diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0b4ad38a6..f473ac554 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ members = [
 ]
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
-features = ["ssl", "tls", "rust-tls"]
+features = ["ssl", "tls", "rust-tls"] #, "session"]
 
 [features]
 default = ["brotli", "flate2-c"]
@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ flate2-c = ["flate2/miniz-sys"]
 # rust backend for flate2 crate
 flate2-rust = ["flate2/rust_backend"]
 
+# sessions feature, session require "ring" crate and c compiler
+# session = ["actix-session"]
+
 # tls
 tls = ["native-tls", "actix-server/ssl"]
 
@@ -56,10 +59,13 @@ ssl = ["openssl", "actix-server/ssl"]
 
 [dependencies]
 actix-codec = "0.1.0"
-actix-service = "0.3.2"
-actix-utils = "0.3.1"
+#actix-service = "0.3.2"
+#actix-utils = "0.3.1"
 actix-rt = "0.1.0"
 
+actix-service = { git = "https://github.com/actix/actix-net.git" }
+actix-utils = { git = "https://github.com/actix/actix-net.git" }
+
 actix-http = { git = "https://github.com/actix/actix-http.git" }
 actix-router = { git = "https://github.com/actix/actix-net.git" }
 actix-server = { git = "https://github.com/actix/actix-net.git" }
@@ -79,6 +85,9 @@ serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "^0.5.3"
 threadpool = "1.7"
 
+# middlewares
+# actix-session = { path="session", optional = true }
+
 # compression
 brotli2 = { version="^0.3.2", optional = true }
 flate2 = { version="^1.0.2", optional = true, default-features = false }
diff --git a/src/app.rs b/src/app.rs
index 8336fcca3..b21645016 100644
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ type HttpNewService<P> = BoxedNewService<(), ServiceRequest<P>, ServiceResponse,
 type BoxedResponse = Box<Future<Item = ServiceResponse, Error = ()>>;
 
 pub trait HttpServiceFactory<Request> {
-    type Factory: NewService<Request = Request>;
+    type Factory: NewService<Request>;
 
     fn rdef(&self) -> &ResourceDef;
 
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub trait HttpServiceFactory<Request> {
 /// for building application instances.
 pub struct App<P, T>
 where
-    T: NewService<Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
+    T: NewService<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
 {
     chain: T,
     extensions: Extensions,
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<P, T> App<P, T>
 where
     P: 'static,
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
+        ServiceRequest,
         Response = ServiceRequest<P>,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ where
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> Resource<P, U>,
         U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+                ServiceRequest<P>,
                 Response = ServiceResponse,
                 Error = (),
                 InitError = (),
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ where
         P,
         B,
         impl NewService<
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse<B>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ where
     where
         M: Transform<
             AppRouting<P>,
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse<B>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
         >,
-        F: IntoTransform<M, AppRouting<P>>,
+        F: IntoTransform<M, AppRouting<P>, ServiceRequest<P>>,
     {
         let fref = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
         let endpoint = ApplyTransform::new(mw, AppEntry::new(fref.clone()));
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ where
     ) -> App<
         P1,
         impl NewService<
-            Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
+            ServiceRequest,
             Response = ServiceRequest<P1>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
@@ -277,13 +277,12 @@ where
     >
     where
         C: NewService<
-            (),
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceRequest<P1>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
         >,
-        F: IntoNewService<C>,
+        F: IntoNewService<C, ServiceRequest<P>>,
     {
         let chain = self.chain.and_then(chain.into_new_service());
         App {
@@ -326,7 +325,7 @@ where
     P: 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse<B>,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -406,7 +405,7 @@ where
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> Resource<P, U>,
         U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+                ServiceRequest<P>,
                 Response = ServiceResponse,
                 Error = (),
                 InitError = (),
@@ -430,12 +429,9 @@ where
     pub fn default_resource<F, R, U>(mut self, f: F) -> Self
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> R,
-        R: IntoNewService<U>,
-        U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
-                Response = ServiceResponse,
-                Error = (),
-            > + 'static,
+        R: IntoNewService<U, ServiceRequest<P>>,
+        U: NewService<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse, Error = ()>
+            + 'static,
     {
         // create and configure default resource
         self.default = Some(Rc::new(boxed::new_service(
@@ -449,12 +445,9 @@ where
     pub fn service<R, F, U>(mut self, rdef: R, factory: F) -> Self
     where
         R: Into<ResourceDef>,
-        F: IntoNewService<U>,
-        U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
-                Response = ServiceResponse,
-                Error = (),
-            > + 'static,
+        F: IntoNewService<U, ServiceRequest<P>>,
+        U: NewService<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse, Error = ()>
+            + 'static,
     {
         self.services.push((
             rdef.into(),
@@ -473,7 +466,7 @@ where
         P,
         B1,
         impl NewService<
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse<B1>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
@@ -482,13 +475,13 @@ where
     where
         M: Transform<
             T::Service,
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse<B1>,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
         >,
         B1: MessageBody,
-        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service>,
+        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service, ServiceRequest<P>>,
     {
         let endpoint = ApplyTransform::new(mw, self.endpoint);
         AppRouter {
@@ -542,22 +535,23 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<C, T, P: 'static, B: MessageBody>
-    IntoNewService<AndThenNewService<AppInit<C, P>, T, ()>> for AppRouter<C, P, B, T>
+    IntoNewService<AndThenNewService<AppInit<C, P>, T>, Request>
+    for AppRouter<C, P, B, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse<B>,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
     >,
     C: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
+        ServiceRequest,
         Response = ServiceRequest<P>,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
     >,
 {
-    fn into_new_service(self) -> AndThenNewService<AppInit<C, P>, T, ()> {
+    fn into_new_service(self) -> AndThenNewService<AppInit<C, P>, T> {
         // update resource default service
         if self.default.is_some() {
             for default in &self.defaults {
@@ -592,8 +586,7 @@ pub struct AppRoutingFactory<P> {
     default: Option<Rc<HttpNewService<P>>>,
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for AppRoutingFactory<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for AppRoutingFactory<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -709,8 +702,7 @@ pub struct AppRouting<P> {
     default: Option<HttpService<P>>,
 }
 
-impl<P> Service for AppRouting<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for AppRouting<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = Either<BoxedResponse, FutureResult<Self::Response, Self::Error>>;
@@ -758,8 +750,7 @@ impl<P> AppEntry<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for AppEntry<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for AppEntry<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -774,9 +765,8 @@ impl<P: 'static> NewService for AppEntry<P> {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub struct AppChain;
 
-impl NewService<()> for AppChain {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>;
-    type Response = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>;
+impl NewService<ServiceRequest> for AppChain {
+    type Response = ServiceRequest;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
     type Service = AppChain;
@@ -787,9 +777,8 @@ impl NewService<()> for AppChain {
     }
 }
 
-impl Service for AppChain {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>;
-    type Response = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>;
+impl Service<ServiceRequest> for AppChain {
+    type Response = ServiceRequest;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = FutureResult<Self::Response, Self::Error>;
 
@@ -799,7 +788,7 @@ impl Service for AppChain {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Self::Request) -> Self::Future {
+    fn call(&mut self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
         ok(req)
     }
 }
@@ -808,22 +797,17 @@ impl Service for AppChain {
 /// It also executes state factories.
 pub struct AppInit<C, P>
 where
-    C: NewService<Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
+    C: NewService<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
 {
     chain: C,
     state: Vec<Box<StateFactory>>,
     extensions: Rc<RefCell<Rc<Extensions>>>,
 }
 
-impl<C, P: 'static> NewService for AppInit<C, P>
+impl<C, P: 'static> NewService<Request> for AppInit<C, P>
 where
-    C: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
-        Response = ServiceRequest<P>,
-        InitError = (),
-    >,
+    C: NewService<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>, InitError = ()>,
 {
-    type Request = Request<PayloadStream>;
     type Response = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Error = C::Error;
     type InitError = C::InitError;
@@ -842,11 +826,7 @@ where
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub struct AppInitResult<C, P>
 where
-    C: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
-        Response = ServiceRequest<P>,
-        InitError = (),
-    >,
+    C: NewService<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>, InitError = ()>,
 {
     chain: C::Future,
     state: Vec<Box<StateFactoryResult>>,
@@ -855,11 +835,7 @@ where
 
 impl<C, P> Future for AppInitResult<C, P>
 where
-    C: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>,
-        Response = ServiceRequest<P>,
-        InitError = (),
-    >,
+    C: NewService<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>, InitError = ()>,
 {
     type Item = AppInitService<C::Service, P>;
     type Error = C::InitError;
@@ -893,17 +869,16 @@ where
 /// Service to convert `Request` to a `ServiceRequest<S>`
 pub struct AppInitService<C, P>
 where
-    C: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
+    C: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
 {
     chain: C,
     extensions: Rc<Extensions>,
 }
 
-impl<C, P> Service for AppInitService<C, P>
+impl<C, P> Service<Request> for AppInitService<C, P>
 where
-    C: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<PayloadStream>, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
+    C: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceRequest<P>>,
 {
-    type Request = Request<PayloadStream>;
     type Response = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Error = C::Error;
     type Future = C::Future;
@@ -912,7 +887,7 @@ where
         self.chain.poll_ready()
     }
 
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Request<PayloadStream>) -> Self::Future {
+    fn call(&mut self, req: Request) -> Self::Future {
         let req = ServiceRequest::new(
             Path::new(Url::new(req.uri().clone())),
             req,
diff --git a/src/handler.rs b/src/handler.rs
index 98a36c562..442dc60d8 100644
--- a/src/handler.rs
+++ b/src/handler.rs
@@ -52,12 +52,11 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
-impl<F, T, R> NewService for Handle<F, T, R>
+impl<F, T, R> NewService<(T, HttpRequest)> for Handle<F, T, R>
 where
     F: Factory<T, R>,
     R: Responder + 'static,
 {
-    type Request = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = Void;
     type InitError = ();
@@ -82,12 +81,11 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<(T, R)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, T, R> Service for HandleService<F, T, R>
+impl<F, T, R> Service<(T, HttpRequest)> for HandleService<F, T, R>
 where
     F: Factory<T, R>,
     R: Responder + 'static,
 {
-    type Request = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = Void;
     type Future = HandleServiceResponse<<R::Future as IntoFuture>::Future>;
@@ -184,14 +182,13 @@ where
         }
     }
 }
-impl<F, T, R> NewService for AsyncHandle<F, T, R>
+impl<F, T, R> NewService<(T, HttpRequest)> for AsyncHandle<F, T, R>
 where
     F: AsyncFactory<T, R>,
     R: IntoFuture,
     R::Item: Into<Response>,
     R::Error: Into<Error>,
 {
-    type Request = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -218,14 +215,13 @@ where
     _t: PhantomData<(T, R)>,
 }
 
-impl<F, T, R> Service for AsyncHandleService<F, T, R>
+impl<F, T, R> Service<(T, HttpRequest)> for AsyncHandleService<F, T, R>
 where
     F: AsyncFactory<T, R>,
     R: IntoFuture,
     R::Item: Into<Response>,
     R::Error: Into<Error>,
 {
-    type Request = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = AsyncHandleServiceResponse<R::Future>;
@@ -290,8 +286,7 @@ impl<P, T: FromRequest<P>> Extract<P, T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P, T: FromRequest<P>> NewService for Extract<P, T> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P, T: FromRequest<P>> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for Extract<P, T> {
     type Response = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>);
     type InitError = ();
@@ -311,8 +306,7 @@ pub struct ExtractService<P, T: FromRequest<P>> {
     _t: PhantomData<(P, T)>,
 }
 
-impl<P, T: FromRequest<P>> Service for ExtractService<P, T> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P, T: FromRequest<P>> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for ExtractService<P, T> {
     type Response = (T, HttpRequest);
     type Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>);
     type Future = ExtractResponse<P, T>;
diff --git a/src/middleware/compress.rs b/src/middleware/compress.rs
index b95553cb5..c6f090a68 100644
--- a/src/middleware/compress.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/compress.rs
@@ -36,14 +36,13 @@ impl Default for Compress {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, P, B> Transform<S> for Compress
+impl<S, P, B> Transform<S, ServiceRequest<P>> for Compress
 where
     P: 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse<Encoder<B>>;
     type Error = S::Error;
     type InitError = ();
@@ -63,14 +62,13 @@ pub struct CompressMiddleware<S> {
     encoding: ContentEncoding,
 }
 
-impl<S, P, B> Service for CompressMiddleware<S>
+impl<S, P, B> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for CompressMiddleware<S>
 where
     P: 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse<Encoder<B>>;
     type Error = S::Error;
     type Future = CompressResponse<S, P, B>;
@@ -103,7 +101,7 @@ pub struct CompressResponse<S, P, B>
 where
     P: 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
     fut: S::Future,
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ impl<S, P, B> Future for CompressResponse<S, P, B>
 where
     P: 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
     type Item = ServiceResponse<Encoder<B>>;
diff --git a/src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs b/src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs
index 2bd1d5d46..5fd519195 100644
--- a/src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs
@@ -84,12 +84,11 @@ impl DefaultHeaders {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, P, B> Transform<S> for DefaultHeaders
+impl<S, P, B> Transform<S, ServiceRequest<P>> for DefaultHeaders
 where
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse<B>;
     type Error = S::Error;
     type InitError = ();
@@ -109,12 +108,11 @@ pub struct DefaultHeadersMiddleware<S> {
     inner: Rc<Inner>,
 }
 
-impl<S, P, B> Service for DefaultHeadersMiddleware<S>
+impl<S, P, B> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for DefaultHeadersMiddleware<S>
 where
-    S: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse<B>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse<B>;
     type Error = S::Error;
     type Future = Box<Future<Item = Self::Response, Error = Self::Error>>;
diff --git a/src/middleware/mod.rs b/src/middleware/mod.rs
index fc9923029..8c4cd7543 100644
--- a/src/middleware/mod.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/mod.rs
@@ -5,3 +5,6 @@ pub use self::compress::Compress;
 
 mod defaultheaders;
 pub use self::defaultheaders::DefaultHeaders;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "session")]
+pub use actix_session as session;
diff --git a/src/resource.rs b/src/resource.rs
index 755b8d075..8d81ead06 100644
--- a/src/resource.rs
+++ b/src/resource.rs
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl<P> Default for Resource<P> {
 impl<P: 'static, T> Resource<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ where
     ) -> Resource<
         P,
         impl NewService<
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
@@ -196,12 +196,12 @@ where
     where
         M: Transform<
             T::Service,
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
         >,
-        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service>,
+        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service, ServiceRequest<P>>,
     {
         let endpoint = ApplyTransform::new(mw, self.endpoint);
         Resource {
@@ -216,12 +216,9 @@ where
     pub fn default_resource<F, R, U>(mut self, f: F) -> Self
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> R,
-        R: IntoNewService<U>,
-        U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
-                Response = ServiceResponse,
-                Error = (),
-            > + 'static,
+        R: IntoNewService<U, ServiceRequest<P>>,
+        U: NewService<ServiceRequest<P>, Response = ServiceResponse, Error = ()>
+            + 'static,
     {
         // create and configure default resource
         self.default = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Some(Rc::new(boxed::new_service(
@@ -236,10 +233,10 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<P, T> IntoNewService<T> for Resource<P, T>
+impl<P, T> IntoNewService<T, ServiceRequest<P>> for Resource<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -260,8 +257,7 @@ pub struct ResourceFactory<P> {
     default: Rc<RefCell<Option<Rc<HttpNewService<P>>>>>,
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for ResourceFactory<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for ResourceFactory<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -351,8 +347,7 @@ pub struct ResourceService<P> {
     default: Option<HttpService<P>>,
 }
 
-impl<P> Service for ResourceService<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for ResourceService<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = Either<
@@ -396,8 +391,7 @@ impl<P> ResourceEndpoint<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for ResourceEndpoint<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for ResourceEndpoint<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
diff --git a/src/route.rs b/src/route.rs
index 72abeb324..42e784881 100644
--- a/src/route.rs
+++ b/src/route.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use actix_http::{http::Method, Error, Extensions, Response};
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ use crate::HttpResponse;
 
 type BoxedRouteService<Req, Res> = Box<
     Service<
-        Request = Req,
+        Req,
         Response = Res,
         Error = (),
         Future = Box<Future<Item = Res, Error = ()>>,
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ type BoxedRouteService<Req, Res> = Box<
 
 type BoxedRouteNewService<Req, Res> = Box<
     NewService<
-        Request = Req,
+        Req,
         Response = Res,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -85,8 +86,7 @@ impl<P: 'static> Route<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> NewService for Route<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for Route<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -141,8 +141,7 @@ impl<P> RouteService<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P> Service for RouteService<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for RouteService<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = Box<Future<Item = Self::Response, Error = Self::Error>>;
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ impl<P> Service for RouteService<P> {
         self.service.poll_ready()
     }
 
-    fn call(&mut self, req: Self::Request) -> Self::Future {
+    fn call(&mut self, req: ServiceRequest<P>) -> Self::Future {
         self.service.call(req)
     }
 }
@@ -348,43 +347,46 @@ impl<P: 'static> Route<P> {
 
 struct RouteNewService<P, T>
 where
-    T: NewService<Request = ServiceRequest<P>, Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>)>,
+    T: NewService<ServiceRequest<P>, Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>)>,
 {
     service: T,
+    _t: PhantomData<P>,
 }
 
 impl<P: 'static, T> RouteNewService<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>),
     >,
     T::Future: 'static,
     T::Service: 'static,
-    <T::Service as Service>::Future: 'static,
+    <T::Service as Service<ServiceRequest<P>>>::Future: 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(service: T) -> Self {
-        RouteNewService { service }
+        RouteNewService {
+            service,
+            _t: PhantomData,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static, T> NewService for RouteNewService<P, T>
+impl<P: 'static, T> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for RouteNewService<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>),
     >,
     T::Future: 'static,
     T::Service: 'static,
-    <T::Service as Service>::Future: 'static,
+    <T::Service as Service<ServiceRequest<P>>>::Future: 'static,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
-    type Service = BoxedRouteService<Self::Request, Self::Response>;
+    type Service = BoxedRouteService<ServiceRequest<P>, Self::Response>;
     type Future = Box<Future<Item = Self::Service, Error = Self::InitError>>;
 
     fn new_service(&self, _: &()) -> Self::Future {
@@ -394,27 +396,30 @@ where
                 .map_err(|_| ())
                 .and_then(|service| {
                     let service: BoxedRouteService<_, _> =
-                        Box::new(RouteServiceWrapper { service });
+                        Box::new(RouteServiceWrapper {
+                            service,
+                            _t: PhantomData,
+                        });
                     Ok(service)
                 }),
         )
     }
 }
 
-struct RouteServiceWrapper<P, T: Service<Request = ServiceRequest<P>>> {
+struct RouteServiceWrapper<P, T: Service<ServiceRequest<P>>> {
     service: T,
+    _t: PhantomData<P>,
 }
 
-impl<P, T> Service for RouteServiceWrapper<P, T>
+impl<P, T> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for RouteServiceWrapper<P, T>
 where
     T::Future: 'static,
     T: Service<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (Error, ServiceFromRequest<P>),
     >,
 {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = Box<Future<Item = Self::Response, Error = Self::Error>>;
diff --git a/src/scope.rs b/src/scope.rs
index b255ac14b..fa7392b41 100644
--- a/src/scope.rs
+++ b/src/scope.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl<P: 'static> Scope<P> {
 impl<P: 'static, T> Scope<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ where
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> Resource<P, U>,
         U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+                ServiceRequest<P>,
                 Response = ServiceResponse,
                 Error = (),
                 InitError = (),
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ where
     where
         F: FnOnce(Resource<P>) -> Resource<P, U>,
         U: NewService<
-                Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+                ServiceRequest<P>,
                 Response = ServiceResponse,
                 Error = (),
                 InitError = (),
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ where
     ) -> Scope<
         P,
         impl NewService<
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
@@ -253,12 +253,12 @@ where
     where
         M: Transform<
             T::Service,
-            Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+            ServiceRequest<P>,
             Response = ServiceResponse,
             Error = (),
             InitError = (),
         >,
-        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service>,
+        F: IntoTransform<M, T::Service, ServiceRequest<P>>,
     {
         let endpoint = ApplyTransform::new(mw, self.endpoint);
         Scope {
@@ -293,10 +293,10 @@ pub(crate) fn insert_slash(path: &str) -> String {
     path
 }
 
-impl<P, T> IntoNewService<T> for Scope<P, T>
+impl<P, T> IntoNewService<T, ServiceRequest<P>> for Scope<P, T>
 where
     T: NewService<
-        Request = ServiceRequest<P>,
+        ServiceRequest<P>,
         Response = ServiceResponse,
         Error = (),
         InitError = (),
@@ -331,8 +331,7 @@ pub struct ScopeFactory<P> {
     default: Rc<RefCell<Option<Rc<HttpNewService<P>>>>>,
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for ScopeFactory<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for ScopeFactory<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
@@ -448,8 +447,7 @@ pub struct ScopeService<P> {
     _ready: Option<(ServiceRequest<P>, ResourceInfo)>,
 }
 
-impl<P> Service for ScopeService<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P> Service<ServiceRequest<P>> for ScopeService<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type Future = Either<BoxedResponse, FutureResult<Self::Response, Self::Error>>;
@@ -492,8 +490,7 @@ impl<P> ScopeEndpoint<P> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<P: 'static> NewService for ScopeEndpoint<P> {
-    type Request = ServiceRequest<P>;
+impl<P: 'static> NewService<ServiceRequest<P>> for ScopeEndpoint<P> {
     type Response = ServiceResponse;
     type Error = ();
     type InitError = ();
diff --git a/src/server.rs b/src/server.rs
index 95cab2b08..78ba692e4 100644
--- a/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/server.rs
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ struct Config {
 pub struct HttpServer<F, I, S, B>
 where
     F: Fn() -> I + Send + Clone + 'static,
-    I: IntoNewService<S>,
-    S: NewService<Request = Request>,
+    I: IntoNewService<S, Request>,
+    S: NewService<Request>,
     S::Error: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     S::Service: 'static,
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ where
 impl<F, I, S, B> HttpServer<F, I, S, B>
 where
     F: Fn() -> I + Send + Clone + 'static,
-    I: IntoNewService<S>,
-    S: NewService<Request = Request>,
+    I: IntoNewService<S, Request>,
+    S: NewService<Request>,
     S::Error: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     S::Service: 'static,
@@ -431,8 +431,8 @@ where
 impl<F, I, S, B> HttpServer<F, I, S, B>
 where
     F: Fn() -> I + Send + Clone + 'static,
-    I: IntoNewService<S>,
-    S: NewService<Request = Request>,
+    I: IntoNewService<S, Request>,
+    S: NewService<Request>,
     S::Error: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     S::Service: 'static,
diff --git a/src/service.rs b/src/service.rs
index 637a8668a..50b2924ad 100644
--- a/src/service.rs
+++ b/src/service.rs
@@ -5,15 +5,15 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use actix_http::body::{Body, MessageBody, ResponseBody};
 use actix_http::http::{HeaderMap, Method, Uri, Version};
 use actix_http::{
-    Error, Extensions, HttpMessage, Payload, Request, RequestHead, Response,
-    ResponseHead,
+    Error, Extensions, HttpMessage, Payload, PayloadStream, Request, RequestHead,
+    Response, ResponseHead,
 };
 use actix_router::{Path, Resource, Url};
 use futures::future::{ok, FutureResult, IntoFuture};
 
 use crate::request::HttpRequest;
 
-pub struct ServiceRequest<P> {
+pub struct ServiceRequest<P = PayloadStream> {
     req: HttpRequest,
     payload: Payload<P>,
 }