the task to continue.</p>
<p>See also the usage example in the <a href="index.html#yield_now">task module</a>.</p>
<h3 id="non-guarantees"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#non-guarantees">§</a>Non-guarantees</h3>
<p>This function may not yield all the way up to the executor if there are any
special combinators above it in the call stack. For example, if a
<a href="macro@crate::select"><code>tokio::select!</code></a> has another branch complete during the same poll as the
<code>yield_now()</code>, then the yield is not propagated all the way up to the
runtime.</p>
<p>It is generally not guaranteed that the runtime behaves like you expect it
to when deciding which task to schedule next after a call to <code>yield_now()</code>.
In particular, the runtime may choose to poll the task that just ran
<code>yield_now()</code> again immediately without polling any other tasks first. For
example, the runtime will not drive the IO driver between every poll of a
task, and this could result in the runtime polling the current task again
immediately even if there is another task that could make progress if that
other task is waiting for a notification from the IO driver.</p>
<p>In general, changes to the order in which the runtime polls tasks is not
considered a breaking change, and your program should be correct no matter
which order the runtime polls your tasks in.</p>
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</div></details><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.JoinError.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinError">Join<wbr>Error</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Task failed to execute to completion.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.JoinHandle.html" title="struct actix_rt::task::JoinHandle">Join<wbr>Handle</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An owned permission to join on a task (await its termination).</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.spawn_blocking.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::spawn_blocking">spawn_<wbr>blocking</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Runs the provided closure on a thread where blocking is acceptable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.yield_now.html" title="fn actix_rt::task::yield_now">yield_<wbr>now</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Yields execution back to the Tokio runtime.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Creates new `Interval` that yields with interval of `period`. The first tick completes immediately. The default `MissedTickBehavior` is `Burst`, but this can be configured by calling `set_missed_tick_behavior`."><title>interval in actix_rt::time - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">interval</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>time</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">time</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">interval</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn interval(period: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/time/struct.Duration.html" title="struct core::time::Duration">Duration</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval">Interval</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates new <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> that yields with interval of <code>period</code>. The first
tick completes immediately. The default [<code>MissedTickBehavior</code>] is
<a href="MissedTickBehavior::Burst"><code>Burst</code></a>, but this can be configured
by calling <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.set_missed_tick_behavior" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior"><code>set_missed_tick_behavior</code></a>.</p>
<p>An interval will tick indefinitely. At any time, the <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> value can
be dropped. This cancels the interval.</p>
<p>This function is equivalent to
<a href="fn.interval_at.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval_at"><code>interval_at(Instant::now(), period)</code></a>.</p>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if <code>period</code> is zero.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time::{<span class="self">self</span>, Duration};
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>interval = time::interval(Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">10</span>));
interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks immediately
</span>interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks after 10ms
</span>interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks after 10ms
// approximately 20ms have elapsed.
</span>}</code></pre></div>
<p>A simple example using <code>interval</code> to execute a task every two seconds.</p>
<p>The difference between <code>interval</code> and <a href="fn.sleep.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep"><code>sleep</code></a> is that an <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a>
measures the time since the last tick, which means that <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.tick" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::tick"><code>.tick().await</code></a>
may wait for a shorter time than the duration specified for the interval
if some time has passed between calls to <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.tick" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::tick"><code>.tick().await</code></a>.</p>
<p>If the tick in the example below was replaced with <a href="fn.sleep.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep"><code>sleep</code></a>, the task
would only be executed once every three seconds, and not every two
seconds.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time;
<span class="kw">async fn </span>task_that_takes_a_second() {
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"hello"</span>);
time::sleep(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">1</span>)).<span class="kw">await
</span>}
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>interval = time::interval(time::Duration::from_secs(<span class="number">2</span>));
<span class="kw">for </span>_i <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..<span class="number">5 </span>{
interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>;
task_that_takes_a_second().<span class="kw">await</span>;
}
}</code></pre></div>
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Creates new `Interval` that yields with interval of `period` with the first tick completing at `start`. The default `MissedTickBehavior` is `Burst`, but this can be configured by calling `set_missed_tick_behavior`."><title>interval_at in actix_rt::time - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">interval_<wbr>at</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>time</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">time</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">interval_at</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn interval_at(start: <a class="struct" href="struct.Instant.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Instant">Instant</a>, period: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/time/struct.Duration.html" title="struct core::time::Duration">Duration</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval">Interval</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates new <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> that yields with interval of <code>period</code> with the
first tick completing at <code>start</code>. The default [<code>MissedTickBehavior</code>] is
<a href="MissedTickBehavior::Burst"><code>Burst</code></a>, but this can be configured
by calling <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.set_missed_tick_behavior" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior"><code>set_missed_tick_behavior</code></a>.</p>
<p>An interval will tick indefinitely. At any time, the <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> value can
be dropped. This cancels the interval.</p>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if <code>period</code> is zero.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time::{interval_at, Duration, Instant};
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
<span class="kw">let </span>start = Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">50</span>);
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>interval = interval_at(start, Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">10</span>));
interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks after 50ms
</span>interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks after 10ms
</span>interval.tick().<span class="kw">await</span>; <span class="comment">// ticks after 10ms
// approximately 70ms have elapsed.
</span>}</code></pre></div>
</div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Waits until `duration` has elapsed."><title>sleep in actix_rt::time - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">sleep</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#cancellation" title="Cancellation">Cancellation</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>time</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">time</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">sleep</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn sleep(duration: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/time/struct.Duration.html" title="struct core::time::Duration">Duration</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Sleep.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Sleep">Sleep</a> <a href="#" class="tooltip" data-notable-ty="Sleep">ⓘ</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Waits until <code>duration</code> has elapsed.</p>
<p>Equivalent to <code>sleep_until(Instant::now() + duration)</code>. An asynchronous
analog to <code>std::thread::sleep</code>.</p>
<p>No work is performed while awaiting on the sleep future to complete. <code>Sleep</code>
operates at millisecond granularity and should not be used for tasks that
require high-resolution timers. The implementation is platform specific,
and some platforms (specifically Windows) will provide timers with a
larger resolution than 1 ms.</p>
<p>To run something regularly on a schedule, see <a href="fn.interval.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval"><code>interval</code></a>.</p>
<p>The maximum duration for a sleep is 68719476734 milliseconds (approximately 2.2 years).</p>
<h2 id="cancellation"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#cancellation">§</a>Cancellation</h2>
<p>Canceling a sleep instance is done by dropping the returned future. No additional
cleanup work is required.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Wait 100ms and print “100 ms have elapsed”.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
sleep(Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">100</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"100 ms have elapsed"</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
<p>See the documentation for the <a href="struct.Sleep.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Sleep"><code>Sleep</code></a> type for more examples.</p>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if there is no current timer set.</p>
<p>It can be triggered when <a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_time"><code>Builder::enable_time</code></a> or
<a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_all"><code>Builder::enable_all</code></a> are not included in the builder.</p>
<p>It can also panic whenever a timer is created outside of a
Tokio runtime. That is why <code>rt.block_on(sleep(...))</code> will panic,
since the function is executed outside of the runtime.
Whereas <code>rt.block_on(async {sleep(...).await})</code> doesn’t panic.
And this is because wrapping the function on an async makes it lazy,
and so gets executed inside the runtime successfully without
panicking.</p>
</div></details><script type="text/json" id="notable-traits-data">{"Sleep":"<h3>Notable traits for <code><a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Sleep.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Sleep\">Sleep</a></code></h3><pre><code><div class=\"where\">impl <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a> for <a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Sleep.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Sleep\">Sleep</a></div><div class=\"where\"> type <a href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" class=\"associatedtype\">Output</a> = <a class=\"primitive\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html\">()</a>;</div>"}</script></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Waits until `deadline` is reached."><title>sleep_until in actix_rt::time - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">sleep_<wbr>until</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#cancellation" title="Cancellation">Cancellation</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>time</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">time</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">sleep_until</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn sleep_until(deadline: <a class="struct" href="struct.Instant.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Instant">Instant</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Sleep.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Sleep">Sleep</a> <a href="#" class="tooltip" data-notable-ty="Sleep">ⓘ</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Waits until <code>deadline</code> is reached.</p>
<p>No work is performed while awaiting on the sleep future to complete. <code>Sleep</code>
operates at millisecond granularity and should not be used for tasks that
require high-resolution timers.</p>
<p>To run something regularly on a schedule, see <a href="fn.interval.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval"><code>interval</code></a>.</p>
<h2 id="cancellation"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#cancellation">§</a>Cancellation</h2>
<p>Canceling a sleep instance is done by dropping the returned future. No additional
cleanup work is required.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Wait 100ms and print “100 ms have elapsed”.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time::{sleep_until, Instant, Duration};
<span class="attr">#[tokio::main]
</span><span class="kw">async fn </span>main() {
sleep_until(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">100</span>)).<span class="kw">await</span>;
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"100 ms have elapsed"</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
<p>See the documentation for the <a href="struct.Sleep.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Sleep"><code>Sleep</code></a> type for more examples.</p>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if there is no current timer set.</p>
<p>It can be triggered when <a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_time"><code>Builder::enable_time</code></a> or
<a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_all"><code>Builder::enable_all</code></a> are not included in the builder.</p>
<p>It can also panic whenever a timer is created outside of a
Tokio runtime. That is why <code>rt.block_on(sleep(...))</code> will panic,
since the function is executed outside of the runtime.
Whereas <code>rt.block_on(async {sleep(...).await})</code> doesn’t panic.
And this is because wrapping the function on an async makes it lazy,
and so gets executed inside the runtime successfully without
panicking.</p>
</div></details><script type="text/json" id="notable-traits-data">{"Sleep":"<h3>Notable traits for <code><a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Sleep.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Sleep\">Sleep</a></code></h3><pre><code><div class=\"where\">impl <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a> for <a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Sleep.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Sleep\">Sleep</a></div><div class=\"where\"> type <a href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" class=\"associatedtype\">Output</a> = <a class=\"primitive\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/std/primitive.unit.html\">()</a>;</div>"}</script></section></div></main></body></html>

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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Requires a `Future` to complete before the specified duration has elapsed."><title>timeout in actix_rt::time - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-b778ab399e080a4b.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="actix_rt" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.83.0-nightly (7608018cb 2024-09-29)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-e056c65ede92db13.js" data-settings-js="settings-805db61a62df4bd2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-1d39b6787ed640ff.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-54bc299d2a5e4e43.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-0111fcff984fae8f.css"></noscript><link rel="icon" href="https://actix.rs/favicon.ico"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt=""></a></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><a class="logo-container" href="../../actix_rt/index.html"><img src="https://actix.rs/img/logo.png" alt="logo"></a><h2><a href="../../actix_rt/index.html">actix_<wbr>rt</a><span class="version">2.10.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">timeout</a></h2><h3><a href="#">Sections</a></h3><ul class="block top-toc"><li><a href="#cancellation" title="Cancellation">Cancellation</a></li><li><a href="#examples" title="Examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#panics" title="Panics">Panics</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In actix_<wbr>rt::<wbr>time</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">actix_rt</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">time</a></span><h1>Function <span class="fn">timeout</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn timeout&lt;F&gt;(
duration: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/time/struct.Duration.html" title="struct core::time::Duration">Duration</a>,
future: F,
) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.Timeout.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Timeout">Timeout</a>&lt;&lt;F as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html" title="trait core::future::into_future::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a>&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html#associatedtype.IntoFuture" title="type core::future::into_future::IntoFuture::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a>&gt; <a href="#" class="tooltip" data-notable-ty="Timeout&lt;&lt;F as IntoFuture&gt;::IntoFuture&gt;">ⓘ</a><div class="where">where
F: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/into_future/trait.IntoFuture.html" title="trait core::future::into_future::IntoFuture">IntoFuture</a>,</div></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Requires a <code>Future</code> to complete before the specified duration has elapsed.</p>
<p>If the future completes before the duration has elapsed, then the completed
value is returned. Otherwise, an error is returned and the future is
canceled.</p>
<p>Note that the timeout is checked before polling the future, so if the future
does not yield during execution then it is possible for the future to complete
and exceed the timeout <em>without</em> returning an error.</p>
<p>This function returns a future whose return type is <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result"><code>Result</code></a><code>&lt;T,</code><a href="crate::time::error::Elapsed"><code>Elapsed</code></a><code>&gt;</code>, where <code>T</code> is the
return type of the provided future.</p>
<p>If the provided future completes immediately, then the future returned from
this function is guaranteed to complete immediately with an <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html#variant.Ok" title="variant core::result::Result::Ok"><code>Ok</code></a> variant
no matter the provided duration.</p>
<h2 id="cancellation"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#cancellation">§</a>Cancellation</h2>
<p>Cancelling a timeout is done by dropping the future. No additional cleanup
or other work is required.</p>
<p>The original future may be obtained by calling <a href="struct.Timeout.html#method.into_inner" title="method actix_rt::time::Timeout::into_inner"><code>Timeout::into_inner</code></a>. This
consumes the <code>Timeout</code>.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Create a new <code>Timeout</code> set to expire in 10 milliseconds.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>tokio::time::timeout;
<span class="kw">use </span>tokio::sync::oneshot;
<span class="kw">use </span>std::time::Duration;
<span class="kw">let </span>(tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
<span class="comment">// Wrap the future with a `Timeout` set to expire in 10 milliseconds.
</span><span class="kw">if let </span><span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(<span class="kw">_</span>) = timeout(Duration::from_millis(<span class="number">10</span>), rx).<span class="kw">await </span>{
<span class="macro">println!</span>(<span class="string">"did not receive value within 10 ms"</span>);
}</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="panics"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#panics">§</a>Panics</h2>
<p>This function panics if there is no current timer set.</p>
<p>It can be triggered when <a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_time"><code>Builder::enable_time</code></a> or
<a href="crate::runtime::Builder::enable_all"><code>Builder::enable_all</code></a> are not included in the builder.</p>
<p>It can also panic whenever a timer is created outside of a
Tokio runtime. That is why <code>rt.block_on(sleep(...))</code> will panic,
since the function is executed outside of the runtime.
Whereas <code>rt.block_on(async {sleep(...).await})</code> doesn’t panic.
And this is because wrapping the function on an async makes it lazy,
and so gets executed inside the runtime successfully without
panicking.</p>
</div></details><script type="text/json" id="notable-traits-data">{"Timeout<<F as IntoFuture>::IntoFuture>":"<h3>Notable traits for <code><a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Timeout.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Timeout\">Timeout</a>&lt;T&gt;</code></h3><pre><code><div class=\"where\">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a> for <a class=\"struct\" href=\"struct.Timeout.html\" title=\"struct actix_rt::time::Timeout\">Timeout</a>&lt;T&gt;<div class=\"where\">where\n T: <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a>,</div></div><div class=\"where\"> type <a href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" class=\"associatedtype\">Output</a> = <a class=\"enum\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/result/enum.Result.html\" title=\"enum core::result::Result\">Result</a>&lt;&lt;T as <a class=\"trait\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html\" title=\"trait core::future::future::Future\">Future</a>&gt;::<a class=\"associatedtype\" href=\"https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/future/future/trait.Future.html#associatedtype.Output\" title=\"type core::future::future::Future::Output\">Output</a>, Elapsed&gt;;</div>"}</script></section></div></main></body></html>

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</div></details><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Instant.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Instant">Instant</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">A measurement of a monotonically nondecreasing clock.
Opaque and useful only with <code>Duration</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval">Interval</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Interval returned by <a href="fn.interval.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval"><code>interval</code></a> and <a href="fn.interval_at.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval_at"><code>interval_at</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Sleep.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Sleep">Sleep</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Future returned by <a href="fn.sleep.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep"><code>sleep</code></a> and <a href="fn.sleep_until.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep_until"><code>sleep_until</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Timeout.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Timeout">Timeout</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Future returned by <a href="fn.timeout.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::timeout"><code>timeout</code></a> and <a href="timeout_at"><code>timeout_at</code></a>.</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.interval.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval">interval</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Creates new <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> that yields with interval of <code>period</code>. The first
tick completes immediately. The default [<code>MissedTickBehavior</code>] is
<a href="MissedTickBehavior::Burst"><code>Burst</code></a>, but this can be configured
by calling <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.set_missed_tick_behavior" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior"><code>set_missed_tick_behavior</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.interval_at.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::interval_at">interval_<wbr>at</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Creates new <a href="struct.Interval.html" title="struct actix_rt::time::Interval"><code>Interval</code></a> that yields with interval of <code>period</code> with the
first tick completing at <code>start</code>. The default [<code>MissedTickBehavior</code>] is
<a href="MissedTickBehavior::Burst"><code>Burst</code></a>, but this can be configured
by calling <a href="struct.Interval.html#method.set_missed_tick_behavior" title="method actix_rt::time::Interval::set_missed_tick_behavior"><code>set_missed_tick_behavior</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.sleep.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep">sleep</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Waits until <code>duration</code> has elapsed.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.sleep_until.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::sleep_until">sleep_<wbr>until</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Waits until <code>deadline</code> is reached.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.timeout.html" title="fn actix_rt::time::timeout">timeout</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Requires a <code>Future</code> to complete before the specified duration has elapsed.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>

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