response header rework (#1869)

CHANGES.md

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@
 ### Removed
 * Public field of `web::Path` has been made private. [#1894]
 * Public field of `web::Query` has been made private. [#1894]
+* `TestRequest::with_header`; use `TestRequest::default().insert_header()`. [#1869]
 
 [#1891]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1891
 [#1893]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1893
 [#1894]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1894
+[#1869]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1869
 
 
 ## 4.0.0-beta.1 - 2021-01-07

actix-files/src/lib.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ mod tests {
             header::HttpDate::from(SystemTime::now().add(Duration::from_secs(60)));
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since)
+            .insert_header((header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since))
             .to_http_request();
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED);
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ mod tests {
         let since = file.last_modified().unwrap();
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since)
+            .insert_header((header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since))
             .to_http_request();
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED);
@@ -126,8 +126,8 @@ mod tests {
             header::HttpDate::from(SystemTime::now().add(Duration::from_secs(60)));
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::IF_NONE_MATCH, "miss_etag")
+            .insert_header((header::IF_NONE_MATCH, "miss_etag"))
-            .header(header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since)
+            .insert_header((header::IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, since))
             .to_http_request();
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req).await.unwrap();
         assert_ne!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED);
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ mod tests {
         let since = file.last_modified().unwrap();
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE, since)
+            .insert_header((header::IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE, since))
             .to_http_request();
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ mod tests {
         let since = header::HttpDate::from(SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH);
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE, since)
+            .insert_header((header::IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE, since))
             .to_http_request();
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Valid range header
         let request = TestRequest::get()
             .uri("/t%65st/Cargo.toml")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20"))
             .to_request();
         let response = test::call_service(&mut srv, request).await;
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT);
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Invalid range header
         let request = TestRequest::get()
             .uri("/t%65st/Cargo.toml")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=1-0")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=1-0"))
             .to_request();
         let response = test::call_service(&mut srv, request).await;
 
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Valid range header
         let response = srv
             .get("/tests/test.binary")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20"))
             .send()
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Invalid range header
         let response = srv
             .get("/tests/test.binary")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-5")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=10-5"))
             .send()
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Valid range header
         let response = srv
             .get("/tests/test.binary")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20"))
             .send()
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Valid range header, starting from 0
         let response = srv
             .get("/tests/test.binary")
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=0-20")
+            .insert_header((header::RANGE, "bytes=0-20"))
             .send()
             .await
             .unwrap();
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let request = TestRequest::get()
             .uri("/")
-            .header(header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+            .insert_header((header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
             .to_request();
         let res = test::call_service(&mut srv, request).await;
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let request = TestRequest::get()
             .uri("/")
-            .header(header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+            .insert_header((header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
             .to_request();
         let res = test::call_service(&mut srv, request).await;
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);

actix-files/src/named.rs

@@ -282,16 +282,16 @@ impl NamedFile {
 
             if self.flags.contains(Flags::PREFER_UTF8) {
                 let ct = equiv_utf8_text(self.content_type.clone());
-                res.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, ct.to_string());
+                res.insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, ct.to_string()));
             } else {
-                res.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, self.content_type.to_string());
+                res.insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, self.content_type.to_string()));
             }
 
             if self.flags.contains(Flags::CONTENT_DISPOSITION) {
-                res.header(
+                res.insert_header((
                     header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
                     self.content_disposition.to_string(),
-                );
+                ));
             }
 
             if let Some(current_encoding) = self.encoding {
@@ -361,16 +361,16 @@ impl NamedFile {
 
         if self.flags.contains(Flags::PREFER_UTF8) {
             let ct = equiv_utf8_text(self.content_type.clone());
-            resp.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, ct.to_string());
+            resp.insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, ct.to_string()));
         } else {
-            resp.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, self.content_type.to_string());
+            resp.insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, self.content_type.to_string()));
         }
 
         if self.flags.contains(Flags::CONTENT_DISPOSITION) {
-            resp.header(
+            resp.insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
                 self.content_disposition.to_string(),
-            );
+            ));
         }
 
         // default compressing
@@ -379,14 +379,14 @@ impl NamedFile {
         }
 
         if let Some(lm) = last_modified {
-            resp.header(header::LAST_MODIFIED, lm.to_string());
+            resp.insert_header((header::LAST_MODIFIED, lm.to_string()));
         }
 
         if let Some(etag) = etag {
-            resp.header(header::ETAG, etag.to_string());
+            resp.insert_header((header::ETAG, etag.to_string()));
         }
 
-        resp.header(header::ACCEPT_RANGES, "bytes");
+        resp.insert_header((header::ACCEPT_RANGES, "bytes"));
 
         let mut length = self.md.len();
         let mut offset = 0;
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ impl NamedFile {
                     offset = ranges[0].start;
 
                     resp.encoding(ContentEncoding::Identity);
-                    resp.header(
+                    resp.insert_header((
                         header::CONTENT_RANGE,
                         format!(
                             "bytes {}-{}/{}",
@@ -407,9 +407,12 @@ impl NamedFile {
                             offset + length - 1,
                             self.md.len()
                         ),
-                    );
+                    ));
                 } else {
-                    resp.header(header::CONTENT_RANGE, format!("bytes */{}", length));
+                    resp.insert_header((
+                        header::CONTENT_RANGE,
+                        format!("bytes */{}", length),
+                    ));
                     return resp.status(StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE).finish();
                 };
             } else {

actix-files/src/service.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ impl Service<ServiceRequest> for FilesService {
         if !is_method_valid {
             return Either::Left(ok(req.into_response(
                 actix_web::HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()
-                    .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain")
+                    .insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8))
                     .body("Request did not meet this resource's requirements."),
             )));
         }
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl Service<ServiceRequest> for FilesService {
 
                     return Either::Left(ok(req.into_response(
                         HttpResponse::Found()
-                            .header(header::LOCATION, redirect_to)
+                            .insert_header((header::LOCATION, redirect_to))
                             .body("")
                             .into_body(),
                     )));

actix-http/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,8 +1,26 @@
 # Changes
 
 ## Unreleased - 2021-xx-xx
-* `Response::content_type` now takes an `impl IntoHeaderValue` to support `mime` types. [#1894]
+### Added
+* `IntoHeaderPair` trait that allows using typed and untyped headers in the same methods. [#1869]
+* `ResponseBuilder::insert_header` method which allows using typed headers. [#1869]
+* `ResponseBuilder::append_header` method which allows using typed headers. [#1869]
+* `TestRequest::insert_header` method which allows using typed headers. [#1869]
 
+### Changed
+* `ResponseBuilder::content_type` now takes an `impl IntoHeaderValue` to support using typed
+  `mime` types. [#1894]
+* Renamed `IntoHeaderValue::{try_into => try_into_value}` to avoid ambiguity with std
+  `TryInto` trait. [#1894]
+
+### Removed
+* `ResponseBuilder::set`; use `ResponseBuilder::insert_header`. [#1869]
+* `ResponseBuilder::set_header`; use `ResponseBuilder::insert_header`. [#1869]
+* `ResponseBuilder::header`; use `ResponseBuilder::append_header`. [#1869]
+* `TestRequest::with_hdr`; use `TestRequest::default().insert_header()`. [#1869]
+* `TestRequest::with_header`; use `TestRequest::default().insert_header()`. [#1869]
+
+[#1869]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1869
 [#1894]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1894
 
 
@@ -34,6 +52,7 @@
 [#1864]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1864
 [#1878]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1878
 
+
 ## 2.2.0 - 2020-11-25
 ### Added
 * HttpResponse builders for 1xx status codes. [#1768]

actix-http/Cargo.toml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ encoding_rs = "0.8"
 futures-channel = { version = "0.3.7", default-features = false }
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.7", default-features = false }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.7", default-features = false, features = ["sink"] }
-fxhash = "0.2.1"
+ahash = "0.6"
 h2 = "0.3.0"
 http = "0.2.2"
 httparse = "1.3"
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ regex = "1.3"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 sha-1 = "0.9"
+smallvec = "1.6"
 slab = "0.4"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7"
 time = { version = "0.2.7", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }

actix-http/examples/echo.rs

@@ -26,7 +26,10 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
                     info!("request body: {:?}", body);
                     Ok::<_, Error>(
                         Response::Ok()
-                            .header("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!"))
+                            .insert_header((
+                                "x-head",
+                                HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!"),
+                            ))
                             .body(body),
                     )
                 })

actix-http/examples/echo2.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ async fn handle_request(mut req: Request) -> Result<Response, Error> {
 
     info!("request body: {:?}", body);
     Ok(Response::Ok()
-        .header("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!"))
+        .insert_header(("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!")))
         .body(body))
 }
 

actix-http/examples/hello-world.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
                 .finish(|_req| {
                     info!("{:?}", _req);
                     let mut res = Response::Ok();
-                    res.header("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!"));
+                    res.insert_header((
+                        "x-head",
+                        HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!"),
+                    ));
                     future::ok::<_, ()>(res.body("Hello world!"))
                 })
                 .tcp()

actix-http/src/client/h1proto.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ where
                 Some(port) => write!(wrt, "{}:{}", host, port),
             };
 
-            match wrt.get_mut().split().freeze().try_into() {
+            match wrt.get_mut().split().freeze().try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => match head {
                     RequestHeadType::Owned(ref mut head) => {
                         head.headers.insert(HOST, value)

actix-http/src/client/pool.rs

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf};
 use actix_rt::time::{sleep, Sleep};
 use actix_service::Service;
 use actix_utils::task::LocalWaker;
+use ahash::AHashMap;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures_channel::oneshot;
 use futures_util::future::{poll_fn, FutureExt, LocalBoxFuture};
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use h2::client::{Connection, SendRequest};
 use http::uri::Authority;
 use indexmap::IndexSet;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ where
             acquired: 0,
             waiters: Slab::new(),
             waiters_queue: IndexSet::new(),
-            available: FxHashMap::default(),
+            available: AHashMap::default(),
             waker: LocalWaker::new(),
         }));
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ struct AvailableConnection<Io> {
 pub(crate) struct Inner<Io> {
     config: ConnectorConfig,
     acquired: usize,
-    available: FxHashMap<Key, VecDeque<AvailableConnection<Io>>>,
+    available: AHashMap<Key, VecDeque<AvailableConnection<Io>>>,
     waiters: Slab<
         Option<(
             Connect,

actix-http/src/extensions.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-use std::any::{Any, TypeId};
+use std::{
-use std::{fmt, mem};
+    any::{Any, TypeId},
+    fmt, mem,
+};
 
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
+use ahash::AHashMap;
 
 /// A type map of request extensions.
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Extensions {
     /// Use FxHasher with a std HashMap with for faster
     /// lookups on the small `TypeId` (u64 equivalent) keys.
-    map: FxHashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn Any>>,
+    map: AHashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn Any>>,
 }
 
 impl Extensions {
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ impl Extensions {
     #[inline]
     pub fn new() -> Extensions {
         Extensions {
-            map: FxHashMap::default(),
+            map: AHashMap::default(),
         }
     }
 

actix-http/src/header/common/accept.rs

@@ -32,50 +32,36 @@ header! {
     /// * `text/plain; q=0.5, text/html, text/x-dvi; q=0.8, text/x-c`
     ///
     /// # Examples
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
-    /// extern crate mime;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{Accept, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    ///
+    /// builder.insert_header(
-    /// builder.set(
     ///     Accept(vec![
     ///         qitem(mime::TEXT_HTML),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
-    /// extern crate mime;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{Accept, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    ///
+    /// builder.insert_header(
-    /// builder.set(
     ///     Accept(vec![
     ///         qitem(mime::APPLICATION_JSON),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
-    /// extern crate mime;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{Accept, QualityItem, q, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    ///
+    /// builder.insert_header(
-    /// builder.set(
     ///     Accept(vec![
     ///         qitem(mime::TEXT_HTML),
     ///         qitem("application/xhtml+xml".parse().unwrap()),
@@ -90,7 +76,6 @@ header! {
     ///         ),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (Accept, header::ACCEPT) => (QualityItem<Mime>)+
 
@@ -132,7 +117,7 @@ header! {
         #[test]
         fn test_fuzzing1() {
             use crate::test::TestRequest;
-            let req = TestRequest::with_header(crate::header::ACCEPT, "chunk#;e").finish();
+            let req = TestRequest::default().insert_header((crate::header::ACCEPT, "chunk#;e")).finish();
             let header = Accept::parse(&req);
             assert!(header.is_ok());
         }

actix-http/src/header/common/accept_charset.rs

@@ -21,44 +21,37 @@ header! {
     /// * `iso-8859-5, unicode-1-1;q=0.8`
     ///
     /// # Examples
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{AcceptCharset, Charset, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     AcceptCharset(vec![qitem(Charset::Us_Ascii)])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
-    /// ```rust
+    ///
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{AcceptCharset, Charset, q, QualityItem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     AcceptCharset(vec![
     ///         QualityItem::new(Charset::Us_Ascii, q(900)),
     ///         QualityItem::new(Charset::Iso_8859_10, q(200)),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
-    /// ```rust
+    ///
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{AcceptCharset, Charset, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     AcceptCharset(vec![qitem(Charset::Ext("utf-8".to_owned()))])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (AcceptCharset, ACCEPT_CHARSET) => (QualityItem<Charset>)+
 

actix-http/src/header/common/accept_language.rs

@@ -22,41 +22,35 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// use language_tags::langtag;
-    /// # extern crate language_tags;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{AcceptLanguage, LanguageTag, qitem};
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
     /// let mut langtag: LanguageTag = Default::default();
     /// langtag.language = Some("en".to_owned());
     /// langtag.region = Some("US".to_owned());
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     AcceptLanguage(vec![
     ///         qitem(langtag),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// use language_tags::langtag;
-    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate language_tags;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{AcceptLanguage, QualityItem, q, qitem};
-    /// #
+    ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     AcceptLanguage(vec![
     ///         qitem(langtag!(da)),
     ///         QualityItem::new(langtag!(en;;;GB), q(800)),
     ///         QualityItem::new(langtag!(en), q(700)),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (AcceptLanguage, ACCEPT_LANGUAGE) => (QualityItem<LanguageTag>)+
 

actix-http/src/header/common/allow.rs

@@ -22,38 +22,28 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate http;
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
-    /// use actix_http::http::header::Allow;
+    /// use actix_http::http::{header::Allow, Method};
-    /// use http::Method;
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     Allow(vec![Method::GET])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate http;
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
-    /// use actix_http::http::header::Allow;
+    /// use actix_http::http::{header::Allow, Method};
-    /// use http::Method;
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     Allow(vec![
     ///         Method::GET,
     ///         Method::POST,
     ///         Method::PATCH,
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (Allow, header::ALLOW) => (Method)*
 

actix-http/src/header/common/cache_control.rs

@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ use crate::header::{
 /// * `max-age=30`
 ///
 /// # Examples
-/// ```rust
+/// ```
 /// use actix_http::Response;
 /// use actix_http::http::header::{CacheControl, CacheDirective};
 ///
 /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-/// builder.set(CacheControl(vec![CacheDirective::MaxAge(86400u32)]));
+/// builder.insert_header(CacheControl(vec![CacheDirective::MaxAge(86400u32)]));
 /// ```
 ///
 /// ```rust
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ use crate::header::{
 /// use actix_http::http::header::{CacheControl, CacheDirective};
 ///
 /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-/// builder.set(CacheControl(vec![
+/// builder.insert_header(CacheControl(vec![
 ///     CacheDirective::NoCache,
 ///     CacheDirective::Private,
 ///     CacheDirective::MaxAge(360u32),
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for CacheControl {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for CacheControl {
     type Error = header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut writer = Writer::new();
         let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
         header::HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(writer.take())
@@ -196,7 +196,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_multiple_headers() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-cache, private")
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CACHE_CONTROL, "no-cache, private"))
             .finish();
         let cache = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -210,9 +211,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_argument() {
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "max-age=100, private")
+            .insert_header((header::CACHE_CONTROL, "max-age=100, private"))
-                .finish();
+            .finish();
         let cache = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(
             cache.ok(),
@@ -225,8 +226,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_quote_form() {
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "max-age=\"200\"").finish();
+            .insert_header((header::CACHE_CONTROL, "max-age=\"200\""))
+            .finish();
         let cache = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(
             cache.ok(),
@@ -236,8 +238,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_extension() {
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "foo, bar=baz").finish();
+            .insert_header((header::CACHE_CONTROL, "foo, bar=baz"))
+            .finish();
         let cache = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(
             cache.ok(),
@@ -250,7 +253,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_bad_syntax() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::CACHE_CONTROL, "foo=").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CACHE_CONTROL, "foo="))
+            .finish();
         let cache: Result<CacheControl, _> = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(cache.ok(), None)
     }

actix-http/src/header/common/content_disposition.rs

@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ impl ContentDisposition {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for ContentDisposition {
     type Error = header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut writer = Writer::new();
         let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
         header::HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(writer.take())

actix-http/src/header/common/content_encoding.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/// Represents a supported content encoding.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
+pub enum ContentEncoding {
+    /// Automatically select encoding based on encoding negotiation.
+    Auto,
+
+    /// A format using the Brotli algorithm.
+    Br,
+
+    /// A format using the zlib structure with deflate algorithm.
+    Deflate,
+
+    /// Gzip algorithm.
+    Gzip,
+
+    /// Indicates the identity function (i.e. no compression, nor modification).
+    Identity,
+}
+
+impl ContentEncoding {
+    /// Is the content compressed?
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_compression(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert content encoding to string
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            ContentEncoding::Br => "br",
+            ContentEncoding::Gzip => "gzip",
+            ContentEncoding::Deflate => "deflate",
+            ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => "identity",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Default Q-factor (quality) value.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn quality(self) -> f64 {
+        match self {
+            ContentEncoding::Br => 1.1,
+            ContentEncoding::Gzip => 1.0,
+            ContentEncoding::Deflate => 0.9,
+            ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => 0.1,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for ContentEncoding {
+    fn from(val: &str) -> ContentEncoding {
+        let val = val.trim();
+
+        if val.eq_ignore_ascii_case("br") {
+            ContentEncoding::Br
+        } else if val.eq_ignore_ascii_case("gzip") {
+            ContentEncoding::Gzip
+        } else if val.eq_ignore_ascii_case("deflate") {
+            ContentEncoding::Deflate
+        } else {
+            ContentEncoding::Identity
+        }
+    }
+}

actix-http/src/header/common/content_language.rs

@@ -23,38 +23,31 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// use language_tags::langtag;
-    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate language_tags;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
-    /// # use actix_http::http::header::{ContentLanguage, qitem};
+    /// use actix_http::http::header::{ContentLanguage, qitem};
-    /// #
+    ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     ContentLanguage(vec![
     ///         qitem(langtag!(en)),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
+    /// use language_tags::langtag;
-    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate language_tags;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
-    /// # use actix_http::http::header::{ContentLanguage, qitem};
+    /// use actix_http::http::header::{ContentLanguage, qitem};
-    /// #
-    /// # fn main() {
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     ContentLanguage(vec![
     ///         qitem(langtag!(da)),
     ///         qitem(langtag!(en;;;GB)),
     ///     ])
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (ContentLanguage, CONTENT_LANGUAGE) => (QualityItem<LanguageTag>)+
 

actix-http/src/header/common/content_range.rs

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ impl Display for ContentRangeSpec {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for ContentRangeSpec {
     type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut writer = Writer::new();
         let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
         HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(writer.take())

actix-http/src/header/common/content_type.rs

@@ -30,31 +30,24 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::ContentType;
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     ContentType::json()
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
-    /// # extern crate mime;
-    /// # extern crate actix_http;
-    /// use mime::TEXT_HTML;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::ContentType;
     ///
-    /// # fn main() {
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
-    ///     ContentType(TEXT_HTML)
+    ///     ContentType(mime::TEXT_HTML)
     /// );
-    /// # }
     /// ```
     (ContentType, CONTENT_TYPE) => [Mime]
 
@@ -99,6 +92,7 @@ impl ContentType {
     pub fn form_url_encoded() -> ContentType {
         ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
     }
+
     /// A constructor  to easily create a `Content-Type: image/jpeg` header.
     #[inline]
     pub fn jpeg() -> ContentType {

actix-http/src/header/common/date.rs

@@ -19,13 +19,15 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::time::SystemTime;
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::Date;
-    /// use std::time::SystemTime;
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(Date(SystemTime::now().into()));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     Date(SystemTime::now().into())
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (Date, DATE) => [HttpDate]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/etag.rs

@@ -27,20 +27,24 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{ETag, EntityTag};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(ETag(EntityTag::new(false, "xyzzy".to_owned())));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     ETag(EntityTag::new(false, "xyzzy".to_owned()))
+    /// );
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{ETag, EntityTag};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(ETag(EntityTag::new(true, "xyzzy".to_owned())));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     ETag(EntityTag::new(true, "xyzzy".to_owned()))
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (ETag, ETAG) => [EntityTag]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/expires.rs

@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::Expires;
-    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
     /// let expiration = SystemTime::now() + Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-    /// builder.set(Expires(expiration.into()));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     Expires(expiration.into())
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (Expires, EXPIRES) => [HttpDate]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/if_match.rs

@@ -29,20 +29,20 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::IfMatch;
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(IfMatch::Any);
+    /// builder.insert_header(IfMatch::Any);
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{IfMatch, EntityTag};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     IfMatch::Items(vec![
     ///         EntityTag::new(false, "xyzzy".to_owned()),
     ///         EntityTag::new(false, "foobar".to_owned()),

actix-http/src/header/common/if_modified_since.rs

@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::IfModifiedSince;
-    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
     /// let modified = SystemTime::now() - Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-    /// builder.set(IfModifiedSince(modified.into()));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     IfModifiedSince(modified.into())
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (IfModifiedSince, IF_MODIFIED_SINCE) => [HttpDate]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/if_none_match.rs

@@ -31,20 +31,20 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Examples
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::IfNoneMatch;
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(IfNoneMatch::Any);
+    /// builder.insert_header(IfNoneMatch::Any);
     /// ```
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::{IfNoneMatch, EntityTag};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-    /// builder.set(
+    /// builder.insert_header(
     ///     IfNoneMatch::Items(vec![
     ///         EntityTag::new(false, "xyzzy".to_owned()),
     ///         EntityTag::new(false, "foobar".to_owned()),
@@ -73,13 +73,15 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_if_none_match() {
         let mut if_none_match: Result<IfNoneMatch, _>;
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(IF_NONE_MATCH, "*").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((IF_NONE_MATCH, "*"))
+            .finish();
         if_none_match = Header::parse(&req);
         assert_eq!(if_none_match.ok(), Some(IfNoneMatch::Any));
 
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(IF_NONE_MATCH, &b"\"foobar\", W/\"weak-etag\""[..])
+            .insert_header((IF_NONE_MATCH, &b"\"foobar\", W/\"weak-etag\""[..]))
-                .finish();
+            .finish();
 
         if_none_match = Header::parse(&req);
         let mut entities: Vec<EntityTag> = Vec::new();

actix-http/src/header/common/if_range.rs

@@ -35,31 +35,34 @@ use crate::httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
-/// ```rust
+/// ```
 /// use actix_http::Response;
 /// use actix_http::http::header::{EntityTag, IfRange};
 ///
 /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
-/// builder.set(IfRange::EntityTag(EntityTag::new(
+/// builder.insert_header(
-///     false,
+///     IfRange::EntityTag(
-///     "xyzzy".to_owned(),
+///         EntityTag::new(false, "abc".to_owned())
-/// )));
+///     )
+/// );
 /// ```
 ///
-/// ```rust
+/// ```
-/// use actix_http::Response;
-/// use actix_http::http::header::IfRange;
 /// use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
+/// use actix_http::{http::header::IfRange, Response};
 ///
 /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
 /// let fetched = SystemTime::now() - Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-/// builder.set(IfRange::Date(fetched.into()));
+/// builder.insert_header(
+///     IfRange::Date(fetched.into())
+/// );
 /// ```
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum IfRange {
-    /// The entity-tag the client has of the resource
+    /// The entity-tag the client has of the resource.
     EntityTag(EntityTag),
-    /// The date when the client retrieved the resource
+
+    /// The date when the client retrieved the resource.
     Date(HttpDate),
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +101,7 @@ impl Display for IfRange {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for IfRange {
     type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut writer = Writer::new();
         let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
         HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(writer.take())
@@ -110,7 +113,8 @@ mod test_if_range {
     use super::IfRange as HeaderField;
     use crate::header::*;
     use std::str;
+
     test_header!(test1, vec![b"Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT"]);
-    test_header!(test2, vec![b"\"xyzzy\""]);
+    test_header!(test2, vec![b"\"abc\""]);
     test_header!(test3, vec![b"this-is-invalid"], None::<IfRange>);
 }

actix-http/src/header/common/if_unmodified_since.rs

@@ -22,14 +22,16 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::IfUnmodifiedSince;
-    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
     /// let modified = SystemTime::now() - Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-    /// builder.set(IfUnmodifiedSince(modified.into()));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     IfUnmodifiedSince(modified.into())
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (IfUnmodifiedSince, IF_UNMODIFIED_SINCE) => [HttpDate]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/last_modified.rs

@@ -21,14 +21,16 @@ header! {
     ///
     /// # Example
     ///
-    /// ```rust
+    /// ```
+    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     /// use actix_http::Response;
     /// use actix_http::http::header::LastModified;
-    /// use std::time::{SystemTime, Duration};
     ///
     /// let mut builder = Response::Ok();
     /// let modified = SystemTime::now() - Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-    /// builder.set(LastModified(modified.into()));
+    /// builder.insert_header(
+    ///     LastModified(modified.into())
+    /// );
     /// ```
     (LastModified, LAST_MODIFIED) => [HttpDate]
 

actix-http/src/header/common/mod.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ pub use self::content_disposition::{
 };
 pub use self::content_language::ContentLanguage;
 pub use self::content_range::{ContentRange, ContentRangeSpec};
+pub use self::content_encoding::{ContentEncoding};
 pub use self::content_type::ContentType;
 pub use self::date::Date;
 pub use self::etag::ETag;
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ macro_rules! test_header {
             let a: Vec<Vec<u8>> = raw.iter().map(|x| x.to_vec()).collect();
             let mut req = test::TestRequest::default();
             for item in a {
-                req = req.header(HeaderField::name(), item).take();
+                req = req.insert_header((HeaderField::name(), item)).take();
             }
             let req = req.finish();
             let value = HeaderField::parse(&req);
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ macro_rules! test_header {
             let a: Vec<Vec<u8>> = $raw.iter().map(|x| x.to_vec()).collect();
             let mut req = test::TestRequest::default();
             for item in a {
-                req.header(HeaderField::name(), item);
+                req.insert_header((HeaderField::name(), item));
             }
             let req = req.finish();
             let val = HeaderField::parse(&req);
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ macro_rules! header {
         impl $crate::http::header::IntoHeaderValue for $id {
             type Error = $crate::http::header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-            fn try_into(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+            fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
                 use std::fmt::Write;
                 let mut writer = $crate::http::header::Writer::new();
                 let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ macro_rules! header {
         impl $crate::http::header::IntoHeaderValue for $id {
             type Error = $crate::http::header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-            fn try_into(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+            fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
                 use std::fmt::Write;
                 let mut writer = $crate::http::header::Writer::new();
                 let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
@@ -240,8 +241,8 @@ macro_rules! header {
         impl $crate::http::header::IntoHeaderValue for $id {
             type Error = $crate::http::header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-            fn try_into(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+            fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-                self.0.try_into()
+                self.0.try_into_value()
             }
         }
     };
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ macro_rules! header {
         impl $crate::http::header::IntoHeaderValue for $id {
             type Error = $crate::http::header::InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-            fn try_into(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+            fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<$crate::http::header::HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
                 use std::fmt::Write;
                 let mut writer = $crate::http::header::Writer::new();
                 let _ = write!(&mut writer, "{}", self);
@@ -333,13 +334,14 @@ macro_rules! header {
 }
 
 mod accept_charset;
-//mod accept_encoding;
+// mod accept_encoding;
 mod accept;
 mod accept_language;
 mod allow;
 mod cache_control;
 mod content_disposition;
 mod content_language;
+mod content_encoding;
 mod content_range;
 mod content_type;
 mod date;

actix-http/src/header/into_pair.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+use http::{
+    header::{HeaderName, InvalidHeaderName, InvalidHeaderValue},
+    Error as HttpError, HeaderValue,
+};
+
+use super::{Header, IntoHeaderValue};
+
+/// Transforms structures into header K/V pairs for inserting into `HeaderMap`s.
+pub trait IntoHeaderPair: Sized {
+    type Error: Into<HttpError>;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error>;
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum InvalidHeaderPart {
+    Name(InvalidHeaderName),
+    Value(InvalidHeaderValue),
+}
+
+impl From<InvalidHeaderPart> for HttpError {
+    fn from(part_err: InvalidHeaderPart) -> Self {
+        match part_err {
+            InvalidHeaderPart::Name(err) => err.into(),
+            InvalidHeaderPart::Value(err) => err.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<V> IntoHeaderPair for (HeaderName, V)
+where
+    V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    V::Error: Into<InvalidHeaderValue>,
+{
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderPart;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        let (name, value) = self;
+        let value = value
+            .try_into_value()
+            .map_err(|err| InvalidHeaderPart::Value(err.into()))?;
+        Ok((name, value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<V> IntoHeaderPair for (&HeaderName, V)
+where
+    V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    V::Error: Into<InvalidHeaderValue>,
+{
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderPart;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        let (name, value) = self;
+        let value = value
+            .try_into_value()
+            .map_err(|err| InvalidHeaderPart::Value(err.into()))?;
+        Ok((name.clone(), value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<V> IntoHeaderPair for (&[u8], V)
+where
+    V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    V::Error: Into<InvalidHeaderValue>,
+{
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderPart;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        let (name, value) = self;
+        let name = HeaderName::try_from(name).map_err(InvalidHeaderPart::Name)?;
+        let value = value
+            .try_into_value()
+            .map_err(|err| InvalidHeaderPart::Value(err.into()))?;
+        Ok((name, value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<V> IntoHeaderPair for (&str, V)
+where
+    V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    V::Error: Into<InvalidHeaderValue>,
+{
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderPart;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        let (name, value) = self;
+        let name = HeaderName::try_from(name).map_err(InvalidHeaderPart::Name)?;
+        let value = value
+            .try_into_value()
+            .map_err(|err| InvalidHeaderPart::Value(err.into()))?;
+        Ok((name, value))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<V> IntoHeaderPair for (String, V)
+where
+    V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    V::Error: Into<InvalidHeaderValue>,
+{
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderPart;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        let (name, value) = self;
+        (name.as_str(), value).try_into_header_pair()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Header> IntoHeaderPair for T {
+    type Error = <T as IntoHeaderValue>::Error;
+
+    fn try_into_header_pair(self) -> Result<(HeaderName, HeaderValue), Self::Error> {
+        Ok((T::name(), self.try_into_value()?))
+    }
+}

actix-http/src/header/into_value.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use http::{header::InvalidHeaderValue, Error as HttpError, HeaderValue};
+use mime::Mime;
+
+/// A trait for any object that can be Converted to a `HeaderValue`
+pub trait IntoHeaderValue: Sized {
+    /// The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
+    type Error: Into<HttpError>;
+
+    /// Try to convert value to a HeaderValue.
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error>;
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for HeaderValue {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for &HeaderValue {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        Ok(self.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for &str {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        self.parse()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for &[u8] {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::from_bytes(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for Bytes {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for Vec<u8> {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for String {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for usize {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for i64 {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for u64 {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for i32 {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for u32 {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(self.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoHeaderValue for Mime {
+    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+        HeaderValue::try_from(format!("{}", self))
+    }
+}

actix-http/src/header/map.rs

@@ -1,33 +1,36 @@
-use std::collections::hash_map::{self, Entry};
+use std::{
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+    collections::hash_map::{self, Entry},
+    convert::TryFrom,
+};
 
+use ahash::AHashMap;
 use either::Either;
-use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use http::header::{HeaderName, HeaderValue};
+use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
-/// A set of HTTP headers
+/// A multi-map of HTTP headers.
 ///
-/// `HeaderMap` is an multi-map of [`HeaderName`] to values.
+/// `HeaderMap` is a "multi-map" of [`HeaderName`] to one or more values.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct HeaderMap {
-    pub(crate) inner: FxHashMap<HeaderName, Value>,
+    pub(crate) inner: AHashMap<HeaderName, Value>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) enum Value {
     One(HeaderValue),
-    Multi(Vec<HeaderValue>),
+    Multi(SmallVec<[HeaderValue; 4]>),
 }
 
 impl Value {
-    fn get(&self) -> &HeaderValue {
+    fn first(&self) -> &HeaderValue {
         match self {
             Value::One(ref val) => val,
             Value::Multi(ref val) => &val[0],
         }
     }
 
-    fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderValue {
+    fn first_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderValue {
         match self {
             Value::One(ref mut val) => val,
             Value::Multi(ref mut val) => &mut val[0],
@@ -37,7 +40,7 @@ impl Value {
     fn append(&mut self, val: HeaderValue) {
         match self {
             Value::One(_) => {
-                let data = std::mem::replace(self, Value::Multi(vec![val]));
+                let data = std::mem::replace(self, Value::Multi(smallvec![val]));
                 match data {
                     Value::One(val) => self.append(val),
                     Value::Multi(_) => unreachable!(),
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// allocate.
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         HeaderMap {
-            inner: FxHashMap::default(),
+            inner: AHashMap::default(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// More capacity than requested may be allocated.
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> HeaderMap {
         HeaderMap {
-            inner: FxHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(capacity, Default::default()),
+            inner: AHashMap::with_capacity_and_hasher(capacity, Default::default()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// is returned. Use `get_all` to get all values associated with a given
     /// key. Returns `None` if there are no values associated with the key.
     pub fn get<N: AsName>(&self, name: N) -> Option<&HeaderValue> {
-        self.get2(name).map(|v| v.get())
+        self.get2(name).map(|v| v.first())
     }
 
     fn get2<N: AsName>(&self, name: N) -> Option<&Value> {
@@ -134,11 +137,11 @@ impl HeaderMap {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns a view of all values associated with a key.
+    /// Returns an iterator of all values associated with a key.
     ///
-    /// The returned view does not incur any allocations and allows iterating
+    /// The returned view does not incur any allocations and allows iterating the values associated
-    /// the values associated with the key.  See [`GetAll`] for more details.
+    /// with the key. Returns `None` if there are no values associated with the key. Iteration order
-    /// Returns `None` if there are no values associated with the key.
+    /// is not guaranteed to be the same as insertion order.
     pub fn get_all<N: AsName>(&self, name: N) -> GetAll<'_> {
         GetAll {
             idx: 0,
@@ -153,10 +156,10 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// key. Returns `None` if there are no values associated with the key.
     pub fn get_mut<N: AsName>(&mut self, name: N) -> Option<&mut HeaderValue> {
         match name.as_name() {
-            Either::Left(name) => self.inner.get_mut(name).map(|v| v.get_mut()),
+            Either::Left(name) => self.inner.get_mut(name).map(|v| v.first_mut()),
             Either::Right(s) => {
                 if let Ok(name) = HeaderName::try_from(s) {
-                    self.inner.get_mut(&name).map(|v| v.get_mut())
+                    self.inner.get_mut(&name).map(|v| v.first_mut())
                 } else {
                     None
                 }
@@ -282,6 +285,7 @@ impl<'a> AsName for &'a String {
     }
 }
 
+/// Iterator for all values in a `HeaderMap` with the same name.
 pub struct GetAll<'a> {
     idx: usize,
     item: Option<&'a Value>,
@@ -337,7 +341,7 @@ impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a HeaderMap {
 
 pub struct Iter<'a> {
     idx: usize,
-    current: Option<(&'a HeaderName, &'a Vec<HeaderValue>)>,
+    current: Option<(&'a HeaderName, &'a SmallVec<[HeaderValue; 4]>)>,
     iter: hash_map::Iter<'a, HeaderName, Value>,
 }
 

actix-http/src/header/mod.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-//! Various http headers
+//! Typed HTTP headers, pre-defined `HeaderName`s, traits for parsing/conversion and other
-// This is mostly copy of [hyper](https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/tree/master/src/header)
+//! header utility methods.
 
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt;
-use std::{fmt, str::FromStr};
 
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use http::Error as HttpError;
-use mime::Mime;
 use percent_encoding::{AsciiSet, CONTROLS};
 
 pub use http::header::*;
@@ -14,22 +11,27 @@ pub use http::header::*;
 use crate::error::ParseError;
 use crate::httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 
+mod into_pair;
+mod into_value;
+mod utils;
+
 mod common;
 pub(crate) mod map;
 mod shared;
+
 pub use self::common::*;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use self::shared::*;
 
+pub use self::into_pair::IntoHeaderPair;
+pub use self::into_value::IntoHeaderValue;
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use self::map::GetAll;
 pub use self::map::HeaderMap;
+pub use self::utils::*;
 
-/// A trait for any object that will represent a header field and value.
+/// A trait for any object that already represents a valid header field and value.
-pub trait Header
+pub trait Header: IntoHeaderValue {
-where
-    Self: IntoHeaderValue,
-{
     /// Returns the name of the header field
     fn name() -> HeaderName;
 
@@ -37,159 +39,6 @@ where
     fn parse<T: HttpMessage>(msg: &T) -> Result<Self, ParseError>;
 }
 
-/// A trait for any object that can be Converted to a `HeaderValue`
-pub trait IntoHeaderValue: Sized {
-    /// The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
-    type Error: Into<HttpError>;
-
-    /// Try to convert value to a Header value.
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error>;
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for HeaderValue {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        Ok(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoHeaderValue for &'a str {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        self.parse()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoHeaderValue for &'a [u8] {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        HeaderValue::from_bytes(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for Bytes {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for Vec<u8> {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        HeaderValue::try_from(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for String {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        HeaderValue::try_from(self)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for usize {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        let s = format!("{}", self);
-        HeaderValue::try_from(s)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for u64 {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        let s = format!("{}", self);
-        HeaderValue::try_from(s)
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoHeaderValue for Mime {
-    type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
-        HeaderValue::try_from(format!("{}", self))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Represents supported types of content encodings
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
-pub enum ContentEncoding {
-    /// Automatically select encoding based on encoding negotiation
-    Auto,
-    /// A format using the Brotli algorithm
-    Br,
-    /// A format using the zlib structure with deflate algorithm
-    Deflate,
-    /// Gzip algorithm
-    Gzip,
-    /// Indicates the identity function (i.e. no compression, nor modification)
-    Identity,
-}
-
-impl ContentEncoding {
-    #[inline]
-    /// Is the content compressed?
-    pub fn is_compression(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto)
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    /// Convert content encoding to string
-    pub fn as_str(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            ContentEncoding::Br => "br",
-            ContentEncoding::Gzip => "gzip",
-            ContentEncoding::Deflate => "deflate",
-            ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => "identity",
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    /// default quality value
-    pub fn quality(self) -> f64 {
-        match self {
-            ContentEncoding::Br => 1.1,
-            ContentEncoding::Gzip => 1.0,
-            ContentEncoding::Deflate => 0.9,
-            ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => 0.1,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> From<&'a str> for ContentEncoding {
-    fn from(s: &'a str) -> ContentEncoding {
-        let s = s.trim();
-
-        if s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("br") {
-            ContentEncoding::Br
-        } else if s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("gzip") {
-            ContentEncoding::Gzip
-        } else if s.eq_ignore_ascii_case("deflate") {
-            ContentEncoding::Deflate
-        } else {
-            ContentEncoding::Identity
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub(crate) struct Writer {
     buf: BytesMut,
@@ -201,6 +50,7 @@ impl Writer {
             buf: BytesMut::new(),
         }
     }
+
     fn take(&mut self) -> Bytes {
         self.buf.split().freeze()
     }
@@ -219,164 +69,7 @@ impl fmt::Write for Writer {
     }
 }
 
-#[inline]
+/// Convert `http::HeaderMap` to our `HeaderMap`.
-#[doc(hidden)]
-/// Reads a comma-delimited raw header into a Vec.
-pub fn from_comma_delimited<'a, I: Iterator<Item = &'a HeaderValue> + 'a, T: FromStr>(
-    all: I,
-) -> Result<Vec<T>, ParseError> {
-    let mut result = Vec::new();
-    for h in all {
-        let s = h.to_str().map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
-        result.extend(
-            s.split(',')
-                .filter_map(|x| match x.trim() {
-                    "" => None,
-                    y => Some(y),
-                })
-                .filter_map(|x| x.trim().parse().ok()),
-        )
-    }
-    Ok(result)
-}
-
-#[inline]
-#[doc(hidden)]
-/// Reads a single string when parsing a header.
-pub fn from_one_raw_str<T: FromStr>(val: Option<&HeaderValue>) -> Result<T, ParseError> {
-    if let Some(line) = val {
-        let line = line.to_str().map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
-        if !line.is_empty() {
-            return T::from_str(line).or(Err(ParseError::Header));
-        }
-    }
-    Err(ParseError::Header)
-}
-
-#[inline]
-#[doc(hidden)]
-/// Format an array into a comma-delimited string.
-pub fn fmt_comma_delimited<T>(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, parts: &[T]) -> fmt::Result
-where
-    T: fmt::Display,
-{
-    let mut iter = parts.iter();
-    if let Some(part) = iter.next() {
-        fmt::Display::fmt(part, f)?;
-    }
-    for part in iter {
-        f.write_str(", ")?;
-        fmt::Display::fmt(part, f)?;
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-// From hyper v0.11.27 src/header/parsing.rs
-
-/// The value part of an extended parameter consisting of three parts:
-/// the REQUIRED character set name (`charset`), the OPTIONAL language information (`language_tag`),
-/// and a character sequence representing the actual value (`value`), separated by single quote
-/// characters. It is defined in [RFC 5987](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2).
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct ExtendedValue {
-    /// The character set that is used to encode the `value` to a string.
-    pub charset: Charset,
-    /// The human language details of the `value`, if available.
-    pub language_tag: Option<LanguageTag>,
-    /// The parameter value, as expressed in octets.
-    pub value: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-/// Parses extended header parameter values (`ext-value`), as defined in
-/// [RFC 5987](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2).
-///
-/// Extended values are denoted by parameter names that end with `*`.
-///
-/// ## ABNF
-///
-/// ```text
-/// ext-value     = charset  "'" [ language ] "'" value-chars
-///               ; like RFC 2231's <extended-initial-value>
-///               ; (see [RFC2231], Section 7)
-///
-/// charset       = "UTF-8" / "ISO-8859-1" / mime-charset
-///
-/// mime-charset  = 1*mime-charsetc
-/// mime-charsetc = ALPHA / DIGIT
-///               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&"
-///               / "+" / "-" / "^" / "_" / "`"
-///               / "{" / "}" / "~"
-///               ; as <mime-charset> in Section 2.3 of [RFC2978]
-///               ; except that the single quote is not included
-///               ; SHOULD be registered in the IANA charset registry
-///
-/// language      = <Language-Tag, defined in [RFC5646], Section 2.1>
-///
-/// value-chars   = *( pct-encoded / attr-char )
-///
-/// pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
-///               ; see [RFC3986], Section 2.1
-///
-/// attr-char     = ALPHA / DIGIT
-///               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "&" / "+" / "-" / "."
-///               / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
-///               ; token except ( "*" / "'" / "%" )
-/// ```
-pub fn parse_extended_value(
-    val: &str,
-) -> Result<ExtendedValue, crate::error::ParseError> {
-    // Break into three pieces separated by the single-quote character
-    let mut parts = val.splitn(3, '\'');
-
-    // Interpret the first piece as a Charset
-    let charset: Charset = match parts.next() {
-        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
-        Some(n) => FromStr::from_str(n).map_err(|_| crate::error::ParseError::Header)?,
-    };
-
-    // Interpret the second piece as a language tag
-    let language_tag: Option<LanguageTag> = match parts.next() {
-        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
-        Some("") => None,
-        Some(s) => match s.parse() {
-            Ok(lt) => Some(lt),
-            Err(_) => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
-        },
-    };
-
-    // Interpret the third piece as a sequence of value characters
-    let value: Vec<u8> = match parts.next() {
-        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
-        Some(v) => percent_encoding::percent_decode(v.as_bytes()).collect(),
-    };
-
-    Ok(ExtendedValue {
-        value,
-        charset,
-        language_tag,
-    })
-}
-
-impl fmt::Display for ExtendedValue {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let encoded_value =
-            percent_encoding::percent_encode(&self.value[..], HTTP_VALUE);
-        if let Some(ref lang) = self.language_tag {
-            write!(f, "{}'{}'{}", self.charset, lang, encoded_value)
-        } else {
-            write!(f, "{}''{}", self.charset, encoded_value)
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Percent encode a sequence of bytes with a character set defined in
-/// <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2>
-pub fn http_percent_encode(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, bytes: &[u8]) -> fmt::Result {
-    let encoded = percent_encoding::percent_encode(bytes, HTTP_VALUE);
-    fmt::Display::fmt(&encoded, f)
-}
-
-/// Convert http::HeaderMap to a HeaderMap
 impl From<http::HeaderMap> for HeaderMap {
     fn from(map: http::HeaderMap) -> HeaderMap {
         let mut new_map = HeaderMap::with_capacity(map.capacity());
@@ -388,7 +81,7 @@ impl From<http::HeaderMap> for HeaderMap {
 }
 
 // This encode set is used for HTTP header values and is defined at
-// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2
+// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2.
 pub(crate) const HTTP_VALUE: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS
     .add(b' ')
     .add(b'"')
@@ -410,91 +103,3 @@ pub(crate) const HTTP_VALUE: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS
     .add(b']')
     .add(b'{')
     .add(b'}');
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::shared::Charset;
-    use super::{parse_extended_value, ExtendedValue};
-    use language_tags::LanguageTag;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_extended_value_with_encoding_and_language_tag() {
-        let expected_language_tag = "en".parse::<LanguageTag>().unwrap();
-        // RFC 5987, Section 3.2.2
-        // Extended notation, using the Unicode character U+00A3 (POUND SIGN)
-        let result = parse_extended_value("iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates");
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
-        let extended_value = result.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Charset::Iso_8859_1, extended_value.charset);
-        assert!(extended_value.language_tag.is_some());
-        assert_eq!(expected_language_tag, extended_value.language_tag.unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![163, b' ', b'r', b'a', b't', b'e', b's'],
-            extended_value.value
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_extended_value_with_encoding() {
-        // RFC 5987, Section 3.2.2
-        // Extended notation, using the Unicode characters U+00A3 (POUND SIGN)
-        // and U+20AC (EURO SIGN)
-        let result = parse_extended_value("UTF-8''%c2%a3%20and%20%e2%82%ac%20rates");
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
-        let extended_value = result.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(Charset::Ext("UTF-8".to_string()), extended_value.charset);
-        assert!(extended_value.language_tag.is_none());
-        assert_eq!(
-            vec![
-                194, 163, b' ', b'a', b'n', b'd', b' ', 226, 130, 172, b' ', b'r', b'a',
-                b't', b'e', b's',
-            ],
-            extended_value.value
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_extended_value_missing_language_tag_and_encoding() {
-        // From: https://greenbytes.de/tech/tc2231/#attwithfn2231quot2
-        let result = parse_extended_value("foo%20bar.html");
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_extended_value_partially_formatted() {
-        let result = parse_extended_value("UTF-8'missing third part");
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_parse_extended_value_partially_formatted_blank() {
-        let result = parse_extended_value("blank second part'");
-        assert!(result.is_err());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_fmt_extended_value_with_encoding_and_language_tag() {
-        let extended_value = ExtendedValue {
-            charset: Charset::Iso_8859_1,
-            language_tag: Some("en".parse().expect("Could not parse language tag")),
-            value: vec![163, b' ', b'r', b'a', b't', b'e', b's'],
-        };
-        assert_eq!("ISO-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates", format!("{}", extended_value));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_fmt_extended_value_with_encoding() {
-        let extended_value = ExtendedValue {
-            charset: Charset::Ext("UTF-8".to_string()),
-            language_tag: None,
-            value: vec![
-                194, 163, b' ', b'a', b'n', b'd', b' ', 226, 130, 172, b' ', b'r', b'a',
-                b't', b'e', b's',
-            ],
-        };
-        assert_eq!(
-            "UTF-8''%C2%A3%20and%20%E2%82%AC%20rates",
-            format!("{}", extended_value)
-        );
-    }
-}

actix-http/src/header/shared/entity.rs

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl FromStr for EntityTag {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for EntityTag {
     type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut wrt = Writer::new();
         write!(wrt, "{}", self).unwrap();
         HeaderValue::from_maybe_shared(wrt.take())

actix-http/src/header/shared/extended.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+use std::{fmt, str::FromStr};
+
+use language_tags::LanguageTag;
+
+use crate::header::{Charset, HTTP_VALUE};
+
+// From hyper v0.11.27 src/header/parsing.rs
+
+/// The value part of an extended parameter consisting of three parts:
+/// - The REQUIRED character set name (`charset`).
+/// - The OPTIONAL language information (`language_tag`).
+/// - A character sequence representing the actual value (`value`), separated by single quotes.
+///
+/// It is defined in [RFC 5987](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2).
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ExtendedValue {
+    /// The character set that is used to encode the `value` to a string.
+    pub charset: Charset,
+
+    /// The human language details of the `value`, if available.
+    pub language_tag: Option<LanguageTag>,
+
+    /// The parameter value, as expressed in octets.
+    pub value: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+/// Parses extended header parameter values (`ext-value`), as defined in
+/// [RFC 5987](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2).
+///
+/// Extended values are denoted by parameter names that end with `*`.
+///
+/// ## ABNF
+///
+/// ```text
+/// ext-value     = charset  "'" [ language ] "'" value-chars
+///               ; like RFC 2231's <extended-initial-value>
+///               ; (see [RFC2231], Section 7)
+///
+/// charset       = "UTF-8" / "ISO-8859-1" / mime-charset
+///
+/// mime-charset  = 1*mime-charsetc
+/// mime-charsetc = ALPHA / DIGIT
+///               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "%" / "&"
+///               / "+" / "-" / "^" / "_" / "`"
+///               / "{" / "}" / "~"
+///               ; as <mime-charset> in Section 2.3 of [RFC2978]
+///               ; except that the single quote is not included
+///               ; SHOULD be registered in the IANA charset registry
+///
+/// language      = <Language-Tag, defined in [RFC5646], Section 2.1>
+///
+/// value-chars   = *( pct-encoded / attr-char )
+///
+/// pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+///               ; see [RFC3986], Section 2.1
+///
+/// attr-char     = ALPHA / DIGIT
+///               / "!" / "#" / "$" / "&" / "+" / "-" / "."
+///               / "^" / "_" / "`" / "|" / "~"
+///               ; token except ( "*" / "'" / "%" )
+/// ```
+pub fn parse_extended_value(
+    val: &str,
+) -> Result<ExtendedValue, crate::error::ParseError> {
+    // Break into three pieces separated by the single-quote character
+    let mut parts = val.splitn(3, '\'');
+
+    // Interpret the first piece as a Charset
+    let charset: Charset = match parts.next() {
+        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
+        Some(n) => FromStr::from_str(n).map_err(|_| crate::error::ParseError::Header)?,
+    };
+
+    // Interpret the second piece as a language tag
+    let language_tag: Option<LanguageTag> = match parts.next() {
+        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
+        Some("") => None,
+        Some(s) => match s.parse() {
+            Ok(lt) => Some(lt),
+            Err(_) => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
+        },
+    };
+
+    // Interpret the third piece as a sequence of value characters
+    let value: Vec<u8> = match parts.next() {
+        None => return Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header),
+        Some(v) => percent_encoding::percent_decode(v.as_bytes()).collect(),
+    };
+
+    Ok(ExtendedValue {
+        value,
+        charset,
+        language_tag,
+    })
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for ExtendedValue {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let encoded_value =
+            percent_encoding::percent_encode(&self.value[..], HTTP_VALUE);
+        if let Some(ref lang) = self.language_tag {
+            write!(f, "{}'{}'{}", self.charset, lang, encoded_value)
+        } else {
+            write!(f, "{}''{}", self.charset, encoded_value)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_extended_value_with_encoding_and_language_tag() {
+        let expected_language_tag = "en".parse::<LanguageTag>().unwrap();
+        // RFC 5987, Section 3.2.2
+        // Extended notation, using the Unicode character U+00A3 (POUND SIGN)
+        let result = parse_extended_value("iso-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates");
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+        let extended_value = result.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(Charset::Iso_8859_1, extended_value.charset);
+        assert!(extended_value.language_tag.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(expected_language_tag, extended_value.language_tag.unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![163, b' ', b'r', b'a', b't', b'e', b's'],
+            extended_value.value
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_extended_value_with_encoding() {
+        // RFC 5987, Section 3.2.2
+        // Extended notation, using the Unicode characters U+00A3 (POUND SIGN)
+        // and U+20AC (EURO SIGN)
+        let result = parse_extended_value("UTF-8''%c2%a3%20and%20%e2%82%ac%20rates");
+        assert!(result.is_ok());
+        let extended_value = result.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(Charset::Ext("UTF-8".to_string()), extended_value.charset);
+        assert!(extended_value.language_tag.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(
+            vec![
+                194, 163, b' ', b'a', b'n', b'd', b' ', 226, 130, 172, b' ', b'r', b'a',
+                b't', b'e', b's',
+            ],
+            extended_value.value
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_extended_value_missing_language_tag_and_encoding() {
+        // From: https://greenbytes.de/tech/tc2231/#attwithfn2231quot2
+        let result = parse_extended_value("foo%20bar.html");
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_extended_value_partially_formatted() {
+        let result = parse_extended_value("UTF-8'missing third part");
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_parse_extended_value_partially_formatted_blank() {
+        let result = parse_extended_value("blank second part'");
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fmt_extended_value_with_encoding_and_language_tag() {
+        let extended_value = ExtendedValue {
+            charset: Charset::Iso_8859_1,
+            language_tag: Some("en".parse().expect("Could not parse language tag")),
+            value: vec![163, b' ', b'r', b'a', b't', b'e', b's'],
+        };
+        assert_eq!("ISO-8859-1'en'%A3%20rates", format!("{}", extended_value));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_fmt_extended_value_with_encoding() {
+        let extended_value = ExtendedValue {
+            charset: Charset::Ext("UTF-8".to_string()),
+            language_tag: None,
+            value: vec![
+                194, 163, b' ', b'a', b'n', b'd', b' ', 226, 130, 172, b' ', b'r', b'a',
+                b't', b'e', b's',
+            ],
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            "UTF-8''%C2%A3%20and%20%E2%82%AC%20rates",
+            format!("{}", extended_value)
+        );
+    }
+}

actix-http/src/header/shared/httpdate.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ impl From<SystemTime> for HttpDate {
 impl IntoHeaderValue for HttpDate {
     type Error = InvalidHeaderValue;
 
-    fn try_into(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
+    fn try_into_value(self) -> Result<HeaderValue, Self::Error> {
         let mut wrt = BytesMut::with_capacity(29).writer();
         write!(
             wrt,

actix-http/src/header/shared/mod.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-//! Copied for `hyper::header::shared`;
+//! Originally taken from `hyper::header::shared`.
-
-pub use self::charset::Charset;
-pub use self::encoding::Encoding;
-pub use self::entity::EntityTag;
-pub use self::httpdate::HttpDate;
-pub use self::quality_item::{q, qitem, Quality, QualityItem};
-pub use language_tags::LanguageTag;
 
 mod charset;
 mod encoding;
 mod entity;
+mod extended;
 mod httpdate;
 mod quality_item;
+
+pub use self::charset::Charset;
+pub use self::encoding::Encoding;
+pub use self::entity::EntityTag;
+pub use self::extended::{parse_extended_value, ExtendedValue};
+pub use self::httpdate::HttpDate;
+pub use self::quality_item::{q, qitem, Quality, QualityItem};
+pub use language_tags::LanguageTag;

actix-http/src/header/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+use std::{fmt, str::FromStr};
+
+use http::HeaderValue;
+
+use crate::{error::ParseError, header::HTTP_VALUE};
+
+/// Reads a comma-delimited raw header into a Vec.
+#[inline]
+pub fn from_comma_delimited<'a, I, T>(all: I) -> Result<Vec<T>, ParseError>
+where
+    I: Iterator<Item = &'a HeaderValue> + 'a,
+    T: FromStr,
+{
+    let mut result = Vec::new();
+    for h in all {
+        let s = h.to_str().map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
+        result.extend(
+            s.split(',')
+                .filter_map(|x| match x.trim() {
+                    "" => None,
+                    y => Some(y),
+                })
+                .filter_map(|x| x.trim().parse().ok()),
+        )
+    }
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Reads a single string when parsing a header.
+#[inline]
+pub fn from_one_raw_str<T: FromStr>(val: Option<&HeaderValue>) -> Result<T, ParseError> {
+    if let Some(line) = val {
+        let line = line.to_str().map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
+        if !line.is_empty() {
+            return T::from_str(line).or(Err(ParseError::Header));
+        }
+    }
+    Err(ParseError::Header)
+}
+
+/// Format an array into a comma-delimited string.
+#[inline]
+pub fn fmt_comma_delimited<T>(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, parts: &[T]) -> fmt::Result
+where
+    T: fmt::Display,
+{
+    let mut iter = parts.iter();
+    if let Some(part) = iter.next() {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(part, f)?;
+    }
+    for part in iter {
+        f.write_str(", ")?;
+        fmt::Display::fmt(part, f)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Percent encode a sequence of bytes with a character set defined in
+/// <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5987#section-3.2>
+pub fn http_percent_encode(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, bytes: &[u8]) -> fmt::Result {
+    let encoded = percent_encoding::percent_encode(bytes, HTTP_VALUE);
+    fmt::Display::fmt(&encoded, f)
+}

actix-http/src/httpmessage.rs

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::payload::Payload;
 
 struct Cookies(Vec<Cookie<'static>>);
 
-/// Trait that implements general purpose operations on http messages
+/// Trait that implements general purpose operations on HTTP messages.
 pub trait HttpMessage: Sized {
     /// Type of message payload stream
     type Stream;
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ pub trait HttpMessage: Sized {
     /// Mutable reference to a the request's extensions container
     fn extensions_mut(&self) -> RefMut<'_, Extensions>;
 
+    /// Get a header.
     #[doc(hidden)]
-    /// Get a header
     fn get_header<H: Header>(&self) -> Option<H>
     where
         Self: Sized,
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ pub trait HttpMessage: Sized {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Read the request content type. If request does not contain
+    /// Read the request content type. If request did not contain a *Content-Type* header, an empty
-    /// *Content-Type* header, empty str get returned.
+    /// string is returned.
     fn content_type(&self) -> &str {
         if let Some(content_type) = self.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE) {
             if let Ok(content_type) = content_type.to_str() {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ pub trait HttpMessage: Sized {
         Ok(None)
     }
 
-    /// Check if request has chunked transfer encoding
+    /// Check if request has chunked transfer encoding.
     fn chunked(&self) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
         if let Some(encodings) = self.headers().get(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING) {
             if let Ok(s) = encodings.to_str() {
@@ -173,11 +173,13 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_content_type() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "text/plain").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "text/plain"))
+            .finish();
         assert_eq!(req.content_type(), "text/plain");
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf=8")
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf=8"))
-                .finish();
+            .finish();
         assert_eq!(req.content_type(), "application/json");
         let req = TestRequest::default().finish();
         assert_eq!(req.content_type(), "");
@@ -185,13 +187,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_mime_type() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "application/json").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json"))
+            .finish();
         assert_eq!(req.mime_type().unwrap(), Some(mime::APPLICATION_JSON));
         let req = TestRequest::default().finish();
         assert_eq!(req.mime_type().unwrap(), None);
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8")
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json; charset=utf-8"))
-                .finish();
+            .finish();
         let mt = req.mime_type().unwrap().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(mt.get_param(mime::CHARSET), Some(mime::UTF_8));
         assert_eq!(mt.type_(), mime::APPLICATION);
@@ -200,11 +204,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_mime_type_error() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            "content-type",
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "applicationadfadsfasdflknadsfklnadsfjson"))
-            "applicationadfadsfasdflknadsfklnadsfjson",
+            .finish();
-        )
-        .finish();
         assert_eq!(Err(ContentTypeError::ParseError), req.mime_type());
     }
 
@@ -213,27 +215,27 @@ mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::default().finish();
         assert_eq!(UTF_8.name(), req.encoding().unwrap().name());
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "application/json").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json"))
+            .finish();
         assert_eq!(UTF_8.name(), req.encoding().unwrap().name());
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            "content-type",
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json; charset=ISO-8859-2"))
-            "application/json; charset=ISO-8859-2",
+            .finish();
-        )
-        .finish();
         assert_eq!(ISO_8859_2, req.encoding().unwrap());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_encoding_error() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "applicatjson").finish();
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "applicatjson"))
+            .finish();
         assert_eq!(Some(ContentTypeError::ParseError), req.encoding().err());
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            "content-type",
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "application/json; charset=kkkttktk"))
-            "application/json; charset=kkkttktk",
+            .finish();
-        )
-        .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             Some(ContentTypeError::UnknownEncoding),
             req.encoding().err()
@@ -245,15 +247,16 @@ mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::default().finish();
         assert!(!req.chunked().unwrap());
 
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked").finish();
+            .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
+            .finish();
         assert!(req.chunked().unwrap());
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::TRANSFER_ENCODING,
                 Bytes::from_static(b"some va\xadscc\xacas0xsdasdlue"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert!(req.chunked().is_err());
     }

actix-http/src/lib.rs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub use self::response::{Response, ResponseBuilder};
 pub use self::service::HttpService;
 
 pub mod http {
-    //! Various HTTP related types
+    //! Various HTTP related types.
 
     // re-exports
     pub use http::header::{HeaderName, HeaderValue};
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ pub mod http {
     pub use crate::cookie::{Cookie, CookieBuilder};
     pub use crate::header::HeaderMap;
 
-    /// Various http headers
+    /// A collection of HTTP headers and helpers.
     pub mod header {
         pub use crate::header::*;
     }

actix-http/src/request.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-use std::cell::{Ref, RefMut};
+//! HTTP requests.
-use std::{fmt, net};
+
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefMut},
+    fmt, net,
+};
 
 use http::{header, Method, Uri, Version};
 

actix-http/src/response.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-//! Http response
+//! HTTP responses.
-use std::cell::{Ref, RefMut};
+
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::{
-use std::future::Future;
+    cell::{Ref, RefMut},
-use std::pin::Pin;
+    convert::TryInto,
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+    fmt,
-use std::{fmt, str};
+    future::Future,
+    pin::Pin,
+    str,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
 
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use futures_core::Stream;
@@ -14,7 +18,7 @@ use crate::body::{Body, BodyStream, MessageBody, ResponseBody};
 use crate::cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::extensions::Extensions;
-use crate::header::{Header, IntoHeaderValue};
+use crate::header::{IntoHeaderPair, IntoHeaderValue};
 use crate::http::header::{self, HeaderName, HeaderValue};
 use crate::http::{Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, StatusCode};
 use crate::message::{BoxedResponseHead, ConnectionType, ResponseHead};
@@ -341,93 +345,96 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set a header.
+    /// Insert a header, replacing any that were set with an equivalent field name.
     ///
     /// ```rust
-    /// use actix_http::{http, Request, Response, Result};
+    /// # use actix_http::Response;
+    /// use actix_http::http::header::ContentType;
     ///
-    /// fn index(req: Request) -> Result<Response> {
+    /// Response::Ok()
-    ///     Ok(Response::Ok()
+    ///     .insert_header(ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
-    ///         .set(http::header::IfModifiedSince(
+    ///     .insert_header(("X-TEST", "value"))
-    ///             "Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT".parse()?,
+    ///     .finish();
-    ///         ))
-    ///         .finish())
-    /// }
     /// ```
-    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn insert_header<H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut Self
-    pub fn set<H: Header>(&mut self, hdr: H) -> &mut Self {
-        if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
-            match hdr.try_into() {
-                Ok(value) => {
-                    parts.headers.append(H::name(), value);
-                }
-                Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-            }
-        }
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Append a header to existing headers.
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// use actix_http::{http, Request, Response};
-    ///
-    /// fn index(req: Request) -> Response {
-    ///     Response::Ok()
-    ///         .header("X-TEST", "value")
-    ///         .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
-    ///         .finish()
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn header<K, V>(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &mut Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
-            match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+            match header.try_into_header_pair() {
-                Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+                Ok((key, value)) => parts.headers.insert(key, value),
-                    Ok(value) => {
-                        parts.headers.append(key, value);
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-                },
                 Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
             };
         }
+
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set a header.
+    /// Append a header, keeping any that were set with an equivalent field name.
     ///
     /// ```rust
-    /// use actix_http::{http, Request, Response};
+    /// # use actix_http::Response;
+    /// use actix_http::http::header::ContentType;
     ///
-    /// fn index(req: Request) -> Response {
+    /// Response::Ok()
-    ///     Response::Ok()
+    ///     .append_header(ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
-    ///         .set_header("X-TEST", "value")
+    ///     .append_header(("X-TEST", "value1"))
-    ///         .set_header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+    ///     .append_header(("X-TEST", "value2"))
-    ///         .finish()
+    ///     .finish();
-    /// }
     /// ```
+    pub fn append_header<H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
+    {
+        if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
+            match header.try_into_header_pair() {
+                Ok((key, value)) => parts.headers.append(key, value),
+                Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
+            };
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Replaced with [`Self::insert_header()`].
+    #[deprecated = "Replaced with `insert_header((key, value))`."]
     pub fn set_header<K, V>(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &mut Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        K: TryInto<HeaderName>,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
+        K::Error: Into<HttpError>,
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
+        if self.err.is_some() {
-            match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+            return self;
-                Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
-                    Ok(value) => {
-                        parts.headers.insert(key, value);
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-                },
-                Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-            };
         }
+
+        match (key.try_into(), value.try_into_value()) {
+            (Ok(name), Ok(value)) => return self.insert_header((name, value)),
+            (Err(err), _) => self.err = Some(err.into()),
+            (_, Err(err)) => self.err = Some(err.into()),
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Replaced with [`Self::append_header()`].
+    #[deprecated = "Replaced with `append_header((key, value))`."]
+    pub fn header<K, V>(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        K: TryInto<HeaderName>,
+        K::Error: Into<HttpError>,
+        V: IntoHeaderValue,
+    {
+        if self.err.is_some() {
+            return self;
+        }
+
+        match (key.try_into(), value.try_into_value()) {
+            (Ok(name), Ok(value)) => return self.append_header((name, value)),
+            (Err(err), _) => self.err = Some(err.into()),
+            (_, Err(err)) => self.err = Some(err.into()),
+        }
+
         self
     }
 
@@ -458,7 +465,12 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
         if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
             parts.set_connection_type(ConnectionType::Upgrade);
         }
-        self.set_header(header::UPGRADE, value)
+
+        if let Ok(value) = value.try_into_value() {
+            self.insert_header((header::UPGRADE, value));
+        }
+
+        self
     }
 
     /// Force close connection, even if it is marked as keep-alive
@@ -473,7 +485,7 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
     /// Disable chunked transfer encoding for HTTP/1.1 streaming responses.
     #[inline]
     pub fn no_chunking(&mut self, len: u64) -> &mut Self {
-        self.header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, len);
+        self.insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, len));
 
         if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
             parts.no_chunking(true);
@@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.head, &self.err) {
-            match value.try_into() {
+            match value.try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => {
                     parts.headers.insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, value);
                 }
@@ -658,8 +670,9 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
                 } else {
                     true
                 };
+
                 if !contains {
-                    self.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
+                    self.insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON));
                 }
 
                 self.body(Body::from(body))
@@ -848,6 +861,8 @@ impl From<BytesMut> for Response {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use serde_json::json;
+
     use super::*;
     use crate::body::Body;
     use crate::http::header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_TYPE, COOKIE, SET_COOKIE};
@@ -855,8 +870,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_debug() {
         let resp = Response::Ok()
-            .header(COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie1=value1; "))
+            .append_header((COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie1=value1; ")))
-            .header(COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie2=value2; "))
+            .append_header((COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie2=value2; ")))
             .finish();
         let dbg = format!("{:?}", resp);
         assert!(dbg.contains("Response"));
@@ -867,8 +882,8 @@ mod tests {
         use crate::httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 
         let req = crate::test::TestRequest::default()
-            .header(COOKIE, "cookie1=value1")
+            .append_header((COOKIE, "cookie1=value1"))
-            .header(COOKIE, "cookie2=value2")
+            .append_header((COOKIE, "cookie2=value2"))
             .finish();
         let cookies = req.cookies().unwrap();
 
@@ -922,7 +937,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_basic_builder() {
-        let resp = Response::Ok().header("X-TEST", "value").finish();
+        let resp = Response::Ok().insert_header(("X-TEST", "value")).finish();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 
@@ -963,7 +978,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_json_ct() {
         let resp = Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json"))
             .json(vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
         let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("text/json"));
@@ -981,7 +996,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_json2_ct() {
         let resp = Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json"))
             .json2(&vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
         let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("text/json"));
@@ -1081,4 +1096,54 @@ mod tests {
         let cookie = resp.cookies().next().unwrap();
         assert_eq!((cookie.name(), cookie.value()), ("cookie1", "val100"));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn response_builder_header_insert_kv() {
+        let mut res = Response::Ok();
+        res.insert_header(("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream"));
+        let res = res.finish();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            res.headers().get("Content-Type"),
+            Some(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn response_builder_header_insert_typed() {
+        let mut res = Response::Ok();
+        res.insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM));
+        let res = res.finish();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            res.headers().get("Content-Type"),
+            Some(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn response_builder_header_append_kv() {
+        let mut res = Response::Ok();
+        res.append_header(("Content-Type", "application/octet-stream"));
+        res.append_header(("Content-Type", "application/json"));
+        let res = res.finish();
+
+        let headers: Vec<_> = res.headers().get_all("Content-Type").cloned().collect();
+        assert_eq!(headers.len(), 2);
+        assert!(headers.contains(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")));
+        assert!(headers.contains(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/json")));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn response_builder_header_append_typed() {
+        let mut res = Response::Ok();
+        res.append_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM));
+        res.append_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON));
+        let res = res.finish();
+
+        let headers: Vec<_> = res.headers().get_all("Content-Type").cloned().collect();
+        assert_eq!(headers.len(), 2);
+        assert!(headers.contains(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")));
+        assert!(headers.contains(&HeaderValue::from_static("application/json")));
+    }
 }

actix-http/src/test.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 use std::{
     cell::{Ref, RefCell},
-    convert::TryFrom,
     io::{self, Read, Write},
     pin::Pin,
     rc::Rc,
@@ -12,14 +11,17 @@ use std::{
 
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, ReadBuf};
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use http::header::{self, HeaderName, HeaderValue};
+use http::{
-use http::{Error as HttpError, Method, Uri, Version};
+    header::{self, HeaderValue},
+    Method, Uri, Version,
+};
 
-use crate::cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
+use crate::{
-use crate::header::HeaderMap;
+    cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar},
-use crate::header::{Header, IntoHeaderValue};
+    header::{HeaderMap, IntoHeaderPair},
-use crate::payload::Payload;
+    payload::Payload,
-use crate::Request;
+    Request,
+};
 
 /// Test `Request` builder
 ///
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ use crate::Request;
 ///     }
 /// }
 ///
-/// let resp = TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+/// let resp = TestRequest::default().insert_header("content-type", "text/plain")
 ///     .run(&index)
 ///     .unwrap();
 /// assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -69,76 +71,73 @@ impl Default for TestRequest {
 }
 
 impl TestRequest {
-    /// Create TestRequest and set request uri
+    /// Create a default TestRequest and then set its URI.
     pub fn with_uri(path: &str) -> TestRequest {
         TestRequest::default().uri(path).take()
     }
 
-    /// Create TestRequest and set header
+    /// Set HTTP version of this request.
-    pub fn with_hdr<H: Header>(hdr: H) -> TestRequest {
-        TestRequest::default().set(hdr).take()
-    }
-
-    /// Create TestRequest and set header
-    pub fn with_header<K, V>(key: K, value: V) -> TestRequest
-    where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
-    {
-        TestRequest::default().header(key, value).take()
-    }
-
-    /// Set HTTP version of this request
     pub fn version(&mut self, ver: Version) -> &mut Self {
         parts(&mut self.0).version = ver;
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set HTTP method of this request
+    /// Set HTTP method of this request.
     pub fn method(&mut self, meth: Method) -> &mut Self {
         parts(&mut self.0).method = meth;
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set HTTP Uri of this request
+    /// Set URI of this request.
+    ///
+    /// # Panics
+    /// If provided URI is invalid.
     pub fn uri(&mut self, path: &str) -> &mut Self {
         parts(&mut self.0).uri = Uri::from_str(path).unwrap();
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set a header
+    /// Insert a header, replacing any that were set with an equivalent field name.
-    pub fn set<H: Header>(&mut self, hdr: H) -> &mut Self {
+    pub fn insert_header<H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut Self
-        if let Ok(value) = hdr.try_into() {
-            parts(&mut self.0).headers.append(H::name(), value);
-            return self;
-        }
-        panic!("Can not set header");
-    }
-
-    /// Set a header
-    pub fn header<K, V>(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &mut Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        if let Ok(key) = HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
-            if let Ok(value) = value.try_into() {
+            Ok((key, value)) => {
-                parts(&mut self.0).headers.append(key, value);
+                parts(&mut self.0).headers.insert(key, value);
-                return self;
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                panic!("Error inserting test header: {}.", err.into());
             }
         }
-        panic!("Can not create header");
+
+        self
     }
 
-    /// Set cookie for this request
+    /// Append a header, keeping any that were set with an equivalent field name.
+    pub fn append_header<H>(&mut self, header: H) -> &mut Self
+    where
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
+    {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
+            Ok((key, value)) => {
+                parts(&mut self.0).headers.append(key, value);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                panic!("Error inserting test header: {}.", err.into());
+            }
+        }
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set cookie for this request.
     pub fn cookie<'a>(&mut self, cookie: Cookie<'a>) -> &mut Self {
         parts(&mut self.0).cookies.add(cookie.into_owned());
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set request payload
+    /// Set request payload.
     pub fn set_payload<B: Into<Bytes>>(&mut self, data: B) -> &mut Self {
         let mut payload = crate::h1::Payload::empty();
         payload.unread_data(data.into());
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ impl TestRequest {
         TestRequest(self.0.take())
     }
 
-    /// Complete request creation and generate `Request` instance
+    /// Complete request creation and generate `Request` instance.
     pub fn finish(&mut self) -> Request {
         let inner = self.0.take().expect("cannot reuse test request builder");
 

actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl ResponseError for HandshakeError {
     fn error_response(&self) -> Response {
         match self {
             HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired => Response::MethodNotAllowed()
-                .header(header::ALLOW, "GET")
+                .insert_header((header::ALLOW, "GET"))
                 .finish(),
 
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade => Response::BadRequest()
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ pub fn handshake_response(req: &RequestHead) -> ResponseBuilder {
 
     Response::build(StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS)
         .upgrade("websocket")
-        .header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked")
+        .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
-        .header(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT, key.as_str())
+        .insert_header((header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT, key))
         .take()
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"))
+            .insert_header((header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test")))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
@@ -232,10 +232,10 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade,
@@ -243,14 +243,14 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader,
@@ -258,18 +258,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("5"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion,
@@ -277,18 +277,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey,
@@ -296,22 +296,22 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS,

actix-http/tests/test_client.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async fn test_h1_v2() {
     let response = srv.get("/").send().await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
-    let request = srv.get("/").header("x-test", "111").send();
+    let request = srv.get("/").insert_header(("x-test", "111")).send();
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 

actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs

@@ -173,8 +173,8 @@ async fn test_h2_headers() {
         HttpService::build().h2(move |_| {
             let mut builder = Response::Ok();
             for idx in 0..90 {
-                builder.header(
+                builder.insert_header(
-                    format!("X-TEST-{}", idx).as_str(),
+                    (format!("X-TEST-{}", idx).as_str(),
                     "TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async fn test_h2_headers() {
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST ",
-                );
+                ));
             }
             ok::<_, ()>(builder.body(data.clone()))
         })
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ async fn test_h2_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 let body = once(ok::<_, Error>(Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref())));
                 ok::<_, ()>(
                     Response::Ok()
-                        .header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked")
+                        .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
                         .streaming(body),
                 )
             })
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ async fn test_h2_response_http_error_handling() {
                 let broken_header = Bytes::from_static(b"\0\0\0");
                 ok::<_, ()>(
                     Response::Ok()
-                        .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header)
+                        .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header))
                         .body(STR),
                 )
             }))

actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ async fn test_h2_headers() {
         HttpService::build().h2(move |_| {
             let mut config = Response::Ok();
             for idx in 0..90 {
-                config.header(
+                config.insert_header((
                     format!("X-TEST-{}", idx).as_str(),
                     "TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ async fn test_h2_headers() {
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST ",
-                );
+                ));
             }
             future::ok::<_, ()>(config.body(data.clone()))
         })
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@ async fn test_h2_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 let body = once(ok::<_, Error>(Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref())));
                 ok::<_, ()>(
                     Response::Ok()
-                        .header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked")
+                        .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
                         .streaming(body),
                 )
             })
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ async fn test_h2_response_http_error_handling() {
                     let broken_header = Bytes::from_static(b"\0\0\0");
                     ok::<_, ()>(
                         Response::Ok()
-                            .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header)
+                            .insert_header((http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header))
                             .body(STR),
                     )
                 }))

actix-http/tests/test_server.rs

@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ async fn test_h1_headers() {
         HttpService::build().h1(move |_| {
             let mut builder = Response::Ok();
             for idx in 0..90 {
-                builder.header(
+                builder.insert_header((
                     format!("X-TEST-{}", idx).as_str(),
                     "TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ async fn test_h1_headers() {
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST \
                         TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST ",
-                );
+                ));
             }
             future::ok::<_, ()>(builder.body(data.clone()))
         }).tcp()
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ async fn test_h1_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 let body = once(ok::<_, Error>(Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref())));
                 ok::<_, ()>(
                     Response::Ok()
-                        .header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked")
+                        .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
                         .streaming(body),
                 )
             })
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ async fn test_h1_response_http_error_handling() {
                 let broken_header = Bytes::from_static(b"\0\0\0");
                 ok::<_, ()>(
                     Response::Ok()
-                        .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header)
+                        .insert_header((http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, broken_header))
                         .body(STR),
                 )
             }))

actix-web-actors/src/ws.rs

@@ -166,11 +166,11 @@ pub fn handshake_with_protocols(
 
     let mut response = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS)
         .upgrade("websocket")
-        .header(header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT, key.as_str())
+        .insert_header((header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT, key))
         .take();
 
     if let Some(protocol) = protocol {
-        response.header(&header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, protocol);
+        response.insert_header((header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL, protocol));
     }
 
     Ok(response)
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"))
+            .insert_header((header::UPGRADE, header::HeaderValue::from_static("test")))
             .to_http_request();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
@@ -581,10 +581,10 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade,
@@ -592,14 +592,14 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader,
@@ -607,18 +607,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("5"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion,
@@ -626,18 +626,18 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey,
@@ -645,22 +645,22 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let resp = handshake(&req).unwrap().finish();
@@ -669,26 +669,26 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(None, resp.headers().get(&header::TRANSFER_ENCODING));
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("graphql"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let protocols = ["graphql"];
@@ -710,26 +710,26 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("p1, p2, p3"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let protocols = vec!["p3", "p2"];
@@ -751,26 +751,26 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::UPGRADE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("websocket"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONNECTION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("13"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("p1,p2,p3"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let protocols = vec!["p3", "p2"];

awc/CHANGES.md

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
 # Changes
 
 ## Unreleased - 2021-xx-xx
+### Added
+* `ClientRequest::insert_header` method which allows using typed headers. [#1869]
+* `ClientRequest::append_header` method which allows using typed headers. [#1869]
+
+### Removed
+* `ClientRequest::set`; use `ClientRequest::insert_header`. [#1869]
+* `ClientRequest::set_header`; use `ClientRequest::insert_header`. [#1869]
+* `ClientRequest::set_header_if_none`; use `ClientRequest::insert_header_if_none`. [#1869]
+* `ClientRequest::header`; use `ClientRequest::append_header`. [#1869]
+
+[#1869]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/1869
 
 
 ## 3.0.0-beta.1 - 2021-01-07

awc/src/builder.rs

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ impl ClientBuilder {
         V::Error: fmt::Debug,
     {
         match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok(key) => match value.try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => {
                     self.headers.append(key, value);
                 }

awc/src/frozen.rs

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ impl FrozenSendBuilder {
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok(key) => match value.try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => self.extra_headers.insert(key, value),
                 Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
             },

awc/src/lib.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 //! # async fn main() -> Result<(), awc::error::SendRequestError> {
 //! let mut client = awc::Client::default();
 //! let response = client.get("http://www.rust-lang.org") // <- Create request builder
-//!     .header("User-Agent", "Actix-web")
+//!     .insert_header(("User-Agent", "Actix-web"))
 //!     .send()                                            // <- Send http request
 //!     .await?;
 //!
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ use self::connect::{Connect, ConnectorWrapper};
 ///     let mut client = Client::default();
 ///
 ///     let res = client.get("http://www.rust-lang.org") // <- Create request builder
-///         .header("User-Agent", "Actix-web")
+///         .insert_header(("User-Agent", "Actix-web"))
 ///         .send()                             // <- Send http request
 ///         .await;                             // <- send request and wait for response
 ///
@@ -182,8 +182,8 @@ impl Client {
     {
         let mut req = ClientRequest::new(method, url, self.0.clone());
 
-        for (key, value) in self.0.headers.iter() {
+        for header in self.0.headers.iter() {
-            req = req.set_header_if_none(key.clone(), value.clone());
+            req = req.insert_header_if_none(header);
         }
         req
     }
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@ impl Client {
         <Uri as TryFrom<U>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
     {
         let mut req = self.request(head.method.clone(), url);
-        for (key, value) in head.headers.iter() {
+        for header in head.headers.iter() {
-            req = req.set_header_if_none(key.clone(), value.clone());
+            req = req.insert_header_if_none(header);
         }
         req
     }

awc/src/request.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ use serde::Serialize;
 
 use actix_http::body::Body;
 use actix_http::cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
-use actix_http::http::header::{self, Header, IntoHeaderValue};
+use actix_http::http::header::{self, IntoHeaderPair};
 use actix_http::http::{
-    uri, ConnectionType, Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue, Method,
+    uri, ConnectionType, Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, HeaderValue, Method, Uri,
-    Uri, Version,
+    Version,
 };
 use actix_http::{Error, RequestHead};
 
@@ -37,13 +37,11 @@ cfg_if::cfg_if! {
 /// builder-like pattern.
 ///
 /// ```rust
-/// use actix_rt::System;
-///
 /// #[actix_rt::main]
 /// async fn main() {
 ///    let response = awc::Client::new()
 ///         .get("http://www.rust-lang.org") // <- Create request builder
-///         .header("User-Agent", "Actix-web")
+///         .insert_header(("User-Agent", "Actix-web"))
 ///         .send()                          // <- Send http request
 ///         .await;
 ///
@@ -143,110 +141,71 @@ impl ClientRequest {
         &self.head.peer_addr
     }
 
-    #[inline]
     /// Returns request's headers.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap {
         &self.head.headers
     }
 
-    #[inline]
     /// Returns request's mutable headers.
+    #[inline]
     pub fn headers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderMap {
         &mut self.head.headers
     }
 
-    /// Set a header.
+    /// Insert a header, replacing any that were set with an equivalent field name.
-    ///
+    pub fn insert_header<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
-    /// ```rust
-    /// fn main() {
-    /// # actix_rt::System::new("test").block_on(futures_util::future::lazy(|_| {
-    ///     let req = awc::Client::new()
-    ///         .get("http://www.rust-lang.org")
-    ///         .set(awc::http::header::Date::now())
-    ///         .set(awc::http::header::ContentType(mime::TEXT_HTML));
-    /// #   Ok::<_, ()>(())
-    /// # }));
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn set<H: Header>(mut self, hdr: H) -> Self {
-        match hdr.try_into() {
-            Ok(value) => {
-                self.head.headers.insert(H::name(), value);
-            }
-            Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-        }
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Append a header.
-    ///
-    /// Header gets appended to existing header.
-    /// To override header use `set_header()` method.
-    ///
-    /// ```rust
-    /// use awc::{http, Client};
-    ///
-    /// fn main() {
-    /// # actix_rt::System::new("test").block_on(async {
-    ///     let req = Client::new()
-    ///         .get("http://www.rust-lang.org")
-    ///         .header("X-TEST", "value")
-    ///         .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
-    /// #   Ok::<_, ()>(())
-    /// # });
-    /// }
-    /// ```
-    pub fn header<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok((key, value)) => self.head.headers.insert(key, value),
-                Ok(value) => self.head.headers.append(key, value),
-                Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-            },
             Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-        }
+        };
-        self
-    }
 
-    /// Insert a header, replaces existing header.
-    pub fn set_header<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
-    where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
-    {
-        match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
-                Ok(value) => self.head.headers.insert(key, value),
-                Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-            },
-            Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-        }
         self
     }
 
     /// Insert a header only if it is not yet set.
-    pub fn set_header_if_none<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
+    pub fn insert_header_if_none<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
-            Ok(key) => {
+            Ok((key, value)) => {
                 if !self.head.headers.contains_key(&key) {
-                    match value.try_into() {
+                    self.head.headers.insert(key, value);
-                        Ok(value) => self.head.headers.insert(key, value),
-                        Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-                    }
                 }
             }
             Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
-        }
+        };
+
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Append a header, keeping any that were set with an equivalent field name.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # #[actix_rt::main]
+    /// # async fn main() {
+    /// # use awc::Client;
+    /// use awc::http::header::ContentType;
+    ///
+    /// Client::new()
+    ///     .get("http://www.rust-lang.org")
+    ///     .insert_header(("X-TEST", "value"))
+    ///     .insert_header(ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON));
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn append_header<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
+    where
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
+    {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
+            Ok((key, value)) => self.head.headers.append(key, value),
+            Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
+        };
+
         self
     }
 
@@ -282,7 +241,7 @@ impl ClientRequest {
     /// Set content length
     #[inline]
     pub fn content_length(self, len: u64) -> Self {
-        self.header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, len)
+        self.append_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, len))
     }
 
     /// Set HTTP basic authorization header
@@ -294,10 +253,10 @@ impl ClientRequest {
             Some(password) => format!("{}:{}", username, password),
             None => format!("{}:", username),
         };
-        self.header(
+        self.append_header((
             header::AUTHORIZATION,
             format!("Basic {}", base64::encode(&auth)),
-        )
+        ))
     }
 
     /// Set HTTP bearer authentication header
@@ -305,7 +264,7 @@ impl ClientRequest {
     where
         T: fmt::Display,
     {
-        self.header(header::AUTHORIZATION, format!("Bearer {}", token))
+        self.append_header((header::AUTHORIZATION, format!("Bearer {}", token)))
     }
 
     /// Set a cookie
@@ -557,12 +516,15 @@ impl ClientRequest {
                 .unwrap_or(true);
 
             if https {
-                slf = slf.set_header_if_none(header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, HTTPS_ENCODING)
+                slf =
+                    slf.insert_header_if_none((header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, HTTPS_ENCODING))
             } else {
                 #[cfg(any(feature = "flate2-zlib", feature = "flate2-rust"))]
                 {
-                    slf =
+                    slf = slf.insert_header_if_none((
-                        slf.set_header_if_none(header::ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate")
+                        header::ACCEPT_ENCODING,
+                        "gzip, deflate",
+                    ))
                 }
             };
         }
@@ -595,7 +557,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_debug() {
-        let request = Client::new().get("/").header("x-test", "111");
+        let request = Client::new().get("/").append_header(("x-test", "111"));
         let repr = format!("{:?}", request);
         assert!(repr.contains("ClientRequest"));
         assert!(repr.contains("x-test"));
@@ -606,18 +568,18 @@ mod tests {
         let req = Client::new()
             .put("/")
             .version(Version::HTTP_2)
-            .set(header::Date(SystemTime::now().into()))
+            .insert_header(header::Date(SystemTime::now().into()))
             .content_type("plain/text")
-            .header(header::SERVER, "awc");
+            .append_header((header::SERVER, "awc"));
 
         let req = if let Some(val) = Some("server") {
-            req.header(header::USER_AGENT, val)
+            req.append_header((header::USER_AGENT, val))
         } else {
             req
         };
 
         let req = if let Some(_val) = Option::<&str>::None {
-            req.header(header::ALLOW, "1")
+            req.append_header((header::ALLOW, "1"))
         } else {
             req
         };
@@ -660,7 +622,7 @@ mod tests {
             .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "111")
             .finish()
             .get("/")
-            .set_header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "222");
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "222"));
 
         assert_eq!(
             req.head

awc/src/sender.rs

@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ impl RequestSender {
         match self {
             RequestSender::Owned(head) => {
                 if !head.headers.contains_key(&key) {
-                    match value.try_into() {
+                    match value.try_into_value() {
                         Ok(value) => head.headers.insert(key, value),
                         Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
                     }
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ impl RequestSender {
                 if !head.headers.contains_key(&key)
                     && !extra_headers.iter().any(|h| h.contains_key(&key))
                 {
-                    match value.try_into() {
+                    match value.try_into_value() {
                         Ok(v) => {
                             let h = extra_headers.get_or_insert(HeaderMap::new());
                             h.insert(key, v)

awc/src/test.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl TestResponse {
 
     /// Set a header
     pub fn set<H: Header>(mut self, hdr: H) -> Self {
-        if let Ok(value) = hdr.try_into() {
+        if let Ok(value) = hdr.try_into_value() {
             self.head.headers.append(H::name(), value);
             return self;
         }
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl TestResponse {
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         if let Ok(key) = HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            if let Ok(value) = value.try_into() {
+            if let Ok(value) = value.try_into_value() {
                 self.head.headers.append(key, value);
                 return self;
             }

awc/src/ws.rs

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok(key) => match value.try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => {
                     self.head.headers.append(key, value);
                 }
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
         V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok(key) => match value.try_into_value() {
                 Ok(value) => {
                     self.head.headers.insert(key, value);
                 }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
         match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
             Ok(key) => {
                 if !self.head.headers.contains_key(&key) {
-                    match value.try_into() {
+                    match value.try_into_value() {
                         Ok(value) => {
                             self.head.headers.insert(key, value);
                         }

awc/tests/test_client.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ async fn test_simple() {
             .service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok().body(STR))))
     });
 
-    let request = srv.get("/").header("x-test", "111").send();
+    let request = srv.get("/").insert_header(("x-test", "111")).send();
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ async fn test_json() {
 
     let request = srv
         .get("/")
-        .header("x-test", "111")
+        .insert_header(("x-test", "111"))
         .send_json(&"TEST".to_string());
     let response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -99,7 +99,10 @@ async fn test_form() {
     let mut data = HashMap::new();
     let _ = data.insert("key".to_string(), "TEST".to_string());
 
-    let request = srv.get("/").header("x-test", "111").send_form(&data);
+    let request = srv
+        .get("/")
+        .append_header(("x-test", "111"))
+        .send_form(&data);
     let response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 }
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ async fn test_client_gzip_encoding() {
             let data = e.finish().unwrap();
 
             HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .header("content-encoding", "gzip")
+                .insert_header(("content-encoding", "gzip"))
                 .body(data)
         })))
     });
@@ -461,7 +464,7 @@ async fn test_client_gzip_encoding_large() {
             let data = e.finish().unwrap();
 
             HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .header("content-encoding", "gzip")
+                .insert_header(("content-encoding", "gzip"))
                 .body(data)
         })))
     });
@@ -489,7 +492,7 @@ async fn test_client_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
             e.write_all(&data).unwrap();
             let data = e.finish().unwrap();
             HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .header("content-encoding", "gzip")
+                .insert_header(("content-encoding", "gzip"))
                 .body(data)
         })))
     });
@@ -511,7 +514,7 @@ async fn test_client_brotli_encoding() {
             e.write_all(&data).unwrap();
             let data = e.finish().unwrap();
             HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .header("content-encoding", "br")
+                .insert_header(("content-encoding", "br"))
                 .body(data)
         })))
     });
@@ -539,7 +542,7 @@ async fn test_client_brotli_encoding_large_random() {
             e.write_all(&data).unwrap();
             let data = e.finish().unwrap();
             HttpResponse::Ok()
-                .header("content-encoding", "br")
+                .insert_header(("content-encoding", "br"))
                 .body(data)
         })))
     });

examples/client.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
     // Create request builder, configure request and send
     let mut response = client
         .get("https://www.rust-lang.org/")
-        .header("User-Agent", "Actix-web")
+        .append_header(("User-Agent", "Actix-web"))
         .send()
         .await?;
 

src/extract.rs

@@ -347,25 +347,21 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_option() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .data(FormConfig::default().limit(4096))
-        )
+            .to_http_parts();
-        .data(FormConfig::default().limit(4096))
-        .to_http_parts();
 
         let r = Option::<Form<Info>>::from_request(&req, &mut pl)
             .await
             .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(r, None);
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "9"))
-        )
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
-        .header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "9")
+            .to_http_parts();
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
-        .to_http_parts();
 
         let r = Option::<Form<Info>>::from_request(&req, &mut pl)
             .await
@@ -377,13 +373,11 @@ mod tests {
             }))
         );
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "9"))
-        )
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"bye=world"))
-        .header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "9")
+            .to_http_parts();
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"bye=world"))
-        .to_http_parts();
 
         let r = Option::<Form<Info>>::from_request(&req, &mut pl)
             .await
@@ -393,13 +387,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_result() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11"))
-        )
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
-        .header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+            .to_http_parts();
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
-        .to_http_parts();
 
         let r = Result::<Form<Info>, Error>::from_request(&req, &mut pl)
             .await
@@ -412,13 +404,11 @@ mod tests {
             })
         );
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, 9))
-        )
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"bye=world"))
-        .header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "9")
+            .to_http_parts();
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"bye=world"))
-        .to_http_parts();
 
         let r = Result::<Form<Info>, Error>::from_request(&req, &mut pl)
             .await

src/guard.rs

@@ -330,7 +330,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_header() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked")
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let pred = Header("transfer-encoding", "chunked");
@@ -346,10 +347,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_host() {
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::HOST,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("www.rust-lang.org"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let pred = Host("www.rust-lang.org");
@@ -374,10 +375,10 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_host_scheme() {
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::HOST,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("https://www.rust-lang.org"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let pred = Host("www.rust-lang.org").scheme("https");

src/info.rs

@@ -200,10 +200,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(info.host(), "localhost:8080");
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::FORWARDED,
                 "for=192.0.2.60; proto=https; by=203.0.113.43; host=rust-lang.org",
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let info = req.connection_info();
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(info.realip_remote_addr(), Some("192.0.2.60"));
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::HOST, "rust-lang.org")
+            .insert_header((header::HOST, "rust-lang.org"))
             .to_http_request();
 
         let info = req.connection_info();
@@ -221,20 +221,20 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(info.realip_remote_addr(), None);
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(X_FORWARDED_FOR, "192.0.2.60")
+            .insert_header((X_FORWARDED_FOR, "192.0.2.60"))
             .to_http_request();
         let info = req.connection_info();
         assert_eq!(info.realip_remote_addr(), Some("192.0.2.60"));
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(X_FORWARDED_HOST, "192.0.2.60")
+            .insert_header((X_FORWARDED_HOST, "192.0.2.60"))
             .to_http_request();
         let info = req.connection_info();
         assert_eq!(info.host(), "192.0.2.60");
         assert_eq!(info.realip_remote_addr(), None);
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(X_FORWARDED_PROTO, "https")
+            .insert_header((X_FORWARDED_PROTO, "https"))
             .to_http_request();
         let info = req.connection_info();
         assert_eq!(info.scheme(), "https");

src/lib.rs

@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub mod client {
     //!
     //!    // Create request builder and send request
     //!    let response = client.get("http://www.rust-lang.org")
-    //!       .header("User-Agent", "actix-web/3.0")
+    //!       .insert_header(("User-Agent", "actix-web/3.0"))
     //!       .send()     // <- Send request
     //!       .await;     // <- Wait for response
     //!

src/middleware/default_headers.rs

@@ -212,8 +212,11 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::default().to_srv_request();
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
-            ok(req
+            ok(req.into_response(
-                .into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().header(CONTENT_TYPE, "0002").finish()))
+                HttpResponse::Ok()
+                    .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "0002"))
+                    .finish(),
+            ))
         };
         let mut mw = DefaultHeaders::new()
             .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "0001")

src/middleware/logger.rs

@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ mod tests {
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
             ok(req.into_response(
                 HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
-                    .header("X-Test", "ttt")
+                    .insert_header(("X-Test", "ttt"))
                     .finish(),
             ))
         };
@@ -611,11 +611,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut srv = logger.new_transform(srv.into_service()).await.unwrap();
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
+                header::USER_AGENT,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        .to_srv_request();
+            ))
+            .to_srv_request();
         let _res = srv.call(req).await;
     }
 
@@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ mod tests {
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
             ok(req.into_response(
                 HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
-                    .header("X-Test", "ttt")
+                    .insert_header(("X-Test", "ttt"))
                     .finish(),
             ))
         };
@@ -633,23 +634,25 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut srv = logger.new_transform(srv.into_service()).await.unwrap();
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
+                header::USER_AGENT,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        .to_srv_request();
+            ))
+            .to_srv_request();
         let _res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_url_path() {
         let mut format = Format::new("%T %U");
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
+                header::USER_AGENT,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        .uri("/test/route/yeah")
+            ))
-        .to_srv_request();
+            .uri("/test/route/yeah")
+            .to_srv_request();
 
         let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
         for unit in &mut format.0 {
@@ -676,12 +679,13 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_default_format() {
         let mut format = Format::default();
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::USER_AGENT,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
+                header::USER_AGENT,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("ACTIX-WEB"),
-        .peer_addr("127.0.0.1:8081".parse().unwrap())
+            ))
-        .to_srv_request();
+            .peer_addr("127.0.0.1:8081".parse().unwrap())
+            .to_srv_request();
 
         let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
         for unit in &mut format.0 {
@@ -736,13 +740,14 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_remote_addr_format() {
         let mut format = Format::new("%{r}a");
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::FORWARDED,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                header::FORWARDED,
-                "for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43",
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static(
-            ),
+                    "for=192.0.2.60;proto=http;by=203.0.113.43",
-        )
+                ),
-        .to_srv_request();
+            ))
+            .to_srv_request();
 
         let now = OffsetDateTime::now_utc();
         for unit in &mut format.0 {

src/request.rs

@@ -423,8 +423,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_debug() {
-        let req =
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "text/plain").to_http_request();
+            .insert_header(("content-type", "text/plain"))
+            .to_http_request();
         let dbg = format!("{:?}", req);
         assert!(dbg.contains("HttpRequest"));
     }
@@ -438,8 +439,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_request_cookies() {
         let req = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(header::COOKIE, "cookie1=value1")
+            .append_header((header::COOKIE, "cookie1=value1"))
-            .header(header::COOKIE, "cookie2=value2")
+            .append_header((header::COOKIE, "cookie2=value2"))
             .to_http_request();
         {
             let cookies = req.cookies().unwrap();
@@ -476,7 +477,8 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(rmap.has_resource("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!rmap.has_resource("/test/unknown"));
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::HOST, "www.rust-lang.org")
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::HOST, "www.rust-lang.org"))
             .rmap(rmap)
             .to_http_request();
 
@@ -506,7 +508,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(rmap.has_resource("/index.html"));
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
-            .header(header::HOST, "www.rust-lang.org")
+            .insert_header((header::HOST, "www.rust-lang.org"))
             .rmap(rmap)
             .to_http_request();
         let url = req.url_for_static("index");
@@ -557,7 +559,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut srv = init_service(App::new().service(web::resource("/").to(
             |req: HttpRequest| {
                 HttpResponse::Ok()
-                    .set_header("pool_cap", req.app_state().pool().cap)
+                    .insert_header(("pool_cap", req.app_state().pool().cap))
                     .finish()
             },
         )))

src/responder.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+use std::fmt;
 
-use actix_http::error::InternalError;
+use actix_http::{
-use actix_http::http::{
+    error::InternalError,
-    header::IntoHeaderValue, Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, HeaderName, StatusCode,
+    http::{header::IntoHeaderPair, Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, StatusCode},
+    ResponseBuilder,
 };
-use actix_http::ResponseBuilder;
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 
 use crate::{Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
 
-/// Trait implemented by types that can be converted to a http response.
+/// Trait implemented by types that can be converted to an HTTP response.
 ///
-/// Types that implement this trait can be used as the return type of a handler.
+/// Any types that implement this trait can be used in the return type of a handler.
 pub trait Responder {
     /// Convert self to `HttpResponse`.
     fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse;
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@ pub trait Responder {
     /// Override a status code for a Responder.
     ///
     /// ```rust
-    /// use actix_web::{HttpRequest, Responder, http::StatusCode};
+    /// use actix_web::{http::StatusCode, HttpRequest, Responder};
     ///
     /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
     ///     "Welcome!".with_status(StatusCode::OK)
     /// }
-    /// # fn main() {}
     /// ```
     fn with_status(self, status: StatusCode) -> CustomResponder<Self>
     where
@@ -33,7 +32,9 @@ pub trait Responder {
         CustomResponder::new(self).with_status(status)
     }
 
-    /// Add header to the Responder's response.
+    /// Insert header to the final response.
+    ///
+    /// Overrides other headers with the same name.
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// use actix_web::{web, HttpRequest, Responder};
@@ -45,21 +46,16 @@ pub trait Responder {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
-    ///     web::Json(
+    ///     web::Json(MyObj { name: "Name".to_owned() })
-    ///         MyObj{name: "Name".to_string()}
+    ///         .with_header(("x-version", "1.2.3"))
-    ///     )
-    ///     .with_header("x-version", "1.2.3")
     /// }
-    /// # fn main() {}
     /// ```
-    fn with_header<K, V>(self, key: K, value: V) -> CustomResponder<Self>
+    fn with_header<H>(self, header: H) -> CustomResponder<Self>
     where
         Self: Sized,
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        CustomResponder::new(self).with_header(key, value)
+        CustomResponder::new(self).with_header(header)
     }
 }
 
@@ -155,7 +151,7 @@ impl Responder for BytesMut {
     }
 }
 
-/// Allows to override status code and headers for a responder.
+/// Allows overriding status code and headers for a responder.
 pub struct CustomResponder<T> {
     responder: T,
     status: Option<StatusCode>,
@@ -181,14 +177,15 @@ impl<T: Responder> CustomResponder<T> {
     /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
     ///     "Welcome!".with_status(StatusCode::OK)
     /// }
-    /// # fn main() {}
     /// ```
     pub fn with_status(mut self, status: StatusCode) -> Self {
         self.status = Some(status);
         self
     }
 
-    /// Add header to the Responder's response.
+    /// Insert header to the final response.
+    ///
+    /// Overrides other headers with the same name.
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// use actix_web::{web, HttpRequest, Responder};
@@ -200,32 +197,24 @@ impl<T: Responder> CustomResponder<T> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
-    ///     web::Json(
+    ///     web::Json(MyObj { name: "Name".to_string() })
-    ///         MyObj{name: "Name".to_string()}
+    ///         .with_header(("x-version", "1.2.3"))
-    ///     )
+    ///         .with_header(("x-version", "1.2.3"))
-    ///     .with_header("x-version", "1.2.3")
     /// }
-    /// # fn main() {}
     /// ```
-    pub fn with_header<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
+    pub fn with_header<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
         if self.headers.is_none() {
             self.headers = Some(HeaderMap::new());
         }
 
-        match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
+        match header.try_into_header_pair() {
-            Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
+            Ok((key, value)) => self.headers.as_mut().unwrap().append(key, value),
-                Ok(value) => {
-                    self.headers.as_mut().unwrap().append(key, value);
-                }
-                Err(e) => self.error = Some(e.into()),
-            },
             Err(e) => self.error = Some(e.into()),
         };
+
         self
     }
 }
@@ -240,6 +229,7 @@ impl<T: Responder> Responder for CustomResponder<T> {
 
         if let Some(ref headers) = self.headers {
             for (k, v) in headers {
+                // TODO: before v4, decide if this should be append instead
                 res.headers_mut().insert(k.clone(), v.clone());
             }
         }
@@ -250,7 +240,7 @@ impl<T: Responder> Responder for CustomResponder<T> {
 
 impl<T> Responder for InternalError<T>
 where
-    T: std::fmt::Debug + std::fmt::Display + 'static,
+    T: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
         HttpResponse::from_error(self.into())
@@ -412,7 +402,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         let res = "test"
             .to_string()
-            .with_header("content-type", "json")
+            .with_header(("content-type", "json"))
             .respond_to(&req);
 
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -432,13 +422,13 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
         let res = ("test".to_string(), StatusCode::OK)
-            .with_header("content-type", "json")
+            .with_header((CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .respond_to(&req);
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
             res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            HeaderValue::from_static("json")
+            HeaderValue::from_static("application/json")
         );
     }
 }

src/service.rs

@@ -588,14 +588,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_fmt_debug() {
         let req = TestRequest::get()
             .uri("/index.html?test=1")
-            .header("x-test", "111")
+            .insert_header(("x-test", "111"))
             .to_srv_request();
         let s = format!("{:?}", req);
         assert!(s.contains("ServiceRequest"));
         assert!(s.contains("test=1"));
         assert!(s.contains("x-test"));
 
-        let res = HttpResponse::Ok().header("x-test", "111").finish();
+        let res = HttpResponse::Ok().insert_header(("x-test", "111")).finish();
         let res = TestRequest::post()
             .uri("/index.html?test=1")
             .to_srv_response(res);

src/test.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 //! Various helpers for Actix applications to use during testing.
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
+
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::{fmt, net, thread, time};
 
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, Framed};
-use actix_http::http::header::{ContentType, Header, HeaderName, IntoHeaderValue};
+use actix_http::http::header::{ContentType, IntoHeaderPair};
-use actix_http::http::{Error as HttpError, Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version};
+use actix_http::http::{Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version};
 use actix_http::test::TestRequest as HttpTestRequest;
 use actix_http::{cookie::Cookie, ws, Extensions, HttpService, Request};
 use actix_router::{Path, ResourceDef, Url};
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// #[test]
 /// fn test_index() {
-///     let req = test::TestRequest::with_header("content-type", "text/plain")
+///     let req = test::TestRequest::default().insert_header("content-type", "text/plain")
 ///         .to_http_request();
 ///
 ///     let resp = index(req).await.unwrap();
@@ -389,21 +389,6 @@ impl TestRequest {
         TestRequest::default().uri(path)
     }
 
-    /// Create TestRequest and set header
-    pub fn with_hdr<H: Header>(hdr: H) -> TestRequest {
-        TestRequest::default().set(hdr)
-    }
-
-    /// Create TestRequest and set header
-    pub fn with_header<K, V>(key: K, value: V) -> TestRequest
-    where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
-    {
-        TestRequest::default().header(key, value)
-    }
-
     /// Create TestRequest and set method to `Method::GET`
     pub fn get() -> TestRequest {
         TestRequest::default().method(Method::GET)
@@ -447,24 +432,25 @@ impl TestRequest {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set a header
+    /// Insert a header, replacing any that were set with an equivalent field name.
-    pub fn set<H: Header>(mut self, hdr: H) -> Self {
+    pub fn insert_header<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
-        self.req.set(hdr);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Set a header
-    pub fn header<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
     where
-        HeaderName: TryFrom<K>,
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
-        <HeaderName as TryFrom<K>>::Error: Into<HttpError>,
-        V: IntoHeaderValue,
     {
-        self.req.header(key, value);
+        self.req.insert_header(header);
         self
     }
 
-    /// Set cookie for this request
+    /// Append a header, keeping any that were set with an equivalent field name.
+    pub fn append_header<H>(mut self, header: H) -> Self
+    where
+        H: IntoHeaderPair,
+    {
+        self.req.append_header(header);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set cookie for this request.
     pub fn cookie(mut self, cookie: Cookie<'_>) -> Self {
         self.req.cookie(cookie);
         self
@@ -494,7 +480,7 @@ impl TestRequest {
         let bytes = serde_urlencoded::to_string(data)
             .expect("Failed to serialize test data as a urlencoded form");
         self.req.set_payload(bytes);
-        self.req.set(ContentType::form_url_encoded());
+        self.req.insert_header(ContentType::form_url_encoded());
         self
     }
 
@@ -504,7 +490,7 @@ impl TestRequest {
         let bytes =
             serde_json::to_string(data).expect("Failed to serialize test data to json");
         self.req.set_payload(bytes);
-        self.req.set(ContentType::json());
+        self.req.insert_header(ContentType::json());
         self
     }
 
@@ -1029,9 +1015,10 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_basics() {
-        let req = TestRequest::with_hdr(header::ContentType::json())
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
             .version(Version::HTTP_2)
-            .set(header::Date(SystemTime::now().into()))
+            .insert_header(header::ContentType::json())
+            .insert_header(header::Date(SystemTime::now().into()))
             .param("test", "123")
             .data(10u32)
             .app_data(20u64)
@@ -1068,7 +1055,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let put_req = TestRequest::put()
             .uri("/index.html")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .to_request();
 
         let result = read_response(&mut app, put_req).await;
@@ -1076,7 +1063,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let patch_req = TestRequest::patch()
             .uri("/index.html")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .to_request();
 
         let result = read_response(&mut app, patch_req).await;
@@ -1099,7 +1086,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::post()
             .uri("/index.html")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .to_request();
 
         let result = read_response(&mut app, req).await;
@@ -1144,7 +1131,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::post()
             .uri("/people")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .set_payload(payload)
             .to_request();
 
@@ -1165,7 +1152,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let resp = TestRequest::post()
             .uri("/people")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .set_payload(payload)
             .send_request(&mut app)
             .await;

src/types/form.rs

@@ -381,11 +381,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_form() {
-        let (req, mut pl) =
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-                .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, 11))
-                .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
-                .to_http_parts();
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let Form(s) = Form::<Info>::from_request(&req, &mut pl).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -414,25 +414,26 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_urlencoded_error() {
-        let (req, mut pl) =
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-                .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "xxxx")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, "xxxx"))
-                .to_http_parts();
+            .to_http_parts();
         let info = UrlEncoded::<Info>::new(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(eq(info.err().unwrap(), UrlencodedError::UnknownLength));
 
-        let (req, mut pl) =
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-                .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "1000000")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, "1000000"))
-                .to_http_parts();
+            .to_http_parts();
         let info = UrlEncoded::<Info>::new(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(eq(
             info.err().unwrap(),
             UrlencodedError::Overflow { size: 0, limit: 0 }
         ));
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain")
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "10")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain"))
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, 10))
             .to_http_parts();
         let info = UrlEncoded::<Info>::new(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(eq(info.err().unwrap(), UrlencodedError::ContentType));
@@ -440,11 +441,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_urlencoded() {
-        let (req, mut pl) =
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            TestRequest::with_header(CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-                .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, 11))
-                .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
-                .to_http_parts();
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let info = UrlEncoded::<Info>::new(&req, &mut pl).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -455,13 +456,14 @@ mod tests {
             }
         );
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
+                CONTENT_TYPE,
-        )
+                "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8",
-        .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+            ))
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, 11))
-        .to_http_parts();
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world&counter=123"))
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let info = UrlEncoded::<Info>::new(&req, &mut pl).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
@@ -497,8 +499,8 @@ mod tests {
         let ctype = HeaderValue::from_static("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(CONTENT_TYPE, ctype)
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, ctype))
-            .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("20"))
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("20")))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=test&counter=4"))
             .app_data(web::Data::new(FormConfig::default().limit(10)))
             .to_http_parts();

src/types/json.rs

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::{
         error::InternalError,
         http::{
-            header::{self, HeaderValue, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE},
+            header::{self, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE},
             StatusCode,
         },
         test::{load_stream, TestRequest},
@@ -469,14 +469,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_custom_error_responder() {
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-            )
+            ))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .app_data(JsonConfig::default().limit(10).error_handler(|err, _| {
                 let msg = MyObject {
@@ -500,14 +500,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_extract() {
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-            )
+            ))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .to_http_parts();
 
@@ -521,14 +521,14 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-            )
+            ))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .app_data(JsonConfig::default().limit(10))
             .to_http_parts();
@@ -538,14 +538,14 @@ mod tests {
             .contains("Json payload size is bigger than allowed"));
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-            )
+            ))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .app_data(
                 JsonConfig::default()
@@ -564,23 +564,23 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(json_eq(json.err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::ContentType));
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/text"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_parts();
         let json = JsonBody::<MyObject>::new(&req, &mut pl, None).await;
         assert!(json_eq(json.err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::ContentType));
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("10000"),
-            )
+            ))
             .to_http_parts();
 
         let json = JsonBody::<MyObject>::new(&req, &mut pl, None)
@@ -589,14 +589,14 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(json_eq(json.err().unwrap(), JsonPayloadError::Overflow));
 
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_TYPE,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"),
-            )
+            ))
-            .header(
+            .insert_header((
                 header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
                 header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-            )
+            ))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .to_http_parts();
 
@@ -611,17 +611,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_with_json_and_bad_content_type() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain"),
+                header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain"),
-        .header(
+            ))
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
+                header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
+            ))
-        .app_data(JsonConfig::default().limit(4096))
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
-        .to_http_parts();
+            .app_data(JsonConfig::default().limit(4096))
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let s = Json::<MyObject>::from_request(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(s.is_err())
@@ -629,19 +630,20 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_with_json_and_good_custom_content_type() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain"),
+                header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain"),
-        .header(
+            ))
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
+                header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
+            ))
-        .app_data(JsonConfig::default().content_type(|mime: mime::Mime| {
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
-            mime.type_() == mime::TEXT && mime.subtype() == mime::PLAIN
+            .app_data(JsonConfig::default().content_type(|mime: mime::Mime| {
-        }))
+                mime.type_() == mime::TEXT && mime.subtype() == mime::PLAIN
-        .to_http_parts();
+            }))
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let s = Json::<MyObject>::from_request(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(s.is_ok())
@@ -649,19 +651,20 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_with_json_and_bad_custom_content_type() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/html"),
+                header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/html"),
-        .header(
+            ))
-            header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
+            .insert_header((
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
+                header::CONTENT_LENGTH,
-        )
+                header::HeaderValue::from_static("16"),
-        .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
+            ))
-        .app_data(JsonConfig::default().content_type(|mime: mime::Mime| {
+            .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
-            mime.type_() == mime::TEXT && mime.subtype() == mime::PLAIN
+            .app_data(JsonConfig::default().content_type(|mime: mime::Mime| {
-        }))
+                mime.type_() == mime::TEXT && mime.subtype() == mime::PLAIN
-        .to_http_parts();
+            }))
+            .to_http_parts();
 
         let s = Json::<MyObject>::from_request(&req, &mut pl).await;
         assert!(s.is_err())
@@ -670,8 +673,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_with_config_in_data_wrapper() {
         let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
-            .header(CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"))
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
-            .header(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("16"))
+            .insert_header((CONTENT_LENGTH, 16))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"))
             .app_data(web::Data::new(JsonConfig::default().limit(10)))
             .to_http_parts();

src/types/payload.rs

@@ -364,14 +364,13 @@ mod tests {
         let cfg = PayloadConfig::default().mimetype(mime::APPLICATION_JSON);
         assert!(cfg.check_mimetype(&req).is_err());
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"))
-            "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+            .to_http_request();
-        )
-        .to_http_request();
         assert!(cfg.check_mimetype(&req).is_err());
 
-        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
+        let req = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json"))
             .to_http_request();
         assert!(cfg.check_mimetype(&req).is_ok());
     }
@@ -432,25 +431,25 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bytes-app-data")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON)
+            .insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .to_request();
         let resp = call_service(&mut srv, req).await;
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bytes-data")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON)
+            .insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .to_request();
         let resp = call_service(&mut srv, req).await;
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/string-app-data")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON)
+            .insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .to_request();
         let resp = call_service(&mut srv, req).await;
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/string-data")
-            .header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON)
+            .insert_header(header::ContentType(mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .to_request();
         let resp = call_service(&mut srv, req).await;
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
@@ -458,7 +457,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_bytes() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11"))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
             .to_http_parts();
 
@@ -468,7 +468,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_string() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11")
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "11"))
             .set_payload(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"))
             .to_http_parts();
 
@@ -478,7 +479,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_message_body() {
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "xxxx")
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "xxxx"))
             .to_srv_request()
             .into_parts();
         let res = HttpMessageBody::new(&req, &mut pl).await;
@@ -487,7 +489,8 @@ mod tests {
             _ => unreachable!("error"),
         }
 
-        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::with_header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "1000000")
+        let (req, mut pl) = TestRequest::default()
+            .insert_header((header::CONTENT_LENGTH, "1000000"))
             .to_srv_request()
             .into_parts();
         let res = HttpMessageBody::new(&req, &mut pl).await;

tests/test_server.rs

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ async fn test_body_gzip() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ async fn test_body_gzip2() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ async fn test_body_encoding_override() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ async fn test_body_encoding_override() {
     let mut response = srv
         .request(actix_web::http::Method::GET, srv.url("/raw"))
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ async fn test_body_gzip_large() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ async fn test_body_gzip_large_random() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ async fn test_body_chunked_implicit() {
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
         .no_decompress()
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send()
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ async fn test_body_br_streaming() {
 
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "br")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "br"))
         .no_decompress()
         .send()
         .await
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ async fn test_body_deflate() {
     // client request
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .no_decompress()
         .send()
         .await
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ async fn test_body_brotli() {
     // client request
     let mut response = srv
         .get("/")
-        .header(ACCEPT_ENCODING, "br")
+        .append_header((ACCEPT_ENCODING, "br"))
         .no_decompress()
         .send()
         .await
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ async fn test_encoding() {
 
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .insert_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ async fn test_gzip_encoding() {
 
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ async fn test_gzip_encoding_large() {
 
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ async fn test_reading_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
 
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "gzip"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding() {
     // client request
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large() {
     // client request
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
     // client request
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ async fn test_brotli_encoding() {
     // client request
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "br")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "br"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@ async fn test_brotli_encoding_large() {
     // client request
     let request = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(CONTENT_ENCODING, "br")
+        .append_header((CONTENT_ENCODING, "br"))
         .send_body(enc.clone());
     let mut response = request.await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ async fn test_brotli_encoding_large_openssl() {
     // client request
     let mut response = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(actix_web::http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br")
+        .append_header((actix_web::http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "br"))
         .send_body(enc)
         .await
         .unwrap();
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random_rustls() {
     // client request
     let req = srv
         .post("/")
-        .header(actix_web::http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate")
+        .insert_header((actix_web::http::header::CONTENT_ENCODING, "deflate"))
         .send_stream(TestBody::new(Bytes::from(enc), 1024));
 
     let mut response = req.await.unwrap();