diff --git a/actix-codec/src/framed.rs b/actix-codec/src/framed.rs
index 29892f93..4b6b7f88 100644
--- a/actix-codec/src/framed.rs
+++ b/actix-codec/src/framed.rs
@@ -216,11 +216,8 @@ impl<T, U> Framed<T, U> {
 }
 
 impl<T, U> Framed<T, U> {
-    /// Force send item
-    pub fn force_send(
-        &mut self,
-        item: <U as Encoder>::Item,
-    ) -> Result<(), <U as Encoder>::Error>
+    /// Serialize item and Write to the inner buffer
+    pub fn write(&mut self, item: <U as Encoder>::Item) -> Result<(), <U as Encoder>::Error>
     where
         T: AsyncWrite + Unpin,
         U: Encoder + Unpin,
diff --git a/actix-connect/src/connect.rs b/actix-connect/src/connect.rs
index 49e75cf6..1b87f4fe 100644
--- a/actix-connect/src/connect.rs
+++ b/actix-connect/src/connect.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use either::Either;
 
 /// Connect request
-pub trait Address {
+pub trait Address: Unpin {
     /// Host name of the request
     fn host(&self) -> &str;
 
diff --git a/actix-connect/src/lib.rs b/actix-connect/src/lib.rs
index 6663206a..ba5ec7b2 100644
--- a/actix-connect/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-connect/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ pub mod ssl;
 #[cfg(feature = "uri")]
 mod uri;
 
+use actix_rt::Arbiter;
+use actix_service::{pipeline, pipeline_factory, Service, ServiceFactory};
+use tokio_net::tcp::TcpStream;
+
 pub use trust_dns_resolver::config::{ResolverConfig, ResolverOpts};
 pub use trust_dns_resolver::system_conf::read_system_conf;
 pub use trust_dns_resolver::{error::ResolveError, AsyncResolver};
@@ -30,10 +34,6 @@ pub use self::error::ConnectError;
 pub use self::resolver::{Resolver, ResolverFactory};
 pub use self::service::{ConnectService, ConnectServiceFactory, TcpConnectService};
 
-use actix_rt::Arbiter;
-use actix_service::{pipeline, pipeline_factory, Service, ServiceFactory};
-use tokio_net::tcp::TcpStream;
-
 pub fn start_resolver(cfg: ResolverConfig, opts: ResolverOpts) -> AsyncResolver {
     let (resolver, bg) = AsyncResolver::new(cfg, opts);
     tokio_executor::current_thread::spawn(bg);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn start_default_resolver() -> AsyncResolver {
 pub fn new_connector<T: Address>(
     resolver: AsyncResolver,
 ) -> impl Service<Request = Connect<T>, Response = Connection<T, TcpStream>, Error = ConnectError>
-{
+       + Clone {
     pipeline(Resolver::new(resolver)).and_then(TcpConnector::new())
 }
 
@@ -83,14 +83,14 @@ pub fn new_connector_factory<T: Address>(
     Response = Connection<T, TcpStream>,
     Error = ConnectError,
     InitError = (),
-> {
+> + Clone {
     pipeline_factory(ResolverFactory::new(resolver)).and_then(TcpConnectorFactory::new())
 }
 
 /// Create connector service with default parameters
 pub fn default_connector<T: Address>(
 ) -> impl Service<Request = Connect<T>, Response = Connection<T, TcpStream>, Error = ConnectError>
-{
+       + Clone {
     pipeline(Resolver::default()).and_then(TcpConnector::new())
 }
 
@@ -101,6 +101,6 @@ pub fn default_connector_factory<T: Address>() -> impl ServiceFactory<
     Response = Connection<T, TcpStream>,
     Error = ConnectError,
     InitError = (),
-> {
+> + Clone {
     pipeline_factory(ResolverFactory::default()).and_then(TcpConnectorFactory::new())
 }
diff --git a/actix-ioframe/src/dispatcher.rs b/actix-ioframe/src/dispatcher.rs
index da9957b3..ec036220 100644
--- a/actix-ioframe/src/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-ioframe/src/dispatcher.rs
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ where
             if !buf_empty {
                 match inner.buf.pop_front().unwrap() {
                     Ok(msg) => {
-                        if let Err(err) = framed.force_send(msg) {
+                        if let Err(err) = framed.write(msg) {
                             *dispatch_state =
                                 FramedState::FramedError(ServiceError::Encoder(err));
                             return true;
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ where
             if !rx_done && rx.is_some() {
                 match Pin::new(rx.as_mut().unwrap()).poll_next(cx) {
                     Poll::Ready(Some(FramedMessage::Message(msg))) => {
-                        if let Err(err) = framed.force_send(msg) {
+                        if let Err(err) = framed.write(msg) {
                             *dispatch_state =
                                 FramedState::FramedError(ServiceError::Encoder(err));
                             return true;
diff --git a/actix-server/src/accept.rs b/actix-server/src/accept.rs
index e7b589e5..421aa0ab 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/accept.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/accept.rs
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ impl Accept {
                                 delay(Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(510)).await;
                                 let _ = r.set_readiness(mio::Ready::readable());
                             }
-                            .boxed(),
+                                .boxed(),
                         );
                         return;
                     }
diff --git a/actix-server/src/builder.rs b/actix-server/src/builder.rs
index 0b2f313e..1a798c38 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/builder.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/builder.rs
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ impl ServerBuilder {
             async move {
                 Worker::start(rx1, rx2, services, avail, timeout);
             }
-            .boxed(),
+                .boxed(),
         );
 
         worker
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ impl ServerBuilder {
                                                 .await;
                                             System::current().stop();
                                         }
-                                        .boxed(),
+                                            .boxed(),
                                     );
                                 }
                                 ready(())
diff --git a/actix-server/src/config.rs b/actix-server/src/config.rs
index 8cc99dfb..36e94a37 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/config.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/config.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ impl InternalServiceFactory for ConfiguredService {
             }
             return Ok(res);
         }
-        .boxed_local()
+            .boxed_local()
     }
 }
 
@@ -266,6 +266,6 @@ where
                 }
             };
         }
-        .boxed_local()
+            .boxed_local()
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-server/src/service.rs b/actix-server/src/service.rs
index 8345f17b..2a77c810 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/service.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/service.rs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ where
                             let _ = f.await;
                             drop(guard);
                         }
-                        .boxed_local(),
+                            .boxed_local(),
                     );
                     ok(())
                 } else {
diff --git a/actix-server/src/ssl/openssl.rs b/actix-server/src/ssl/openssl.rs
index a9b0debd..69ed6fcd 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/ssl/openssl.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/ssl/openssl.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin + 'static, P> Service for OpensslAcceptor
                 let acc = acc;
                 tokio_openssl::accept(&acc, io).await
             }
-            .boxed_local(),
+                .boxed_local(),
             params: Some(params),
         }
     }
diff --git a/actix-server/src/worker.rs b/actix-server/src/worker.rs
index e39ac493..a1ba6c78 100644
--- a/actix-server/src/worker.rs
+++ b/actix-server/src/worker.rs
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ impl Worker {
                 }
                 wrk.await
             }
-            .boxed_local(),
+                .boxed_local(),
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/actix-service/Cargo.toml b/actix-service/Cargo.toml
index 9741bbfc..5fa51787 100644
--- a/actix-service/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-service/Cargo.toml
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
 futures = "0.3.1"
-pin-project = "0.4.5"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tokio = "0.2.0-alpha.5"
diff --git a/actix-service/src/and_then.rs b/actix-service/src/and_then.rs
index 091fd141..5c1bd17b 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/and_then.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/and_then.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use super::{Service, ServiceFactory};
 use crate::cell::Cell;
 
@@ -11,14 +9,14 @@ use crate::cell::Cell;
 /// of another service which completes successfully.
 ///
 /// This is created by the `ServiceExt::and_then` method.
-pub struct AndThen<A, B> {
+pub struct AndThenService<A, B> {
     a: A,
     b: Cell<B>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> AndThen<A, B> {
+impl<A, B> AndThenService<A, B> {
     /// Create new `AndThen` combinator
-    pub fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Self
+    pub(crate) fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Self
     where
         A: Service,
         B: Service<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error>,
@@ -27,27 +25,29 @@ impl<A, B> AndThen<A, B> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Clone for AndThen<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Clone for AndThenService<A, B>
 where
     A: Clone,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        AndThen {
+        AndThenService {
             a: self.a.clone(),
             b: self.b.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Service for AndThen<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Service for AndThenService<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = B::Response;
     type Error = A::Error;
-    type Future = AndThenFuture<A, B>;
+    type Future = AndThenServiceResponse<A, B>;
 
     fn poll_ready(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
         let not_ready = !self.a.poll_ready(cx)?.is_ready();
@@ -59,30 +59,29 @@ where
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, req: A::Request) -> Self::Future {
-        AndThenFuture::new(self.a.call(req), self.b.clone())
+        AndThenServiceResponse::new(self.a.call(req), self.b.clone())
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub struct AndThenFuture<A, B>
+pub struct AndThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error>,
 {
     b: Cell<B>,
-    #[pin]
     fut_b: Option<B::Future>,
-    #[pin]
     fut_a: Option<A::Future>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> AndThenFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> AndThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     fn new(a: A::Future, b: Cell<B>) -> Self {
-        AndThenFuture {
+        AndThenServiceResponse {
             b,
             fut_a: Some(a),
             fut_b: None,
@@ -90,34 +89,27 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Future for AndThenFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Future for AndThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<B::Response, A::Error>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let mut this = self.project();
+        let mut this = self.get_mut();
 
         loop {
-            let mut fut_a = this.fut_a.as_mut();
-            let mut fut_b = this.fut_b.as_mut();
-
-            if let Some(fut) = fut_b.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
-                return fut.poll(cx);
+            if let Some(ref mut fut) = this.fut_b {
+                return Pin::new(fut).poll(cx);
             }
 
-            match fut_a
-                .as_mut()
-                .as_pin_mut()
-                .expect("Bug in actix-service")
-                .poll(cx)
-            {
+            match Pin::new(&mut this.fut_a.as_mut().expect("Bug in actix-service")).poll(cx) {
                 Poll::Ready(Ok(resp)) => {
-                    fut_a.set(None);
-                    let new_fut = this.b.get_mut().call(resp);
-                    fut_b.set(Some(new_fut));
+                    let _ = this.fut_a.take();
+                    this.fut_b = Some(this.b.get_mut().call(resp));
                 }
                 Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(e)),
                 Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
@@ -126,8 +118,8 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// `AndThenNewService` new service combinator
-pub struct AndThenNewService<A, B>
+/// `.and_then()` service factory combinator
+pub struct AndThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory,
@@ -136,7 +128,7 @@ where
     b: B,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> AndThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> AndThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -146,13 +138,13 @@ where
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
 {
-    /// Create new `AndThen` combinator
+    /// Create new `AndThenFactory` combinator
     pub fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Self {
         Self { a, b }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> ServiceFactory for AndThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ServiceFactory for AndThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -161,22 +153,28 @@ where
         Error = A::Error,
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = B::Response;
     type Error = A::Error;
 
     type Config = A::Config;
-    type Service = AndThen<A::Service, B::Service>;
+    type Service = AndThenService<A::Service, B::Service>;
     type InitError = A::InitError;
-    type Future = AndThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>;
+    type Future = AndThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &A::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        AndThenNewServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.b.new_service(cfg))
+        AndThenServiceFactoryResponse::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.b.new_service(cfg))
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Clone for AndThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Clone for AndThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory + Clone,
     B: ServiceFactory + Clone,
@@ -189,28 +187,31 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub struct AndThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+pub struct AndThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<Request = A::Response>,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut_b: B::Future,
-    #[pin]
     fut_a: A::Future,
 
     a: Option<A::Service>,
     b: Option<B::Service>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> AndThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> AndThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<Request = A::Response>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
     fn new(fut_a: A::Future, fut_b: B::Future) -> Self {
-        AndThenNewServiceFuture {
+        AndThenServiceFactoryResponse {
             fut_a,
             fut_b,
             a: None,
@@ -219,27 +220,34 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Future for AndThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Future for AndThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<Request = A::Response, Error = A::Error, InitError = A::InitError>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
-    type Output = Result<AndThen<A::Service, B::Service>, A::InitError>;
+    type Output = Result<AndThenService<A::Service, B::Service>, A::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
         if this.a.is_none() {
-            if let Poll::Ready(service) = this.fut_a.poll(cx)? {
-                *this.a = Some(service);
+            if let Poll::Ready(service) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut_a).poll(cx)? {
+                this.a = Some(service);
             }
         }
         if this.b.is_none() {
-            if let Poll::Ready(service) = this.fut_b.poll(cx)? {
-                *this.b = Some(service);
+            if let Poll::Ready(service) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut_b).poll(cx)? {
+                this.b = Some(service);
             }
         }
         if this.a.is_some() && this.b.is_some() {
-            Poll::Ready(Ok(AndThen::new(
+            Poll::Ready(Ok(AndThenService::new(
                 this.a.take().unwrap(),
                 this.b.take().unwrap(),
             )))
diff --git a/actix-service/src/apply.rs b/actix-service/src/apply.rs
index e4a42f4d..c14ea37e 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/apply.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/apply.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use pin_project::pin_project;
 use std::future::Future;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
@@ -7,10 +6,7 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 use super::{IntoService, IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 /// Apply tranform function to a service
-pub fn apply_fn<T, F, R, In, Out, Err, U>(
-    service: U,
-    f: F,
-) -> impl Service<Request = In, Response = Out, Error = Err>
+pub fn apply_fn<T, F, R, In, Out, Err, U>(service: U, f: F) -> Apply<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: Service<Error = Err>,
     F: FnMut(In, &mut T) -> R,
@@ -24,30 +20,21 @@ where
 pub fn apply_fn_factory<T, F, R, In, Out, Err, U>(
     service: U,
     f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = T::Config,
-    Request = In,
-    Response = Out,
-    Error = Err,
-    InitError = T::InitError,
->
+) -> ApplyServiceFactory<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
     F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
     U: IntoServiceFactory<T>,
 {
-    ApplyNewService::new(service.into_factory(), f)
+    ApplyServiceFactory::new(service.into_factory(), f)
 }
 
-#[doc(hidden)]
 /// `Apply` service combinator
-#[pin_project]
-struct Apply<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+pub struct Apply<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: Service<Error = Err>,
 {
-    #[pin]
     service: T,
     f: F,
     r: PhantomData<(In, Out, R)>,
@@ -89,8 +76,8 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// `ApplyNewService` new service combinator
-struct ApplyNewService<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+/// `apply()` service factory
+pub struct ApplyServiceFactory<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
 {
@@ -99,7 +86,7 @@ where
     r: PhantomData<(R, In, Out)>,
 }
 
-impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ApplyNewService<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ApplyServiceFactory<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
     F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
@@ -115,10 +102,11 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ServiceFactory for ApplyNewService<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ServiceFactory for ApplyServiceFactory<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
-    F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Unpin + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
 {
     type Request = In;
@@ -128,34 +116,32 @@ where
     type Config = T::Config;
     type Service = Apply<T::Service, F, R, In, Out, Err>;
     type InitError = T::InitError;
-    type Future = ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>;
+    type Future = ApplyServiceFactoryResponse<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &T::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        ApplyNewServiceFuture::new(self.service.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
+        ApplyServiceFactoryResponse::new(self.service.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-struct ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+pub struct ApplyServiceFactoryResponse<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
     F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut: T::Future,
     f: Option<F>,
     r: PhantomData<(In, Out)>,
 }
 
-impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> ApplyServiceFactoryResponse<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
     F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
 {
     fn new(fut: T::Future, f: F) -> Self {
-        ApplyNewServiceFuture {
+        Self {
             f: Some(f),
             fut,
             r: PhantomData,
@@ -163,17 +149,28 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> Future for ApplyNewServiceFuture<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> Unpin for ApplyServiceFactoryResponse<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
 where
     T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
-    F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Clone,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Unpin + Clone,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
+{
+}
+
+impl<T, F, R, In, Out, Err> Future for ApplyServiceFactoryResponse<T, F, R, In, Out, Err>
+where
+    T: ServiceFactory<Error = Err>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(In, &mut T::Service) -> R + Unpin + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<Out, Err>>,
 {
     type Output = Result<Apply<T::Service, F, R, In, Out, Err>, T::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = this.fut.poll(cx)? {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx)? {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(Apply::new(svc, this.f.take().unwrap())))
         } else {
             Poll::Pending
diff --git a/actix-service/src/apply_cfg.rs b/actix-service/src/apply_cfg.rs
index 304ae1ee..312dec23 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/apply_cfg.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/apply_cfg.rs
@@ -3,28 +3,15 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use futures::ready;
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use crate::cell::Cell;
-use crate::{IntoService, Service, ServiceFactory};
+use crate::{Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 /// Convert `Fn(&Config, &mut Service) -> Future<Service>` fn to a NewService
-pub fn apply_cfg<F, C, T, R, S, E>(
-    srv: T,
-    f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = C,
-    Request = S::Request,
-    Response = S::Response,
-    Error = S::Error,
-    Service = S,
-    InitError = E,
-> + Clone
+pub fn apply_cfg<F, C, T, R, S, E>(srv: T, f: F) -> ApplyConfigService<F, C, T, R, S, E>
 where
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T) -> R,
     T: Service,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     ApplyConfigService {
@@ -39,14 +26,7 @@ where
 pub fn apply_cfg_factory<F, C, T, R, S>(
     srv: T,
     f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = C,
-    Request = S::Request,
-    Response = S::Response,
-    Error = S::Error,
-    Service = S,
-    InitError = T::InitError,
-> + Clone
+) -> ApplyConfigServiceFactory<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
@@ -55,7 +35,7 @@ where
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>>,
     S: Service,
 {
-    ApplyConfigNewService {
+    ApplyConfigServiceFactory {
         f: Cell::new(f),
         srv: Cell::new(srv),
         _t: PhantomData,
@@ -63,8 +43,7 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Convert `Fn(&Config) -> Future<Service>` fn to NewService\
-#[pin_project]
-struct ApplyConfigService<F, C, T, R, S, E>
+pub struct ApplyConfigService<F, C, T, R, S, E>
 where
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T) -> R,
     T: Service,
@@ -72,7 +51,6 @@ where
     S: Service,
 {
     f: Cell<F>,
-    #[pin]
     srv: Cell<T>,
     _t: PhantomData<(C, R, S)>,
 }
@@ -97,7 +75,8 @@ impl<F, C, T, R, S, E> ServiceFactory for ApplyConfigService<F, C, T, R, S, E>
 where
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T) -> R,
     T: Service,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     type Config = C;
@@ -107,41 +86,46 @@ where
     type Service = S;
 
     type InitError = E;
-    type Future = FnNewServiceConfigFut<R, S, E>;
+    type Future = ApplyConfigServiceResponse<R, S, E>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &C) -> Self::Future {
-        FnNewServiceConfigFut {
+        ApplyConfigServiceResponse {
             fut: unsafe { (self.f.get_mut_unsafe())(cfg, self.srv.get_mut_unsafe()) },
             _t: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-struct FnNewServiceConfigFut<R, S, E>
+pub struct ApplyConfigServiceResponse<R, S, E>
 where
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
     S: Service,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut: R,
     _t: PhantomData<(S,)>,
 }
 
-impl<R, S, E> Future for FnNewServiceConfigFut<R, S, E>
+impl<R, S, E> Unpin for ApplyConfigServiceResponse<R, S, E>
 where
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
+    S: Service,
+{
+}
+
+impl<R, S, E> Future for ApplyConfigServiceResponse<R, S, E>
+where
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     type Output = Result<S, E>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(ready!(self.project().fut.poll(cx))?.into_service()))
+        Pin::new(&mut self.get_mut().fut).poll(cx)
     }
 }
 
 /// Convert `Fn(&Config) -> Future<Service>` fn to NewService
-struct ApplyConfigNewService<F, C, T, R, S>
+pub struct ApplyConfigServiceFactory<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
@@ -154,7 +138,7 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<(C, R, S)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, C, T, R, S> Clone for ApplyConfigNewService<F, C, T, R, S>
+impl<F, C, T, R, S> Clone for ApplyConfigServiceFactory<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
@@ -163,7 +147,7 @@ where
     S: Service,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        ApplyConfigNewService {
+        Self {
             f: self.f.clone(),
             srv: self.srv.clone(),
             _t: PhantomData,
@@ -171,13 +155,14 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, C, T, R, S> ServiceFactory for ApplyConfigNewService<F, C, T, R, S>
+impl<F, C, T, R, S> ServiceFactory for ApplyConfigServiceFactory<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
     T: ServiceFactory<Config = ()>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
     T::InitError: From<T::Error>,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     type Config = C;
@@ -187,10 +172,10 @@ where
     type Service = S;
 
     type InitError = T::InitError;
-    type Future = ApplyConfigNewServiceFut<F, C, T, R, S>;
+    type Future = ApplyConfigServiceFactoryResponse<F, C, T, R, S>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &C) -> Self::Future {
-        ApplyConfigNewServiceFut {
+        ApplyConfigServiceFactoryResponse {
             f: self.f.clone(),
             cfg: cfg.clone(),
             fut: None,
@@ -201,8 +186,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-struct ApplyConfigNewServiceFut<F, C, T, R, S>
+pub struct ApplyConfigServiceFactoryResponse<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
@@ -214,45 +198,57 @@ where
     cfg: C,
     f: Cell<F>,
     srv: Option<T::Service>,
-    #[pin]
     srv_fut: Option<T::Future>,
-    #[pin]
     fut: Option<R>,
     _t: PhantomData<(S,)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, C, T, R, S> Future for ApplyConfigNewServiceFut<F, C, T, R, S>
+impl<F, C, T, R, S> Unpin for ApplyConfigServiceFactoryResponse<F, C, T, R, S>
 where
     C: Clone,
     F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
     T: ServiceFactory<Config = ()>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
     T::InitError: From<T::Error>,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>> + Unpin,
+    S: Service,
+{
+}
+
+impl<F, C, T, R, S> Future for ApplyConfigServiceFactoryResponse<F, C, T, R, S>
+where
+    C: Clone,
+    F: FnMut(&C, &mut T::Service) -> R,
+    T: ServiceFactory<Config = ()>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    T::InitError: From<T::Error>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, T::InitError>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     type Output = Result<S, T::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let mut this = self.project();
-        'poll: loop {
-            if let Some(fut) = this.srv_fut.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
-                match fut.poll(cx)? {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        loop {
+            if let Some(ref mut fut) = this.srv_fut {
+                match Pin::new(fut).poll(cx)? {
                     Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
                     Poll::Ready(srv) => {
-                        this.srv_fut.set(None);
-                        *this.srv = Some(srv);
-                        continue 'poll;
+                        let _ = this.srv_fut.take();
+                        this.srv = Some(srv);
+                        continue;
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            if let Some(fut) = this.fut.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
-                return Poll::Ready(Ok(ready!(fut.poll(cx))?.into_service()));
+            if let Some(ref mut fut) = this.fut {
+                return Pin::new(fut).poll(cx);
             } else if let Some(ref mut srv) = this.srv {
                 match srv.poll_ready(cx)? {
                     Poll::Ready(_) => {
-                        this.fut.set(Some(this.f.get_mut()(&this.cfg, srv)));
-                        continue 'poll;
+                        this.fut = Some(this.f.get_mut()(&this.cfg, srv));
+                        continue;
                     }
                     Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
                 }
diff --git a/actix-service/src/fn_service.rs b/actix-service/src/fn_service.rs
index 42c9a5b5..ad82c9c9 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/fn_service.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/fn_service.rs
@@ -4,72 +4,49 @@ use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use futures::future::{ok, Ready};
-use pin_project::pin_project;
 
 use crate::{IntoService, IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 /// Create `ServiceFactory` for function that can act as a `Service`
 pub fn service_fn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>(
     f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<Config = Cfg, Request = Req, Response = Res, Error = Err, InitError = ()>
-       + Clone
+) -> FnServiceFactory<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut + Clone,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
-    NewServiceFn::new(f)
+    FnServiceFactory::new(f)
 }
 
-pub fn service_fn2<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>(
-    f: F,
-) -> impl Service<Request = Req, Response = Res, Error = Err>
+pub fn service_fn2<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>(f: F) -> FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
-    ServiceFn::new(f)
+    FnService::new(f)
 }
 
 /// Create `ServiceFactory` for function that can produce services
-pub fn factory_fn<S, F, Cfg, Fut, Err>(
-    f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = Cfg,
-    Service = S,
-    Request = S::Request,
-    Response = S::Response,
-    Error = S::Error,
-    InitError = Err,
-    Future = Fut,
->
+pub fn factory_fn<F, Cfg, Srv, Fut, Err>(f: F) -> FnServiceNoConfig<F, Cfg, Srv, Fut, Err>
 where
-    S: Service,
+    Srv: Service,
     F: Fn() -> Fut,
-    Fut: Future<Output = Result<S, Err>>,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>>,
 {
-    FnNewServiceNoConfig::new(f)
+    FnServiceNoConfig::new(f)
 }
 
 /// Create `ServiceFactory` for function that can produce services with configuration
-pub fn factory_fn_cfg<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>(
-    f: F,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = Cfg,
-    Service = Srv,
-    Request = Srv::Request,
-    Response = Srv::Response,
-    Error = Srv::Error,
-    InitError = Err,
->
+pub fn factory_fn_cfg<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>(f: F) -> FnServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
 where
     F: Fn(&Cfg) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>>,
     Srv: Service,
 {
-    FnNewServiceConfig::new(f)
+    FnServiceConfig::new(f)
 }
 
-pub struct ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
+pub struct FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
@@ -78,27 +55,27 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<Req>,
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
     pub(crate) fn new(f: F) -> Self {
-        ServiceFn { f, _t: PhantomData }
+        Self { f, _t: PhantomData }
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> Clone for ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> Clone for FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut + Clone,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        ServiceFn::new(self.f.clone())
+        Self::new(self.f.clone())
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> Service for ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> Service for FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
@@ -117,17 +94,17 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> IntoService<ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>> for F
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> IntoService<FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>> for F
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
-    fn into_service(self) -> ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> {
-        ServiceFn::new(self)
+    fn into_service(self) -> FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err> {
+        FnService::new(self)
     }
 }
 
-struct NewServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
+pub struct FnServiceFactory<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
@@ -136,27 +113,27 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<(Req, Cfg)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> NewServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> FnServiceFactory<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut + Clone,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
     fn new(f: F) -> Self {
-        NewServiceFn { f, _t: PhantomData }
+        FnServiceFactory { f, _t: PhantomData }
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> Clone for NewServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> Clone for FnServiceFactory<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut + Clone,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        NewServiceFn::new(self.f.clone())
+        Self::new(self.f.clone())
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> ServiceFactory for NewServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
+impl<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg> ServiceFactory for FnServiceFactory<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err, Cfg>
 where
     F: FnMut(Req) -> Fut + Clone,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Res, Err>>,
@@ -166,17 +143,17 @@ where
     type Error = Err;
 
     type Config = Cfg;
-    type Service = ServiceFn<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>;
+    type Service = FnService<F, Fut, Req, Res, Err>;
     type InitError = ();
     type Future = Ready<Result<Self::Service, Self::InitError>>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, _: &Cfg) -> Self::Future {
-        ok(ServiceFn::new(self.f.clone()))
+        ok(FnService::new(self.f.clone()))
     }
 }
 
 /// Convert `Fn(&Config) -> Future<Service>` fn to NewService
-struct FnNewServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
+pub struct FnServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
 where
     F: Fn(&Cfg) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>>,
@@ -186,21 +163,21 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<(Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err> FnNewServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
+impl<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err> FnServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
 where
     F: Fn(&Cfg) -> Fut,
     Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>>,
     Srv: Service,
 {
-    pub fn new(f: F) -> Self {
-        FnNewServiceConfig { f, _t: PhantomData }
+    fn new(f: F) -> Self {
+        FnServiceConfig { f, _t: PhantomData }
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err> ServiceFactory for FnNewServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
+impl<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err> ServiceFactory for FnServiceConfig<F, Fut, Cfg, Srv, Err>
 where
     F: Fn(&Cfg) -> Fut,
-    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>>,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<Srv, Err>> + Unpin,
     Srv: Service,
 {
     type Request = Srv::Request;
@@ -210,62 +187,67 @@ where
     type Config = Cfg;
     type Service = Srv;
     type InitError = Err;
-    type Future = FnNewServiceConfigFut<Fut, Srv, Err>;
+    type Future = NewServiceFnConfigFut<Fut, Srv, Err>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &Cfg) -> Self::Future {
-        FnNewServiceConfigFut {
+        NewServiceFnConfigFut {
             fut: (self.f)(cfg),
             _t: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-struct FnNewServiceConfigFut<R, S, E>
+pub struct NewServiceFnConfigFut<R, S, E>
 where
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut: R,
     _t: PhantomData<(S,)>,
 }
 
-impl<R, S, E> Future for FnNewServiceConfigFut<R, S, E>
+impl<R, S, E> Unpin for NewServiceFnConfigFut<R, S, E>
 where
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
+    S: Service,
+{
+}
+
+impl<R, S, E> Future for NewServiceFnConfigFut<R, S, E>
+where
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>> + Unpin,
     S: Service,
 {
     type Output = Result<S, E>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(futures::ready!(self.project().fut.poll(cx))?))
+        Pin::new(&mut self.get_mut().fut).poll(cx)
     }
 }
 
 /// Converter for `Fn() -> Future<Service>` fn
-pub struct FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E>
+pub struct FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E>
 where
     F: Fn() -> R,
-    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
     S: Service,
+    R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
 {
     f: F,
     _t: PhantomData<C>,
 }
 
-impl<F, C, R, S, E> FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E>
+impl<F, C, S, R, E> FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E>
 where
     F: Fn() -> R,
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
     S: Service,
 {
     fn new(f: F) -> Self {
-        FnNewServiceNoConfig { f, _t: PhantomData }
+        Self { f, _t: PhantomData }
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, C, R, S, E> ServiceFactory for FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E>
+impl<F, C, S, R, E> ServiceFactory for FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E>
 where
     F: Fn() -> R,
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
@@ -284,7 +266,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, C, R, S, E> Clone for FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E>
+impl<F, C, S, R, E> Clone for FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E>
 where
     F: Fn() -> R + Clone,
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
@@ -295,13 +277,13 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<F, C, R, S, E> IntoServiceFactory<FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E>> for F
+impl<F, C, S, R, E> IntoServiceFactory<FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E>> for F
 where
     F: Fn() -> R,
     R: Future<Output = Result<S, E>>,
     S: Service,
 {
-    fn into_factory(self) -> FnNewServiceNoConfig<F, C, R, S, E> {
-        FnNewServiceNoConfig::new(self)
+    fn into_factory(self) -> FnServiceNoConfig<F, C, S, R, E> {
+        FnServiceNoConfig::new(self)
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-service/src/into.rs b/actix-service/src/into.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index b6b3f612..00000000
--- a/actix-service/src/into.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-
-use crate::map::{Map, MapNewService};
-use crate::map_err::{MapErr, MapErrNewService};
-use crate::map_init_err::MapInitErr;
-use crate::{IntoService, IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
-
-#[inline]
-/// Convert object of type `U` to a service `T`
-pub fn into_service<T, U>(service: U) -> ServiceMapper<T>
-where
-    U: IntoService<T>,
-    T: Service,
-{
-    ServiceMapper {
-        service: service.into_service(),
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn into_factory<T, F>(factory: F) -> ServiceFactoryMapper<T>
-where
-    T: ServiceFactory,
-    F: IntoServiceFactory<T>,
-{
-    ServiceFactoryMapper {
-        factory: factory.into_factory(),
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct ServiceMapper<T> {
-    service: T,
-}
-
-pub struct ServiceFactoryMapper<T> {
-    factory: T,
-}
-
-impl<T: Service> ServiceMapper<T> {
-    /// Map this service's output to a different type, returning a new service
-    /// of the resulting type.
-    ///
-    /// This function is similar to the `Option::map` or `Iterator::map` where
-    /// it will change the type of the underlying service.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this function consumes the receiving service and returns a
-    /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `map` methods in the
-    /// standard library.
-    pub fn map<F, R>(
-        self,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> ServiceMapper<impl Service<Request = T::Request, Response = R, Error = T::Error>>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: FnMut(T::Response) -> R + Clone,
-    {
-        ServiceMapper {
-            service: Map::new(self.service, f),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Map this service's error to a different error, returning a new service.
-    ///
-    /// This function is similar to the `Result::map_err` where it will change
-    /// the error type of the underlying service. This is useful for example to
-    /// ensure that services have the same error type.
-    ///
-    /// Note that this function consumes the receiving service and returns a
-    /// wrapped version of it.
-    pub fn map_err<F, E>(
-        self,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> ServiceMapper<impl Service<Request = T::Request, Response = T::Response, Error = E>>
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: Fn(T::Error) -> E + Clone,
-    {
-        ServiceMapper {
-            service: MapErr::new(self, f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Clone for ServiceMapper<T>
-where
-    T: Clone,
-{
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        ServiceMapper {
-            service: self.service.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Service> Service for ServiceMapper<T> {
-    type Request = T::Request;
-    type Response = T::Response;
-    type Error = T::Error;
-    type Future = T::Future;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn poll_ready(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
-        self.service.poll_ready(ctx)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn call(&mut self, req: T::Request) -> Self::Future {
-        self.service.call(req)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ServiceFactory> ServiceFactoryMapper<T> {
-    /// Map this service's output to a different type, returning a new service
-    /// of the resulting type.
-    pub fn map<F, R>(
-        self,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> ServiceFactoryMapper<
-        impl ServiceFactory<
-            Config = T::Config,
-            Request = T::Request,
-            Response = R,
-            Error = T::Error,
-            InitError = T::InitError,
-        >,
-    >
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: FnMut(T::Response) -> R + Clone,
-    {
-        ServiceFactoryMapper {
-            factory: MapNewService::new(self.factory, f),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Map this service's error to a different error, returning a new service.
-    pub fn map_err<F, E>(
-        self,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> ServiceFactoryMapper<
-        impl ServiceFactory<
-            Config = T::Config,
-            Request = T::Request,
-            Response = T::Response,
-            Error = E,
-            InitError = T::InitError,
-        >,
-    >
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: Fn(T::Error) -> E + Clone,
-    {
-        ServiceFactoryMapper {
-            factory: MapErrNewService::new(self.factory, f),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Map this factory's init error to a different error, returning a new service.
-    pub fn map_init_err<F, E>(
-        self,
-        f: F,
-    ) -> ServiceFactoryMapper<
-        impl ServiceFactory<
-            Config = T::Config,
-            Request = T::Request,
-            Response = T::Response,
-            Error = T::Error,
-            InitError = E,
-        >,
-    >
-    where
-        Self: Sized,
-        F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Clone,
-    {
-        ServiceFactoryMapper {
-            factory: MapInitErr::new(self.factory, f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T> Clone for ServiceFactoryMapper<T>
-where
-    T: Clone,
-{
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        ServiceFactoryMapper {
-            factory: self.factory.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: ServiceFactory> ServiceFactory for ServiceFactoryMapper<T> {
-    type Config = T::Config;
-    type Request = T::Request;
-    type Response = T::Response;
-    type Error = T::Error;
-    type Service = T::Service;
-    type InitError = T::InitError;
-    type Future = T::Future;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn new_service(&self, cfg: &T::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        self.factory.new_service(cfg)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/actix-service/src/lib.rs b/actix-service/src/lib.rs
index 16162563..ab7da630 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ mod apply_cfg;
 pub mod boxed;
 mod cell;
 mod fn_service;
-mod into;
 mod map;
 mod map_config;
 mod map_err;
@@ -18,12 +17,10 @@ mod map_init_err;
 mod pipeline;
 mod then;
 mod transform;
-mod transform_err;
 
 pub use self::apply::{apply_fn, apply_fn_factory};
 pub use self::apply_cfg::{apply_cfg, apply_cfg_factory};
 pub use self::fn_service::{factory_fn, factory_fn_cfg, service_fn, service_fn2};
-pub use self::into::{into_factory, into_service, ServiceFactoryMapper, ServiceMapper};
 pub use self::map_config::{map_config, unit_config, MappedConfig};
 pub use self::pipeline::{pipeline, pipeline_factory, Pipeline, PipelineFactory};
 pub use self::transform::{apply, Transform};
@@ -63,6 +60,41 @@ pub trait Service {
     /// Calling `call` without calling `poll_ready` is permitted. The
     /// implementation must be resilient to this fact.
     fn call(&mut self, req: Self::Request) -> Self::Future;
+
+    /// Map this service's output to a different type, returning a new service
+    /// of the resulting type.
+    ///
+    /// This function is similar to the `Option::map` or `Iterator::map` where
+    /// it will change the type of the underlying service.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this function consumes the receiving service and returns a
+    /// wrapped version of it, similar to the existing `map` methods in the
+    /// standard library.
+    fn map<F, R>(self, f: F) -> crate::dev::Map<Self, F, R>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        Self::Future: Unpin,
+        F: FnMut(Self::Response) -> R + Unpin,
+    {
+        crate::dev::Map::new(self, f)
+    }
+
+    /// Map this service's error to a different error, returning a new service.
+    ///
+    /// This function is similar to the `Result::map_err` where it will change
+    /// the error type of the underlying service. This is useful for example to
+    /// ensure that services have the same error type.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this function consumes the receiving service and returns a
+    /// wrapped version of it.
+    fn map_err<F, E>(self, f: F) -> crate::dev::MapErr<Self, F, E>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        Self::Future: Unpin,
+        F: Fn(Self::Error) -> E,
+    {
+        crate::dev::MapErr::new(self, f)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Creates new `Service` values.
@@ -102,6 +134,37 @@ pub trait ServiceFactory {
 
     /// Create and return a new service value asynchronously.
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Future;
+
+    /// Map this service's output to a different type, returning a new service
+    /// of the resulting type.
+    fn map<F, R>(self, f: F) -> crate::map::MapServiceFactory<Self, F, R>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        <Self::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+        F: FnMut(Self::Response) -> R + Unpin + Clone,
+    {
+        crate::map::MapServiceFactory::new(self, f)
+    }
+
+    /// Map this service's error to a different error, returning a new service.
+    fn map_err<F, E>(self, f: F) -> crate::map_err::MapErrServiceFactory<Self, F, E>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        <Self::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+        F: Fn(Self::Error) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
+    {
+        crate::map_err::MapErrServiceFactory::new(self, f)
+    }
+
+    /// Map this factory's init error to a different error, returning a new service.
+    fn map_init_err<F, E>(self, f: F) -> crate::map_init_err::MapInitErr<Self, F, E>
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+        <Self::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+        F: Fn(Self::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
+    {
+        crate::map_init_err::MapInitErr::new(self, f)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a, S> Service for &'a mut S
@@ -227,3 +290,17 @@ where
         self
     }
 }
+
+pub mod dev {
+    pub use crate::and_then::{AndThenService, AndThenServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::apply::{Apply, ApplyServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::apply_cfg::{ApplyConfigService, ApplyConfigServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::fn_service::{
+        FnService, FnServiceConfig, FnServiceFactory, FnServiceNoConfig,
+    };
+    pub use crate::map::{Map, MapServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::map_err::{MapErr, MapErrServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::map_init_err::MapInitErr;
+    pub use crate::then::{ThenService, ThenServiceFactory};
+    pub use crate::transform::{ApplyTransform, TransformMapInitErr};
+}
diff --git a/actix-service/src/map.rs b/actix-service/src/map.rs
index f877293a..29f3b301 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/map.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/map.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use super::{Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 /// Service for the `map` combinator, changing the type of a service's response.
 ///
 /// This is created by the `ServiceExt::map` method.
-pub(crate) struct Map<A, F, Response> {
+pub struct Map<A, F, Response> {
     service: A,
     f: F,
     _t: PhantomData<Response>,
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Map<A, F, Response> {
 
 impl<A, F, Response> Map<A, F, Response> {
     /// Create new `Map` combinator
-    pub fn new(service: A, f: F) -> Self
+    pub(crate) fn new(service: A, f: F) -> Self
     where
         A: Service,
         F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response,
@@ -48,7 +46,8 @@ where
 impl<A, F, Response> Service for Map<A, F, Response>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = Response;
@@ -64,14 +63,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct MapFuture<A, F, Response>
+pub struct MapFuture<A, F, Response>
 where
     A: Service,
     F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response,
 {
     f: F,
-    #[pin]
     fut: A::Future,
 }
 
@@ -88,13 +85,15 @@ where
 impl<A, F, Response> Future for MapFuture<A, F, Response>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Response + Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<Response, A::Error>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        match this.fut.poll(cx) {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        match Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx) {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(resp)) => Poll::Ready(Ok((this.f)(resp))),
             Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => Poll::Ready(Err(e)),
             Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
@@ -103,18 +102,18 @@ where
 }
 
 /// `MapNewService` new service combinator
-pub(crate) struct MapNewService<A, F, Res> {
+pub struct MapServiceFactory<A, F, Res> {
     a: A,
     f: F,
     r: PhantomData<Res>,
 }
 
-impl<A, F, Res> MapNewService<A, F, Res> {
+impl<A, F, Res> MapServiceFactory<A, F, Res> {
     /// Create new `Map` new service instance
-    pub fn new(a: A, f: F) -> Self
+    pub(crate) fn new(a: A, f: F) -> Self
     where
         A: ServiceFactory,
-        F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res,
+        F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res + Unpin,
     {
         Self {
             a,
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ impl<A, F, Res> MapNewService<A, F, Res> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, Res> Clone for MapNewService<A, F, Res>
+impl<A, F, Res> Clone for MapServiceFactory<A, F, Res>
 where
     A: Clone,
     F: Clone,
@@ -138,10 +137,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, Res> ServiceFactory for MapNewService<A, F, Res>
+impl<A, F, Res> ServiceFactory for MapServiceFactory<A, F, Res>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = Res;
@@ -150,44 +151,44 @@ where
     type Config = A::Config;
     type Service = Map<A::Service, F, Res>;
     type InitError = A::InitError;
-    type Future = MapNewServiceFuture<A, F, Res>;
+    type Future = MapServiceFuture<A, F, Res>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &A::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        MapNewServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
+        MapServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct MapNewServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
+pub struct MapServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut: A::Future,
     f: Option<F>,
 }
 
-impl<A, F, Res> MapNewServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
+impl<A, F, Res> MapServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res,
+    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res + Unpin,
 {
     fn new(fut: A::Future, f: F) -> Self {
-        MapNewServiceFuture { f: Some(f), fut }
+        MapServiceFuture { f: Some(f), fut }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, Res> Future for MapNewServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
+impl<A, F, Res> Future for MapServiceFuture<A, F, Res>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: FnMut(A::Response) -> Res + Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<Map<A::Service, F, Res>, A::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = this.fut.poll(cx)? {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx)? {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(Map::new(svc, this.f.take().unwrap())))
         } else {
             Poll::Pending
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ mod tests {
     use futures::future::{lazy, ok, Ready};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{into_factory, into_service, Service};
+    use crate::{IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
     struct Srv;
 
@@ -221,14 +222,14 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_poll_ready() {
-        let mut srv = into_service(Srv).map(|_| "ok");
+        let mut srv = Srv.map(|_| "ok");
         let res = lazy(|cx| srv.poll_ready(cx)).await;
         assert_eq!(res, Poll::Ready(Ok(())));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_call() {
-        let mut srv = into_service(Srv).map(|_| "ok");
+        let mut srv = Srv.map(|_| "ok");
         let res = srv.call(()).await;
         assert!(res.is_ok());
         assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), "ok");
@@ -236,7 +237,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_new_service() {
-        let new_srv = into_factory(|| ok::<_, ()>(Srv)).map(|_| "ok");
+        let new_srv = (|| ok::<_, ()>(Srv)).into_factory().map(|_| "ok");
         let mut srv = new_srv.new_service(&()).await.unwrap();
         let res = srv.call(()).await;
         assert!(res.is_ok());
diff --git a/actix-service/src/map_err.rs b/actix-service/src/map_err.rs
index b76ad2af..b1cf0ae9 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/map_err.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/map_err.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,13 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use super::{Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 /// Service for the `map_err` combinator, changing the type of a service's
 /// error.
 ///
 /// This is created by the `ServiceExt::map_err` method.
-pub(crate) struct MapErr<A, F, E> {
+pub struct MapErr<A, F, E> {
     service: A,
     f: F,
     _t: PhantomData<E>,
@@ -19,7 +17,7 @@ pub(crate) struct MapErr<A, F, E> {
 
 impl<A, F, E> MapErr<A, F, E> {
     /// Create new `MapErr` combinator
-    pub fn new(service: A, f: F) -> Self
+    pub(crate) fn new(service: A, f: F) -> Self
     where
         A: Service,
         F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
@@ -49,7 +47,8 @@ where
 impl<A, F, E> Service for MapErr<A, F, E>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = A::Response;
@@ -65,21 +64,21 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct MapErrFuture<A, F, E>
+pub struct MapErrFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin,
 {
     f: F,
-    #[pin]
     fut: A::Future,
 }
 
 impl<A, F, E> MapErrFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin,
 {
     fn new(fut: A::Future, f: F) -> Self {
         MapErrFuture { f, fut }
@@ -89,13 +88,14 @@ where
 impl<A, F, E> Future for MapErrFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: Service,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<A::Response, E>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        this.fut.poll(cx).map_err(this.f)
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+        Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx).map_err(&this.f)
     }
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ where
 /// service's error.
 ///
 /// This is created by the `NewServiceExt::map_err` method.
-pub(crate) struct MapErrNewService<A, F, E>
+pub struct MapErrServiceFactory<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ where
     e: PhantomData<E>,
 }
 
-impl<A, F, E> MapErrNewService<A, F, E>
+impl<A, F, E> MapErrServiceFactory<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, E> Clone for MapErrNewService<A, F, E>
+impl<A, F, E> Clone for MapErrServiceFactory<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory + Clone,
     F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
@@ -142,10 +142,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, E> ServiceFactory for MapErrNewService<A, F, E>
+impl<A, F, E> ServiceFactory for MapErrServiceFactory<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = A::Response;
@@ -154,44 +156,43 @@ where
     type Config = A::Config;
     type Service = MapErr<A::Service, F, E>;
     type InitError = A::InitError;
-    type Future = MapErrNewServiceFuture<A, F, E>;
+    type Future = MapErrServiceFuture<A, F, E>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &A::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        MapErrNewServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
+        MapErrServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct MapErrNewServiceFuture<A, F, E>
+pub struct MapErrServiceFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut: A::Future,
     f: F,
 }
 
-impl<A, F, E> MapErrNewServiceFuture<A, F, E>
+impl<A, F, E> MapErrServiceFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: Fn(A::Error) -> E,
 {
     fn new(fut: A::Future, f: F) -> Self {
-        MapErrNewServiceFuture { f, fut }
+        MapErrServiceFuture { f, fut }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, F, E> Future for MapErrNewServiceFuture<A, F, E>
+impl<A, F, E> Future for MapErrServiceFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::Error) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Output = Result<MapErr<A::Service, F, E>, A::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = this.fut.poll(cx)? {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+        if let Poll::Ready(svc) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx)? {
             Poll::Ready(Ok(MapErr::new(svc, this.f.clone())))
         } else {
             Poll::Pending
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ mod tests {
     use futures::future::{err, lazy, ok, Ready};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{into_factory, into_service, Service};
+    use crate::{IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
     struct Srv;
 
@@ -225,14 +226,14 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_poll_ready() {
-        let mut srv = into_service(Srv).map_err(|_| "error");
+        let mut srv = Srv.map_err(|_| "error");
         let res = lazy(|cx| srv.poll_ready(cx)).await;
         assert_eq!(res, Poll::Ready(Err("error")));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_call() {
-        let mut srv = into_service(Srv).map_err(|_| "error");
+        let mut srv = Srv.map_err(|_| "error");
         let res = srv.call(()).await;
         assert!(res.is_err());
         assert_eq!(res.err().unwrap(), "error");
@@ -240,7 +241,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_new_service() {
-        let new_srv = into_factory(|| ok::<_, ()>(Srv)).map_err(|_| "error");
+        let new_srv = (|| ok::<_, ()>(Srv)).into_factory().map_err(|_| "error");
         let mut srv = new_srv.new_service(&()).await.unwrap();
         let res = srv.call(()).await;
         assert!(res.is_err());
diff --git a/actix-service/src/map_init_err.rs b/actix-service/src/map_init_err.rs
index 36881692..2ea96cbf 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/map_init_err.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/map_init_err.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use super::ServiceFactory;
 
 /// `MapInitErr` service combinator
-pub(crate) struct MapInitErr<A, F, E> {
+pub struct MapInitErr<A, F, E> {
     a: A,
     f: F,
     e: PhantomData<E>,
@@ -46,7 +44,8 @@ where
 impl<A, F, E> ServiceFactory for MapInitErr<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: Fn(A::InitError) -> E + Clone,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = A::Response;
@@ -61,14 +60,13 @@ where
         MapInitErrFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.f.clone())
     }
 }
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct MapInitErrFuture<A, F, E>
+
+pub struct MapInitErrFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     F: Fn(A::InitError) -> E,
 {
     f: F,
-    #[pin]
     fut: A::Future,
 }
 
@@ -85,12 +83,13 @@ where
 impl<A, F, E> Future for MapInitErrFuture<A, F, E>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
-    F: Fn(A::InitError) -> E,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(A::InitError) -> E + Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<A::Service, E>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        this.fut.poll(cx).map_err(this.f)
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+        Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx).map_err(&this.f)
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-service/src/pipeline.rs b/actix-service/src/pipeline.rs
index 8c771aba..fd58dbbd 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/pipeline.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/pipeline.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use crate::and_then::{AndThen, AndThenNewService};
-use crate::then::{Then, ThenNewService};
+use crate::and_then::{AndThenService, AndThenServiceFactory};
+use crate::then::{ThenService, ThenServiceFactory};
 use crate::{IntoService, IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 pub fn pipeline<F, T>(service: F) -> Pipeline<T>
@@ -39,17 +39,14 @@ impl<T: Service> Pipeline<T> {
     ///
     /// Note that this function consumes the receiving service and returns a
     /// wrapped version of it.
-    pub fn and_then<F, U>(
-        self,
-        service: F,
-    ) -> Pipeline<impl Service<Request = T::Request, Response = U::Response, Error = T::Error>>
+    pub fn and_then<F, U>(self, service: F) -> Pipeline<AndThenService<T, U>>
     where
         Self: Sized,
         F: IntoService<U>,
-        U: Service<Request = T::Response, Error = T::Error>,
+        U: Service<Request = T::Response, Error = T::Error> + Unpin,
     {
         Pipeline {
-            service: AndThen::new(self.service, service.into_service()),
+            service: AndThenService::new(self.service, service.into_service()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -58,17 +55,14 @@ impl<T: Service> Pipeline<T> {
     ///
     /// Note that this function consumes the receiving pipeline and returns a
     /// wrapped version of it.
-    pub fn then<F, U>(
-        self,
-        service: F,
-    ) -> Pipeline<impl Service<Request = T::Request, Response = U::Response, Error = T::Error>>
+    pub fn then<F, U>(self, service: F) -> Pipeline<ThenService<T, U>>
     where
         Self: Sized,
         F: IntoService<U>,
         U: Service<Request = Result<T::Response, T::Error>, Error = T::Error>,
     {
         Pipeline {
-            service: Then::new(self.service, service.into_service()),
+            service: ThenService::new(self.service, service.into_service()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -108,18 +102,7 @@ pub struct PipelineFactory<T> {
 
 impl<T: ServiceFactory> PipelineFactory<T> {
     /// Call another service after call to this one has resolved successfully.
-    pub fn and_then<F, U>(
-        self,
-        factory: F,
-    ) -> PipelineFactory<
-        impl ServiceFactory<
-            Config = T::Config,
-            Request = T::Request,
-            Response = U::Response,
-            Error = T::Error,
-            InitError = T::InitError,
-        >,
-    >
+    pub fn and_then<F, U>(self, factory: F) -> PipelineFactory<AndThenServiceFactory<T, U>>
     where
         Self: Sized,
         F: IntoServiceFactory<U>,
@@ -131,7 +114,7 @@ impl<T: ServiceFactory> PipelineFactory<T> {
         >,
     {
         PipelineFactory {
-            factory: AndThenNewService::new(self.factory, factory.into_factory()),
+            factory: AndThenServiceFactory::new(self.factory, factory.into_factory()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -141,18 +124,7 @@ impl<T: ServiceFactory> PipelineFactory<T> {
     ///
     /// Note that this function consumes the receiving pipeline and returns a
     /// wrapped version of it.
-    pub fn then<F, U>(
-        self,
-        factory: F,
-    ) -> PipelineFactory<
-        impl ServiceFactory<
-            Config = T::Config,
-            Request = T::Request,
-            Response = U::Response,
-            Error = T::Error,
-            InitError = T::InitError,
-        >,
-    >
+    pub fn then<F, U>(self, factory: F) -> PipelineFactory<ThenServiceFactory<T, U>>
     where
         Self: Sized,
         F: IntoServiceFactory<U>,
@@ -164,7 +136,7 @@ impl<T: ServiceFactory> PipelineFactory<T> {
         >,
     {
         PipelineFactory {
-            factory: ThenNewService::new(self.factory, factory.into_factory()),
+            factory: ThenServiceFactory::new(self.factory, factory.into_factory()),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-service/src/then.rs b/actix-service/src/then.rs
index 8fbbe1e5..37ddc21e 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/then.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/then.rs
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 use super::{Service, ServiceFactory};
 use crate::cell::Cell;
 
@@ -11,43 +9,45 @@ use crate::cell::Cell;
 /// another service.
 ///
 /// This is created by the `ServiceExt::then` method.
-pub(crate) struct Then<A, B> {
+pub struct ThenService<A, B> {
     a: A,
     b: Cell<B>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Then<A, B> {
-    /// Create new `Then` combinator
-    pub fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Then<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ThenService<A, B> {
+    /// Create new `.then()` combinator
+    pub(crate) fn new(a: A, b: B) -> ThenService<A, B>
     where
         A: Service,
         B: Service<Request = Result<A::Response, A::Error>, Error = A::Error>,
     {
-        Then { a, b: Cell::new(b) }
+        Self { a, b: Cell::new(b) }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Clone for Then<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Clone for ThenService<A, B>
 where
     A: Clone,
 {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Then {
+        ThenService {
             a: self.a.clone(),
             b: self.b.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Service for Then<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Service for ThenService<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = Result<A::Response, A::Error>, Error = A::Error>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = B::Response;
     type Error = B::Error;
-    type Future = ThenFuture<A, B>;
+    type Future = ThenServiceResponse<A, B>;
 
     fn poll_ready(&mut self, ctx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Result<(), Self::Error>> {
         let not_ready = !self.a.poll_ready(ctx)?.is_ready();
@@ -59,30 +59,29 @@ where
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, req: A::Request) -> Self::Future {
-        ThenFuture::new(self.a.call(req), self.b.clone())
+        ThenServiceResponse::new(self.a.call(req), self.b.clone())
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct ThenFuture<A, B>
+pub struct ThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = Result<A::Response, A::Error>>,
 {
     b: Cell<B>,
-    #[pin]
     fut_b: Option<B::Future>,
-    #[pin]
     fut_a: Option<A::Future>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> ThenFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = Result<A::Response, A::Error>>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     fn new(a: A::Future, b: Cell<B>) -> Self {
-        ThenFuture {
+        ThenServiceResponse {
             b,
             fut_a: Some(a),
             fut_b: None,
@@ -90,34 +89,26 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Future for ThenFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Future for ThenServiceResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: Service,
     B: Service<Request = Result<A::Response, A::Error>>,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<B::Response, B::Error>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let mut this = self.project();
+        let this = self.get_mut();
 
         loop {
-            let mut fut_a = this.fut_a.as_mut();
-            let mut fut_b = this.fut_b.as_mut();
-
-            if let Some(fut) = fut_b.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
-                return fut.poll(cx);
+            if let Some(ref mut fut) = this.fut_b {
+                return Pin::new(fut).poll(cx);
             }
 
-            match fut_a
-                .as_mut()
-                .as_pin_mut()
-                .expect("Bug in actix-service")
-                .poll(cx)
-            {
+            match Pin::new(this.fut_a.as_mut().expect("Bug in actix-service")).poll(cx) {
                 Poll::Ready(r) => {
-                    fut_a.set(None);
-                    let new_fut = this.b.get_mut().call(r);
-                    fut_b.set(Some(new_fut));
+                    this.fut_b = Some(this.b.get_mut().call(r));
                 }
 
                 Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
@@ -127,12 +118,12 @@ where
 }
 
 /// `.then()` service factory combinator
-pub(crate) struct ThenNewService<A, B> {
+pub struct ThenServiceFactory<A, B> {
     a: A,
     b: B,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> ThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -143,12 +134,12 @@ where
     >,
 {
     /// Create new `AndThen` combinator
-    pub fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(a: A, b: B) -> Self {
         Self { a, b }
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> ServiceFactory for ThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ServiceFactory for ThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -157,22 +148,28 @@ where
         Error = A::Error,
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Request = A::Request;
     type Response = B::Response;
     type Error = A::Error;
 
     type Config = A::Config;
-    type Service = Then<A::Service, B::Service>;
+    type Service = ThenService<A::Service, B::Service>;
     type InitError = A::InitError;
-    type Future = ThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>;
+    type Future = ThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, cfg: &A::Config) -> Self::Future {
-        ThenNewServiceFuture::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.b.new_service(cfg))
+        ThenServiceFactoryResponse::new(self.a.new_service(cfg), self.b.new_service(cfg))
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Clone for ThenNewService<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Clone for ThenServiceFactory<A, B>
 where
     A: Clone,
     B: Clone,
@@ -185,8 +182,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub(crate) struct ThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+pub struct ThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -196,15 +192,13 @@ where
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut_b: B::Future,
-    #[pin]
     fut_a: A::Future,
     a: Option<A::Service>,
     b: Option<B::Service>,
 }
 
-impl<A, B> ThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> ThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -213,9 +207,15 @@ where
         Error = A::Error,
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
     fn new(fut_a: A::Future, fut_b: B::Future) -> Self {
-        ThenNewServiceFuture {
+        Self {
             fut_a,
             fut_b,
             a: None,
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<A, B> Future for ThenNewServiceFuture<A, B>
+impl<A, B> Future for ThenServiceFactoryResponse<A, B>
 where
     A: ServiceFactory,
     B: ServiceFactory<
@@ -233,23 +233,30 @@ where
         Error = A::Error,
         InitError = A::InitError,
     >,
+    A::Future: Unpin,
+    A::Service: Unpin,
+    <A::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Future: Unpin,
+    B::Service: Unpin,
+    <B::Service as Service>::Future: Unpin,
 {
-    type Output = Result<Then<A::Service, B::Service>, A::InitError>;
+    type Output = Result<ThenService<A::Service, B::Service>, A::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
         if this.a.is_none() {
-            if let Poll::Ready(service) = this.fut_a.poll(cx)? {
-                *this.a = Some(service);
+            if let Poll::Ready(service) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut_a).poll(cx)? {
+                this.a = Some(service);
             }
         }
         if this.b.is_none() {
-            if let Poll::Ready(service) = this.fut_b.poll(cx)? {
-                *this.b = Some(service);
+            if let Poll::Ready(service) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut_b).poll(cx)? {
+                this.b = Some(service);
             }
         }
         if this.a.is_some() && this.b.is_some() {
-            Poll::Ready(Ok(Then::new(
+            Poll::Ready(Ok(ThenService::new(
                 this.a.take().unwrap(),
                 this.b.take().unwrap(),
             )))
diff --git a/actix-service/src/transform.rs b/actix-service/src/transform.rs
index 5421ba78..d57a6296 100644
--- a/actix-service/src/transform.rs
+++ b/actix-service/src/transform.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 use std::future::Future;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::pin::Pin;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
-use crate::transform_err::TransformMapInitErr;
 use crate::{IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
 /// The `Transform` trait defines the interface of a Service factory. `Transform`
 /// is often implemented for middleware, defining how to construct a
 /// middleware Service. A Service that is constructed by the factory takes
@@ -45,7 +43,8 @@ pub trait Transform<S> {
     fn map_init_err<F, E>(self, f: F) -> TransformMapInitErr<Self, S, F, E>
     where
         Self: Sized,
-        F: Fn(Self::InitError) -> E,
+        Self::Future: Unpin,
+        F: Fn(Self::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
     {
         TransformMapInitErr::new(self, f)
     }
@@ -86,27 +85,19 @@ where
 /// Apply transform to a service. Function returns
 /// services factory that in initialization creates
 /// service and applies transform to this service.
-pub fn apply<T, S, U>(
-    t: T,
-    service: U,
-) -> impl ServiceFactory<
-    Config = S::Config,
-    Request = T::Request,
-    Response = T::Response,
-    Error = T::Error,
-    Service = T::Transform,
-    InitError = S::InitError,
-> + Clone
+pub fn apply<T, S, U>(t: T, service: U) -> ApplyTransform<T, S>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory,
+    S::Future: Unpin,
     T: Transform<S::Service, InitError = S::InitError>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
     U: IntoServiceFactory<S>,
 {
     ApplyTransform::new(t, service.into_factory())
 }
 
 /// `Apply` transform to new service
-struct ApplyTransform<T, S> {
+pub struct ApplyTransform<T, S> {
     s: Rc<S>,
     t: Rc<T>,
 }
@@ -137,7 +128,9 @@ impl<T, S> Clone for ApplyTransform<T, S> {
 impl<T, S> ServiceFactory for ApplyTransform<T, S>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory,
+    S::Future: Unpin,
     T: Transform<S::Service, InitError = S::InitError>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Request = T::Request;
     type Response = T::Response;
@@ -157,15 +150,12 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project]
-struct ApplyTransformFuture<T, S>
+pub struct ApplyTransformFuture<T, S>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory,
     T: Transform<S::Service, InitError = S::InitError>,
 {
-    #[pin]
     fut_a: S::Future,
-    #[pin]
     fut_t: Option<T::Future>,
     t_cell: Rc<T>,
 }
@@ -173,23 +163,114 @@ where
 impl<T, S> Future for ApplyTransformFuture<T, S>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory,
+    S::Future: Unpin,
     T: Transform<S::Service, InitError = S::InitError>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
 {
     type Output = Result<T::Transform, T::InitError>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let mut this = self.project();
+        let mut this = self.get_mut();
 
-        if this.fut_t.as_mut().as_pin_mut().is_none() {
-            if let Poll::Ready(service) = this.fut_a.poll(cx)? {
-                this.fut_t.set(Some(this.t_cell.new_transform(service)));
+        if this.fut_t.is_none() {
+            if let Poll::Ready(service) = Pin::new(&mut this.fut_a).poll(cx)? {
+                this.fut_t = Some(this.t_cell.new_transform(service));
+            } else {
+                return Poll::Pending;
             }
         }
 
-        if let Some(fut) = this.fut_t.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
-            fut.poll(cx)
+        if let Some(ref mut fut) = this.fut_t {
+            Pin::new(fut).poll(cx)
         } else {
             Poll::Pending
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Transform for the `map_err` combinator, changing the type of a new
+/// transform's init error.
+///
+/// This is created by the `Transform::map_err` method.
+pub struct TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E> {
+    t: T,
+    f: F,
+    e: PhantomData<(S, E)>,
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, E> TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E> {
+    /// Create new `TransformMapErr` new transform instance
+    pub(crate) fn new(t: T, f: F) -> Self
+    where
+        T: Transform<S>,
+        T::Future: Unpin,
+        F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
+    {
+        Self {
+            t,
+            f,
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, E> Clone for TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E>
+where
+    T: Clone,
+    F: Clone,
+{
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            t: self.t.clone(),
+            f: self.f.clone(),
+            e: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, E> Transform<S> for TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E>
+where
+    T: Transform<S>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
+{
+    type Request = T::Request;
+    type Response = T::Response;
+    type Error = T::Error;
+    type Transform = T::Transform;
+
+    type InitError = E;
+    type Future = TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>;
+
+    fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
+        TransformMapInitErrFuture {
+            fut: self.t.new_transform(service),
+            f: self.f.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>
+where
+    T: Transform<S>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Unpin,
+{
+    fut: T::Future,
+    f: F,
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, E> Future for TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>
+where
+    T: Transform<S>,
+    T::Future: Unpin,
+    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Unpin + Clone,
+{
+    type Output = Result<T::Transform, E>;
+
+    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        Pin::new(&mut this.fut).poll(cx).map_err(&this.f)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-service/src/transform_err.rs b/actix-service/src/transform_err.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d41de357..00000000
--- a/actix-service/src/transform_err.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-
-use pin_project::pin_project;
-
-use super::Transform;
-
-/// Transform for the `map_err` combinator, changing the type of a new
-/// transform's init error.
-///
-/// This is created by the `Transform::map_err` method.
-pub struct TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E> {
-    t: T,
-    f: F,
-    e: PhantomData<(S, E)>,
-}
-
-impl<T, S, F, E> TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E> {
-    /// Create new `TransformMapErr` new transform instance
-    pub fn new(t: T, f: F) -> Self
-    where
-        T: Transform<S>,
-        F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E,
-    {
-        Self {
-            t,
-            f,
-            e: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, S, F, E> Clone for TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E>
-where
-    T: Clone,
-    F: Clone,
-{
-    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            t: self.t.clone(),
-            f: self.f.clone(),
-            e: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T, S, F, E> Transform<S> for TransformMapInitErr<T, S, F, E>
-where
-    T: Transform<S>,
-    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Clone,
-{
-    type Request = T::Request;
-    type Response = T::Response;
-    type Error = T::Error;
-    type Transform = T::Transform;
-
-    type InitError = E;
-    type Future = TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>;
-
-    fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
-        TransformMapInitErrFuture {
-            fut: self.t.new_transform(service),
-            f: self.f.clone(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-#[pin_project]
-pub struct TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>
-where
-    T: Transform<S>,
-    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E,
-{
-    #[pin]
-    fut: T::Future,
-    f: F,
-}
-
-impl<T, S, F, E> Future for TransformMapInitErrFuture<T, S, F, E>
-where
-    T: Transform<S>,
-    F: Fn(T::InitError) -> E + Clone,
-{
-    type Output = Result<T::Transform, E>;
-
-    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        let this = self.project();
-        this.fut.poll(cx).map_err(this.f)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/actix-utils/src/framed.rs b/actix-utils/src/framed.rs
index ccdbabb5..c21d9f8c 100644
--- a/actix-utils/src/framed.rs
+++ b/actix-utils/src/framed.rs
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ where
             if !buf_empty {
                 match inner.buf.pop_front().unwrap() {
                     Ok(msg) => {
-                        if let Err(err) = framed.force_send(msg) {
+                        if let Err(err) = framed.write(msg) {
                             *state =
                                 TransportState::FramedError(FramedTransportError::Encoder(err));
                             return true;
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ where
             if !rx_done && rx.is_some() {
                 match Pin::new(rx.as_mut().unwrap()).poll_next(cx) {
                     Poll::Ready(Some(FramedMessage::Message(msg))) => {
-                        if let Err(err) = framed.force_send(msg) {
+                        if let Err(err) = framed.write(msg) {
                             *state =
                                 TransportState::FramedError(FramedTransportError::Encoder(err));
                             return true;