prepare release

Deprecates Error::cause and introduces failure interoperability functions and downcasting.

.travis.yml

@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ before_script:
 
 script:
   - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" != "beta" ]]; then
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" != "1.24.0" ]]; then
     cargo clean
     cargo test --features="alpn,tls" -- --nocapture
     fi
   - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "beta" ]]; then
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "1.24.0" ]]; then
     bash <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xd009642/tarpaulin/master/travis-install.sh)
     USE_SKEPTIC=1 cargo tarpaulin --out Xml --no-count
     bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,101 @@
 # Changes
 
+## [0.6.15] - 2018-07-11
+
+### Fixed
+
+* Fix h2 compatibility #352
+
+* Fix duplicate tail of StaticFiles with index_file. #344
+
+
+## [0.6.14] - 2018-06-21
+
+### Added
+
+* Allow to disable masking for websockets client
+
+### Fixed
+
+* SendRequest execution fails with the "internal error: entered unreachable code" #329
+
+
+## [0.6.13] - 2018-06-13
+
+### Fixed
+
+* http/2 end-of-frame is not set if body is empty bytes #307
+
+* InternalError can trigger memory unsafety #301
+
+* Fix docs.rs build
+
+
+## [0.6.12] - 2018-06-08
+
+### Added
+
+* Add `Host` filter #287
+
+* Allow to filter applications
+
+* Improved failure interoperability with downcasting #285
+
+* Allow to use custom resolver for `ClientConnector`
+
+
+### Deprecated
+
+* `Error::cause()` and introduces failure interoperability functions and downcasting.
+
+
+## [0.6.11] - 2018-06-05
+
+### Fixed
+
+* Support chunked encoding for UrlEncoded body #262
+
+* `HttpRequest::url_for()` for a named route with no variables segments #265
+
+* `Middleware::response()` is not invoked if error result was returned by another `Middleware::start()` #255
+
+* CORS: Do not validate Origin header on non-OPTION requests #271
+
+* Fix multipart upload "Incomplete" error #282
+
+
+## [0.6.10] - 2018-05-24
+
+### Added
+
+* Allow to use path without traling slashes for scope registration #241
+
+* Allow to set encoding for exact NamedFile #239
+
+### Fixed
+
+* `TestServer::post()` actually sends `GET` request #240
+
+
+## 0.6.9 (2018-05-22)
+
+* Drop connection if request's payload is not fully consumed #236
+
+* Fix streaming response with body compression
+
+
+## 0.6.8 (2018-05-20)
+
+* Fix scope resource path extractor #234
+
+* Re-use tcp listener on pause/resume
+
+
+## 0.6.7 (2018-05-17)
+
+* Fix compilation with --no-default-features
+
+
 ## 0.6.6 (2018-05-17)
 
 * Panic during middleware execution #226

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-web"
-version = "0.6.6"
+version = "0.6.15"
 authors = ["Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust."
 readme = "README.md"
 keywords = ["http", "web", "framework", "async", "futures"]
-homepage = "https://github.com/actix/actix-web"
+homepage = "https://actix.rs"
 repository = "https://github.com/actix/actix-web.git"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/actix-web/"
 categories = ["network-programming", "asynchronous",
@@ -46,8 +46,11 @@ flate2-c = ["flate2/miniz-sys"]
 # rust backend for flate2 crate
 flate2-rust = ["flate2/rust_backend"]
 
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+features = ["tls", "alpn", "session", "brotli", "flate2-c"]
+
 [dependencies]
-actix = "^0.5.5"
+actix = "^0.5.8"
 
 base64 = "0.9"
 bitflags = "1.0"

README.md

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
 
-* Supported *HTTP/1.x* and [*HTTP/2.0*](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-12-http2.html) protocols
+* Supported *HTTP/1.x* and [*HTTP/2.0*](https://actix.rs/docs/http2/) protocols
 * Streaming and pipelining
 * Keep-alive and slow requests handling
-* Client/server [WebSockets](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-11-websockets.html) support
+* Client/server [WebSockets](https://actix.rs/docs/websockets/) support
 * Transparent content compression/decompression (br, gzip, deflate)
-* Configurable [request routing](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-6-url-dispatch.html)
+* Configurable [request routing](https://actix.rs/docs/url-dispatch/)
 * Graceful server shutdown
 * Multipart streams
 * Static assets
@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
   [DefaultHeaders](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-9-middlewares.html#default-headers),
   [CORS](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/middleware/cors/index.html),
   [CSRF](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/middleware/csrf/index.html))
-* Includes an asynchronous [HTTP client](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/blob/master/src/client/mod.rs)
+* Includes an asynchronous [HTTP client](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/client/index.html)
 * Built on top of [Actix actor framework](https://github.com/actix/actix)
 
 ## Documentation & community resources
 
-* [User Guide](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/)
+* [User Guide](https://actix.rs/docs/)
 * [API Documentation (Development)](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/)
 * [API Documentation (Releases)](https://docs.rs/actix-web/)
 * [Chat on gitter](https://gitter.im/actix/actix)
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
 
 ```rust
 extern crate actix_web;
-use actix_web::{http, server, App, Path};
+use actix_web::{http, server, App, Path, Responder};
 
-fn index(info: Path<(u32, String)>) -> String {
+fn index(info: Path<(u32, String)>) -> impl Responder {
     format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.1, info.0)
 }
 

src/application.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ pub struct HttpApplication<S = ()> {
     prefix_len: usize,
     router: Router,
     inner: Rc<UnsafeCell<Inner<S>>>,
+    filters: Option<Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>>,
     middlewares: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
 }
 
@@ -107,16 +108,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
                                 }
                             }
 
-                            let prefix_len = inner.prefix + prefix_len - 1;
+                            let prefix_len = inner.prefix + prefix_len;
                             let path: &'static str =
                                 unsafe { &*(&req.path()[prefix_len..] as *const _) };
 
                             req.set_prefix_len(prefix_len as u16);
-                            if path.is_empty() {
+                            req.match_info_mut().set("tail", path);
-                                req.match_info_mut().set("tail", "/");
-                            } else {
-                                req.match_info_mut().set("tail", path);
-                            }
                             return HandlerType::Handler(idx);
                         }
                     }
@@ -147,11 +144,21 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpHandler for HttpApplication<S> {
                     || path.split_at(self.prefix_len).1.starts_with('/'))
         };
         if m {
-            let mut req = req.with_state(Rc::clone(&self.state), self.router.clone());
+            let mut req2 =
-            let tp = self.get_handler(&mut req);
+                req.clone_with_state(Rc::clone(&self.state), self.router.clone());
+
+            if let Some(ref filters) = self.filters {
+                for filter in filters {
+                    if !filter.check(&mut req2) {
+                        return Err(req);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            let tp = self.get_handler(&mut req2);
             let inner = Rc::clone(&self.inner);
             Ok(Box::new(Pipeline::new(
-                req,
+                req2,
                 Rc::clone(&self.middlewares),
                 inner,
                 tp,
@@ -172,6 +179,7 @@ struct ApplicationParts<S> {
     external: HashMap<String, Resource>,
     encoding: ContentEncoding,
     middlewares: Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>,
+    filters: Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>,
 }
 
 /// Structure that follows the builder pattern for building application
@@ -194,6 +202,7 @@ impl App<()> {
                 handlers: Vec::new(),
                 external: HashMap::new(),
                 encoding: ContentEncoding::Auto,
+                filters: Vec::new(),
                 middlewares: Vec::new(),
             }),
         }
@@ -233,6 +242,7 @@ where
                 handlers: Vec::new(),
                 external: HashMap::new(),
                 middlewares: Vec::new(),
+                filters: Vec::new(),
                 encoding: ContentEncoding::Auto,
             }),
         }
@@ -271,8 +281,8 @@ where
     ///     let app = App::new()
     ///         .prefix("/app")
     ///         .resource("/test", |r| {
-    ///              r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+    ///             r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
-    ///              r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
+    ///             r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
     ///         })
     ///         .finish();
     /// }
@@ -289,6 +299,26 @@ where
         self
     }
 
+    /// Add match predicate to application.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate actix_web;
+    /// # use actix_web::*;
+    /// # fn main() {
+    /// App::new()
+    ///     .filter(pred::Host("www.rust-lang.org"))
+    ///     .resource("/path", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    /// #      .finish();
+    /// # }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn filter<T: Predicate<S> + 'static>(mut self, p: T) -> App<S> {
+        {
+            let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
+            parts.filters.push(Box::new(p));
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Configure route for a specific path.
     ///
     /// This is a simplified version of the `App::resource()` method.
@@ -304,10 +334,12 @@ where
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new()
-    ///         .route("/test", http::Method::GET,
+    ///         .route("/test", http::Method::GET, |_: HttpRequest| {
-    ///                |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    ///             HttpResponse::Ok()
-    ///         .route("/test", http::Method::POST,
+    ///         })
-    ///                |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
+    ///         .route("/test", http::Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| {
+    ///             HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()
+    ///         });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn route<T, F, R>(mut self, path: &str, method: Method, f: F) -> App<S>
@@ -349,12 +381,12 @@ where
     /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().scope("/{project_id}", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/{project_id}", |scope| {
+    ///         scope
-    ///              scope.resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///             .resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-    ///                .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///             .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-    ///                .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
+    ///             .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
-    ///         });
+    ///     });
     /// }
     /// ```
     ///
@@ -369,14 +401,6 @@ where
     {
         {
             let mut scope = Box::new(f(Scope::new()));
-
-            let mut path = path.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
-            if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
-                path.insert(0, '/')
-            }
-            if !path.ends_with('/') {
-                path.push('/');
-            }
             let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
 
             let filters = scope.take_filters();
@@ -414,11 +438,10 @@ where
     /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
-    ///         .resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
+    ///         r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
-    ///              r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+    ///         r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
-    ///              r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
+    ///     });
-    ///         });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn resource<F, R>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> App<S>
@@ -481,9 +504,9 @@ where
     /// use actix_web::{App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
     ///
     /// fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse> {
-    ///    let url = req.url_for("youtube", &["oHg5SJYRHA0"])?;
+    ///     let url = req.url_for("youtube", &["oHg5SJYRHA0"])?;
-    ///    assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://youtube.com/watch/oHg5SJYRHA0");
+    ///     assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://youtube.com/watch/oHg5SJYRHA0");
-    ///    Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().into())
+    ///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().into())
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
@@ -526,13 +549,11 @@ where
     /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().handler("/app", |req: HttpRequest| match *req.method() {
-    ///         .handler("/app", |req: HttpRequest| {
+    ///         http::Method::GET => HttpResponse::Ok(),
-    ///             match *req.method() {
+    ///         http::Method::POST => HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed(),
-    ///                 http::Method::GET => HttpResponse::Ok(),
+    ///         _ => HttpResponse::NotFound(),
-    ///                 http::Method::POST => HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed(),
+    ///     });
-    ///                 _ => HttpResponse::NotFound(),
-    ///         }});
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn handler<H: Handler<S>>(mut self, path: &str, handler: H) -> App<S> {
@@ -573,15 +594,14 @@ where
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
-    /// use actix_web::{App, HttpResponse, fs, middleware};
+    /// use actix_web::{fs, middleware, App, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// // this function could be located in different module
     /// fn config(app: App) -> App {
-    ///     app
+    ///     app.resource("/test", |r| {
-    ///         .resource("/test", |r| {
+    ///         r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
-    ///              r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+    ///         r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
-    ///              r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
+    ///     })
-    ///         })
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
@@ -622,6 +642,11 @@ where
             handlers: parts.handlers,
             resources,
         }));
+        let filters = if parts.filters.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(parts.filters)
+        };
 
         HttpApplication {
             state: Rc::new(parts.state),
@@ -630,6 +655,7 @@ where
             prefix,
             prefix_len,
             inner,
+            filters,
         }
     }
 
@@ -648,19 +674,22 @@ where
     /// struct State2;
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    /// # thread::spawn(|| {
+    ///     # thread::spawn(|| {
-    ///     server::new(|| { vec![
+    ///     server::new(|| {
-    ///         App::with_state(State1)
+    ///         vec![
-    ///              .prefix("/app1")
+    ///             App::with_state(State1)
-    ///              .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///                 .prefix("/app1")
-    ///              .boxed(),
+    ///                 .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-    ///         App::with_state(State2)
+    ///                 .boxed(),
-    ///              .prefix("/app2")
+    ///             App::with_state(State2)
-    ///              .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///                 .prefix("/app2")
-    ///              .boxed() ]})
+    ///                 .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-    ///         .bind("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap()
+    ///                 .boxed(),
+    ///         ]
+    ///     }).bind("127.0.0.1:8080")
+    ///         .unwrap()
     ///         .run()
-    /// # });
+    ///     # });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn boxed(mut self) -> Box<HttpHandler> {
@@ -711,7 +740,8 @@ mod tests {
     use http::StatusCode;
     use httprequest::HttpRequest;
     use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
-    use test::TestRequest;
+    use pred;
+    use test::{TestRequest, TestServer};
 
     #[test]
     fn test_default_resource() {
@@ -910,4 +940,21 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = app.run(req);
         assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_filter() {
+        let mut srv = TestServer::with_factory(|| {
+            App::new()
+                .filter(pred::Get())
+                .handler("/test", |_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+        });
+
+        let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+        let request = srv.post().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+    }
 }

src/client/connector.rs

@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ use actix::actors::{Connect as ResolveConnect, Connector, ConnectorError};
 use actix::fut::WrapFuture;
 use actix::registry::ArbiterService;
 use actix::{
-    fut, Actor, ActorFuture, ActorResponse, Arbiter, AsyncContext, Context,
+    fut, Actor, ActorFuture, ActorResponse, Addr, Arbiter, AsyncContext, Context,
-    ContextFutureSpawner, Handler, Message, Recipient, Supervised, Syn,
+    ContextFutureSpawner, Handler, Message, Recipient, Supervised, Syn, Unsync,
 };
 
 use futures::task::{current as current_task, Task};
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ pub struct ClientConnector {
     pool: Rc<Pool>,
     pool_modified: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 
+    resolver: Addr<Unsync, Connector>,
     conn_lifetime: Duration,
     conn_keep_alive: Duration,
     limit: usize,
@@ -225,6 +226,7 @@ impl Default for ClientConnector {
                 pool: Rc::new(Pool::new(Rc::clone(&_modified))),
                 pool_modified: _modified,
                 connector: builder.build().unwrap(),
+                resolver: Connector::from_registry(),
                 conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(75),
                 conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(15),
                 limit: 100,
@@ -245,6 +247,7 @@ impl Default for ClientConnector {
             subscriber: None,
             pool: Rc::new(Pool::new(Rc::clone(&_modified))),
             pool_modified: _modified,
+            resolver: Connector::from_registry(),
             conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(75),
             conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(15),
             limit: 100,
@@ -277,9 +280,9 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     /// # use std::io::Write;
     /// extern crate openssl;
     /// use actix::prelude::*;
-    /// use actix_web::client::{Connect, ClientConnector};
+    /// use actix_web::client::{ClientConnector, Connect};
     ///
-    /// use openssl::ssl::{SslMethod, SslConnector};
+    /// use openssl::ssl::{SslConnector, SslMethod};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let sys = System::new("test");
@@ -312,6 +315,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
             subscriber: None,
             pool: Rc::new(Pool::new(Rc::clone(&modified))),
             pool_modified: modified,
+            resolver: Connector::from_registry(),
             conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(75),
             conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(15),
             limit: 100,
@@ -371,6 +375,12 @@ impl ClientConnector {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Use custom resolver actor
+    pub fn resolver(mut self, addr: Addr<Unsync, Connector>) -> Self {
+        self.resolver = addr;
+        self
+    }
+
     fn acquire(&mut self, key: &Key) -> Acquire {
         // check limits
         if self.limit > 0 {
@@ -705,7 +715,7 @@ impl Handler<Connect> for ClientConnector {
 
         {
             ActorResponse::async(
-                Connector::from_registry()
+                self.resolver
                     .send(
                         ResolveConnect::host_and_port(&conn.0.host, port)
                             .timeout(conn_timeout),
@@ -855,7 +865,7 @@ impl fut::ActorFuture for Maintenance {
                         let conn = AcquiredConn(key.clone(), Some(Rc::clone(&act.pool)));
 
                         fut::WrapFuture::<ClientConnector>::actfuture(
-                            Connector::from_registry().send(
+                            act.resolver.send(
                                 ResolveConnect::host_and_port(&conn.0.host, conn.0.port)
                                     .timeout(waiter.conn_timeout),
                             ),

src/client/pipeline.rs

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
             match self.timeout.as_mut().unwrap().poll() {
                 Ok(Async::Ready(())) => return Err(SendRequestError::Timeout),
                 Ok(Async::NotReady) => (),
-                Err(_) => unreachable!(),
+                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
             }
         }
         Ok(())

src/error.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! Error and Result module
-use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::io::Error as IoError;
 use std::str::Utf8Error;
 use std::string::FromUtf8Error;
-use std::{fmt, io, result};
+use std::sync::Mutex;
+use std::{fmt, io, mem, result};
 
 use actix::MailboxError;
 use cookie;
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@ pub use url::ParseError as UrlParseError;
 // re-exports
 pub use cookie::ParseError as CookieParseError;
 
+use body::Body;
 use handler::Responder;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
-use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
+use httpresponse::{HttpResponse, InnerHttpResponse};
 
 /// A specialized [`Result`](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/result/enum.Result.html)
 /// for actix web operations
@@ -33,21 +34,44 @@ use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 /// `Result`.
 pub type Result<T, E = Error> = result::Result<T, E>;
 
-/// General purpose actix web error
+/// General purpose actix web error.
+///
+/// An actix web error is used to carry errors from `failure` or `std::error`
+/// through actix in a convenient way.  It can be created through through
+/// converting errors with `into()`.
+///
+/// Whenever it is created from an external object a response error is created
+/// for it that can be used to create an http response from it this means that
+/// if you have access to an actix `Error` you can always get a
+/// `ResponseError` reference from it.
 pub struct Error {
     cause: Box<ResponseError>,
     backtrace: Option<Backtrace>,
 }
 
 impl Error {
-    /// Returns a reference to the underlying cause of this Error.
+    /// Deprecated way to reference the underlying response error.
-    // this should return &Fail but needs this https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/5665
+    #[deprecated(
+        since = "0.6.0", note = "please use `Error::as_response_error()` instead"
+    )]
     pub fn cause(&self) -> &ResponseError {
         self.cause.as_ref()
     }
 
+    /// Returns a reference to the underlying cause of this `Error` as `Fail`
+    pub fn as_fail(&self) -> &Fail {
+        self.cause.as_fail()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the reference to the underlying `ResponseError`.
+    pub fn as_response_error(&self) -> &ResponseError {
+        self.cause.as_ref()
+    }
+
     /// Returns a reference to the Backtrace carried by this error, if it
     /// carries one.
+    ///
+    /// This uses the same `Backtrace` type that `failure` uses.
     pub fn backtrace(&self) -> &Backtrace {
         if let Some(bt) = self.cause.backtrace() {
             bt
@@ -55,10 +79,65 @@ impl Error {
             self.backtrace.as_ref().unwrap()
         }
     }
+
+    /// Attempts to downcast this `Error` to a particular `Fail` type by
+    /// reference.
+    ///
+    /// If the underlying error is not of type `T`, this will return `None`.
+    pub fn downcast_ref<T: Fail>(&self) -> Option<&T> {
+        // in the most trivial way the cause is directly of the requested type.
+        if let Some(rv) = Fail::downcast_ref(self.cause.as_fail()) {
+            return Some(rv);
+        }
+
+        // in the more complex case the error has been constructed from a failure
+        // error.  This happens because we implement From<failure::Error> by
+        // calling compat() and then storing it here.  In failure this is
+        // represented by a failure::Error being wrapped in a failure::Compat.
+        //
+        // So we first downcast into that compat, to then further downcast through
+        // the failure's Error downcasting system into the original failure.
+        //
+        // This currently requires a transmute.  This could be avoided if failure
+        // provides a deref: https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/failure/pull/213
+        let compat: Option<&failure::Compat<failure::Error>> =
+            Fail::downcast_ref(self.cause.as_fail());
+        if let Some(compat) = compat {
+            pub struct CompatWrappedError {
+                error: failure::Error,
+            }
+            let compat: &CompatWrappedError = unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(compat) };
+            compat.error.downcast_ref()
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Helper trait to downcast a response error into a fail.
+///
+/// This is currently not exposed because it's unclear if this is the best way
+/// to achieve the downcasting on `Error` for which this is needed.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub trait InternalResponseErrorAsFail {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn as_fail(&self) -> &Fail;
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn as_mut_fail(&mut self) -> &mut Fail;
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+impl<T: ResponseError> InternalResponseErrorAsFail for T {
+    fn as_fail(&self) -> &Fail {
+        self
+    }
+    fn as_mut_fail(&mut self) -> &mut Fail {
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 /// Error that can be converted to `HttpResponse`
-pub trait ResponseError: Fail {
+pub trait ResponseError: Fail + InternalResponseErrorAsFail {
     /// Create response for error
     ///
     /// Internal server error is generated by default.
@@ -111,11 +190,9 @@ impl<T: ResponseError> From<T> for Error {
 }
 
 /// Compatibility for `failure::Error`
-impl<T> ResponseError for failure::Compat<T>
+impl<T> ResponseError for failure::Compat<T> where
-where
+    T: fmt::Display + fmt::Debug + Sync + Send + 'static
-    T: fmt::Display + fmt::Debug + Sync + Send + 'static,
+{}
-{
-}
 
 impl From<failure::Error> for Error {
     fn from(err: failure::Error) -> Error {
@@ -548,8 +625,8 @@ impl From<UrlParseError> for UrlGenerationError {
 /// use actix_web::fs::NamedFile;
 ///
 /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<fs::NamedFile> {
-///    let f = NamedFile::open("test.txt").map_err(error::ErrorBadRequest)?;
+///     let f = NamedFile::open("test.txt").map_err(error::ErrorBadRequest)?;
-///    Ok(f)
+///     Ok(f)
 /// }
 /// # fn main() {}
 /// ```
@@ -559,12 +636,9 @@ pub struct InternalError<T> {
     backtrace: Backtrace,
 }
 
-unsafe impl<T> Sync for InternalError<T> {}
-unsafe impl<T> Send for InternalError<T> {}
-
 enum InternalErrorType {
     Status(StatusCode),
-    Response(RefCell<Option<HttpResponse>>),
+    Response(Mutex<Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>>),
 }
 
 impl<T> InternalError<T> {
@@ -579,9 +653,21 @@ impl<T> InternalError<T> {
 
     /// Create `InternalError` with predefined `HttpResponse`.
     pub fn from_response(cause: T, response: HttpResponse) -> Self {
+        let mut resp = response.into_inner();
+        let body = mem::replace(&mut resp.body, Body::Empty);
+        match body {
+            Body::Empty => (),
+            Body::Binary(mut bin) => {
+                resp.body = Body::Binary(bin.take().into());
+            }
+            Body::Streaming(_) | Body::Actor(_) => {
+                error!("Streaming or Actor body is not support by error response");
+            }
+        }
+
         InternalError {
             cause,
-            status: InternalErrorType::Response(RefCell::new(Some(response))),
+            status: InternalErrorType::Response(Mutex::new(Some(resp))),
             backtrace: Backtrace::new(),
         }
     }
@@ -622,8 +708,8 @@ where
         match self.status {
             InternalErrorType::Status(st) => HttpResponse::new(st),
             InternalErrorType::Response(ref resp) => {
-                if let Some(resp) = resp.borrow_mut().take() {
+                if let Some(resp) = resp.lock().unwrap().take() {
-                    resp
+                    HttpResponse::from_inner(resp)
                 } else {
                     HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
                 }
@@ -833,7 +919,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_cause() {
+    fn test_as_fail() {
         let orig = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "other");
         let desc = orig.description().to_owned();
         let e = ParseError::Io(orig);
@@ -851,7 +937,7 @@ mod tests {
         let orig = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "other");
         let desc = orig.description().to_owned();
         let e = Error::from(orig);
-        assert_eq!(format!("{}", e.cause()), desc);
+        assert_eq!(format!("{}", e.as_fail()), desc);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -950,6 +1036,32 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_error_downcasting_direct() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Fail)]
+        #[fail(display = "demo error")]
+        struct DemoError;
+
+        impl ResponseError for DemoError {}
+
+        let err: Error = DemoError.into();
+        let err_ref: &DemoError = err.downcast_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(err_ref.to_string(), "demo error");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_error_downcasting_compat() {
+        #[derive(Debug, Fail)]
+        #[fail(display = "demo error")]
+        struct DemoError;
+
+        impl ResponseError for DemoError {}
+
+        let err: Error = failure::Error::from(DemoError).into();
+        let err_ref: &DemoError = err.downcast_ref().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(err_ref.to_string(), "demo error");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_error_helpers() {
         let r: HttpResponse = ErrorBadRequest("err").into();

src/fs.rs

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use mime_guess::{get_mime_type, guess_mime_type};
 use error::Error;
 use handler::{AsyncResult, Handler, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
 use header;
-use http::{HttpRange, Method, StatusCode};
+use http::{ContentEncoding, HttpRange, Method, StatusCode};
 use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ pub struct NamedFile {
     md: Metadata,
     modified: Option<SystemTime>,
     cpu_pool: Option<CpuPool>,
+    encoding: Option<ContentEncoding>,
     only_get: bool,
     status_code: StatusCode,
 }
@@ -58,12 +59,14 @@ impl NamedFile {
         let path = path.as_ref().to_path_buf();
         let modified = md.modified().ok();
         let cpu_pool = None;
+        let encoding = None;
         Ok(NamedFile {
             path,
             file,
             md,
             modified,
             cpu_pool,
+            encoding,
             only_get: false,
             status_code: StatusCode::OK,
         })
@@ -114,6 +117,13 @@ impl NamedFile {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Set content encoding for serving this file
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn set_content_encoding(mut self, enc: ContentEncoding) -> Self {
+        self.encoding = Some(enc);
+        self
+    }
+
     fn etag(&self) -> Option<header::EntityTag> {
         // This etag format is similar to Apache's.
         self.modified.as_ref().map(|mtime| {
@@ -219,6 +229,9 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
                     ),
                 );
             });
+            if let Some(current_encoding) = self.encoding {
+                resp.content_encoding(current_encoding);
+            }
             let reader = ChunkedReadFile {
                 size: self.md.len(),
                 offset: 0,
@@ -264,6 +277,9 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
         };
 
         let mut resp = HttpResponse::build(self.status_code);
+        if let Some(current_encoding) = self.encoding {
+            resp.content_encoding(current_encoding);
+        }
 
         resp.if_some(self.path().extension(), |ext, resp| {
             resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(&ext.to_string_lossy())));
@@ -289,30 +305,29 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
                 resp.set(header::ETag(etag));
             });
 
-        // TODO: Debug, enabling "accept-ranges: bytes" causes problems with
+        resp.header(header::ACCEPT_RANGES, "bytes");
-        // certain clients when not using the ranges header.
-        //resp.header(header::ACCEPT_RANGES, format!("bytes"));
 
         let mut length = self.md.len();
         let mut offset = 0;
 
-        // check for ranges header
+        // check for range header
         if let Some(ranges) = req.headers().get(header::RANGE) {
             if let Ok(rangesheader) = ranges.to_str() {
                 if let Ok(rangesvec) = HttpRange::parse(rangesheader, length) {
-                    length = rangesvec[0].length - 1;
+                    length = rangesvec[0].length;
                     offset = rangesvec[0].start;
+                    resp.content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Identity);
                     resp.header(
-                        header::RANGE,
+                        header::CONTENT_RANGE,
                         format!(
-                            "bytes={}-{}/{}",
+                            "bytes {}-{}/{}",
                             offset,
-                            offset + length,
+                            offset + length - 1,
                             self.md.len()
                         ),
                     );
                 } else {
-                    resp.header(header::RANGE, format!("*/{}", length));
+                    resp.header(header::CONTENT_RANGE, format!("bytes */{}", length));
                     return Ok(resp.status(StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE).finish());
                 };
             } else {
@@ -638,10 +653,6 @@ impl<S: 'static> Handler<S> for StaticFiles<S> {
                     // TODO: It'd be nice if there were a good usable URL manipulation
                     // library
                     let mut new_path: String = req.path().to_owned();
-                    for el in relpath.iter() {
-                        new_path.push_str(&el.to_string_lossy());
-                        new_path.push('/');
-                    }
                     if !new_path.ends_with('/') {
                         new_path.push('/');
                     }
@@ -778,6 +789,7 @@ mod tests {
             App::new().handler("test", StaticFiles::new(".").index_file("Cargo.toml"))
         });
 
+        // Valid range header
         let request = srv
             .get()
             .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/Cargo.toml"))
@@ -787,10 +799,21 @@ mod tests {
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT);
+
+        // Invalid range header
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/Cargo.toml"))
+            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=1-0")
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_named_file_ranges_headers() {
+    fn test_named_file_content_range_headers() {
         let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(|| {
             App::new().handler(
                 "test",
@@ -798,13 +821,64 @@ mod tests {
             )
         });
 
+        // Valid range header
         let request = srv
             .get()
             .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
             .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
             .finish()
             .unwrap();
+
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+        let contentrange = response
+            .headers()
+            .get(header::CONTENT_RANGE)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(contentrange, "bytes 10-20/100");
+
+        // Invalid range header
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
+            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-5")
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+        let contentrange = response
+            .headers()
+            .get(header::CONTENT_RANGE)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(contentrange, "bytes */100");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_named_file_content_length_headers() {
+        let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(|| {
+            App::new().handler(
+                "test",
+                StaticFiles::new(".").index_file("tests/test.binary"),
+            )
+        });
+
+        // Valid range header
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
+            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
         let contentlength = response
             .headers()
             .get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
@@ -812,23 +886,62 @@ mod tests {
             .to_str()
             .unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(contentlength, "10");
+        assert_eq!(contentlength, "11");
 
+        // Invalid range header
         let request = srv
             .get()
             .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
-            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-20")
+            .header(header::RANGE, "bytes=10-8")
             .finish()
             .unwrap();
+
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
-        let range = response
+
+        let contentlength = response
             .headers()
-            .get(header::RANGE)
+            .get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
             .unwrap()
             .to_str()
             .unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(range, "bytes=10-20/100");
+        assert_eq!(contentlength, "0");
+
+        // Without range header
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
+            .no_default_headers()
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+        let contentlength = response
+            .headers()
+            .get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(contentlength, "100");
+
+        // chunked
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/t%65st/tests/test.binary"))
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+        let te = response
+            .headers()
+            .get(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING)
+            .unwrap()
+            .to_str()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(te, "chunked");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -840,6 +953,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_named_file_content_encoding() {
+        let req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::GET).finish();
+        let file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();
+
+        assert!(file.encoding.is_none());
+        let resp = file
+            .set_content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Identity)
+            .respond_to(&req)
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(resp.content_encoding().is_some());
+        assert_eq!(resp.content_encoding().unwrap().as_str(), "identity");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_named_file_any_method() {
         let req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::POST).finish();
@@ -885,7 +1013,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_redirect_to_index() {
         let mut st = StaticFiles::new(".").index_file("index.html");
-        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
+        let mut req = TestRequest::default().uri("/tests").finish();
+
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
@@ -896,7 +1025,7 @@ mod tests {
             "/tests/index.html"
         );
 
-        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
+        let mut req = TestRequest::default().uri("/tests/").finish();
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests/");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
@@ -911,7 +1040,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_redirect_to_index_nested() {
         let mut st = StaticFiles::new(".").index_file("Cargo.toml");
-        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
+        let mut req = TestRequest::default().uri("/tools/wsload").finish();
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tools/wsload");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req).respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();

src/httpmessage.rs

@@ -148,7 +148,6 @@ pub trait HttpMessage {
     /// Returns error:
     ///
     /// * content type is not `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
-    /// * transfer encoding is `chunked`.
     /// * content-length is greater than 256k
     ///
     /// ## Server example
@@ -365,9 +364,7 @@ where
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         if let Some(req) = self.req.take() {
-            if req.chunked().unwrap_or(false) {
+            if let Some(len) = req.headers().get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
-                return Err(UrlencodedError::Chunked);
-            } else if let Some(len) = req.headers().get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
                 if let Ok(s) = len.to_str() {
                     if let Ok(len) = s.parse::<u64>() {
                         if len > 262_144 {
@@ -575,13 +572,6 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_urlencoded_error() {
-        let req =
-            TestRequest::with_header(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked").finish();
-        assert_eq!(
-            req.urlencoded::<Info>().poll().err().unwrap(),
-            UrlencodedError::Chunked
-        );
-
         let req = TestRequest::with_header(
             header::CONTENT_TYPE,
             "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",

src/httprequest.rs

@@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ impl HttpRequest<()> {
     pub fn with_state<S>(self, state: Rc<S>, router: Router) -> HttpRequest<S> {
         HttpRequest(self.0, Some(state), Some(router))
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn clone_with_state<S>(
+        &self, state: Rc<S>, router: Router,
+    ) -> HttpRequest<S> {
+        HttpRequest(self.0.clone(), Some(state), Some(router))
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S> HttpMessage for HttpRequest<S> {
@@ -325,6 +331,15 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Generate url for named resource
+    ///
+    /// This method is similar to `HttpRequest::url_for()` but it can be used
+    /// for urls that do not contain variable parts.
+    pub fn url_for_static(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Url, UrlGenerationError> {
+        const NO_PARAMS: [&str; 0] = [];
+        self.url_for(name, &NO_PARAMS)
+    }
+
     /// This method returns reference to current `Router` object.
     #[inline]
     pub fn router(&self) -> Option<&Router> {
@@ -695,20 +710,38 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes =
+        let routes = vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.html"), Some(resource))];
-            vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"), Some(resource))];
         let (router, _) = Router::new("/prefix/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.has_route("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!router.has_route("/prefix/user/test.html"));
 
         let req = req.with_state(Rc::new(()), router);
-        let url = req.url_for("index", &["test", "html"]);
+        let url = req.url_for("index", &["test"]);
         assert_eq!(
             url.ok().unwrap().as_str(),
             "http://www.rust-lang.org/prefix/user/test.html"
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_url_for_static() {
+        let req = TestRequest::with_header(header::HOST, "www.rust-lang.org").finish();
+
+        let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
+        resource.name("index");
+        let routes = vec![(Resource::new("index", "/index.html"), Some(resource))];
+        let (router, _) = Router::new("/prefix/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
+        assert!(router.has_route("/index.html"));
+        assert!(!router.has_route("/prefix/index.html"));
+
+        let req = req.with_state(Rc::new(()), router);
+        let url = req.url_for_static("index");
+        assert_eq!(
+            url.ok().unwrap().as_str(),
+            "http://www.rust-lang.org/prefix/index.html"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_url_for_external() {
         let req = HttpRequest::default();

src/httpresponse.rs

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     /// Constructs a error response
     #[inline]
     pub fn from_error(error: Error) -> HttpResponse {
-        let mut resp = error.cause().error_response();
+        let mut resp = error.as_response_error().error_response();
         resp.get_mut().error = Some(error);
         resp
     }
@@ -241,6 +241,14 @@ impl HttpResponse {
     pub fn set_write_buffer_capacity(&mut self, cap: usize) {
         self.get_mut().write_capacity = cap;
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_inner(mut self) -> Box<InnerHttpResponse> {
+        self.0.take().unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn from_inner(inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>) -> HttpResponse {
+        HttpResponse(Some(inner), HttpResponsePool::pool())
+    }
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for HttpResponse {
@@ -297,11 +305,13 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
-    /// use actix_web::{HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result, http};
+    /// use actix_web::{http, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
     ///
     /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse> {
     ///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
-    ///         .set(http::header::IfModifiedSince("Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT".parse()?))
+    ///         .set(http::header::IfModifiedSince(
+    ///             "Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT".parse()?,
+    ///         ))
     ///         .finish())
     /// }
     /// fn main() {}
@@ -455,7 +465,8 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     ///                 .path("/")
     ///                 .secure(true)
     ///                 .http_only(true)
-    ///                 .finish())
+    ///                 .finish(),
+    ///         )
     ///         .finish()
     /// }
     /// fn main() {}
@@ -781,12 +792,12 @@ impl<'a, S> From<&'a HttpRequest<S>> for HttpResponseBuilder {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
-struct InnerHttpResponse {
+pub(crate) struct InnerHttpResponse {
     version: Option<Version>,
     headers: HeaderMap,
     status: StatusCode,
     reason: Option<&'static str>,
-    body: Body,
+    pub(crate) body: Body,
     chunked: Option<bool>,
     encoding: Option<ContentEncoding>,
     connection_type: Option<ConnectionType>,
@@ -795,6 +806,9 @@ struct InnerHttpResponse {
     error: Option<Error>,
 }
 
+unsafe impl Sync for InnerHttpResponse {}
+unsafe impl Send for InnerHttpResponse {}
+
 impl InnerHttpResponse {
     #[inline]
     fn new(status: StatusCode, body: Body) -> InnerHttpResponse {

src/lib.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 //! # use std::thread;
 //!
 //! fn index(info: Path<(String, u32)>) -> String {
-//!    format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.0, info.1)
+//!     format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.0, info.1)
 //! }
 //!
 //! fn main() {
 //! # thread::spawn(|| {
-//!     server::new(
+//!     server::new(|| {
-//!         || App::new()
+//!         App::new().resource("/{name}/{id}/index.html", |r| r.with(index))
-//!             .resource("/{name}/{id}/index.html", |r| r.with(index)))
+//!     }).bind("127.0.0.1:8080")
-//!         .bind("127.0.0.1:8080").unwrap()
+//!         .unwrap()
 //!         .run();
 //! # });
 //! }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 //! Besides the API documentation (which you are currently looking
 //! at!), several other resources are available:
 //!
-//! * [User Guide](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/)
+//! * [User Guide](https://actix.rs/docs/)
 //! * [Chat on gitter](https://gitter.im/actix/actix)
 //! * [GitHub repository](https://github.com/actix/actix-web)
 //! * [Cargo package](https://crates.io/crates/actix-web)
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 //!
 #![cfg_attr(actix_nightly, feature(
     specialization, // for impl ErrorResponse for std::error::Error
+    extern_prelude,
 ))]
 #![cfg_attr(
     feature = "cargo-clippy",

src/middleware/cors.rs

@@ -19,16 +19,16 @@
 //!
 //! ```rust
 //! # extern crate actix_web;
-//! use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
 //! use actix_web::middleware::cors::Cors;
+//! use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
 //!
 //! fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> &'static str {
-//!    "Hello world"
+//!     "Hello world"
 //! }
 //!
 //! fn main() {
-//!     let app = App::new()
+//!     let app = App::new().configure(|app| {
-//!         .configure(|app| Cors::for_app(app) // <- Construct CORS middleware builder
+//!         Cors::for_app(app) // <- Construct CORS middleware builder
 //!             .allowed_origin("https://www.rust-lang.org/")
 //!             .allowed_methods(vec!["GET", "POST"])
 //!             .allowed_headers(vec![http::header::AUTHORIZATION, http::header::ACCEPT])
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
 //!                 r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
 //!                 r.method(http::Method::HEAD).f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
 //!             })
-//!             .register());
+//!             .register()
+//!     });
 //! }
 //! ```
 //! In this example custom *CORS* middleware get registered for "/index.html"
@@ -232,18 +233,20 @@ impl Cors {
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
-    /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
     /// use actix_web::middleware::cors::Cors;
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().configure(
-    ///         .configure(|app| Cors::for_app(app)   // <- Construct CORS builder
+    ///         |app| {
+    ///             Cors::for_app(app)   // <- Construct CORS builder
     ///             .allowed_origin("https://www.rust-lang.org/")
     ///             .resource("/resource", |r| {       // register resource
     ///                  r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
     ///             })
-    ///             .register()  // construct CORS and return application instance
+    ///             .register()
-    ///         );
+    ///         }, // construct CORS and return application instance
+    ///     );
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn for_app<S: 'static>(app: App<S>) -> CorsBuilder<S> {
@@ -420,7 +423,10 @@ impl<S> Middleware<S> for Cors {
                     .finish(),
             ))
         } else {
-            self.validate_origin(req)?;
+            // Only check requests with a origin header.
+            if req.headers().contains_key(header::ORIGIN) {
+                self.validate_origin(req)?;
+            }
 
             Ok(Started::Done)
         }
@@ -491,8 +497,8 @@ impl<S> Middleware<S> for Cors {
 /// ```rust
 /// # extern crate http;
 /// # extern crate actix_web;
-/// use http::header;
 /// use actix_web::middleware::cors;
+/// use http::header;
 ///
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let cors = cors::Cors::build()
@@ -764,12 +770,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> CorsBuilder<S> {
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
-    /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
     /// use actix_web::middleware::cors::Cors;
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().configure(
-    ///         .configure(|app| Cors::for_app(app)   // <- Construct CORS builder
+    ///         |app| {
+    ///             Cors::for_app(app)   // <- Construct CORS builder
     ///             .allowed_origin("https://www.rust-lang.org/")
     ///             .allowed_methods(vec!["GET", "POST"])
     ///             .allowed_header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
@@ -781,8 +788,9 @@ impl<S: 'static> CorsBuilder<S> {
     ///                  r.method(http::Method::HEAD)
     ///                      .f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
     ///             })
-    ///             .register()  // construct CORS and return application instance
+    ///             .register()
-    ///         );
+    ///         }, // construct CORS and return application instance
+    ///     );
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn resource<F, R>(&mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> &mut CorsBuilder<S>
@@ -1001,16 +1009,15 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(cors.start(&mut req).unwrap().is_done());
     }
 
-    #[test]
+    // #[test]
-    #[should_panic(expected = "MissingOrigin")]
+    // #[should_panic(expected = "MissingOrigin")]
-    fn test_validate_missing_origin() {
+    // fn test_validate_missing_origin() {
-        let cors = Cors::build()
+    //    let mut cors = Cors::build()
-            .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
+    //        .allowed_origin("https://www.example.com")
-            .finish();
+    //        .finish();
-
+    //    let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
-        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
+    //    cors.start(&mut req).unwrap();
-        cors.start(&mut req).unwrap();
+    // }
-    }
 
     #[test]
     #[should_panic(expected = "OriginNotAllowed")]
@@ -1127,10 +1134,19 @@ mod tests {
             })
         });
 
-        let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+        let request = srv
+            .get()
+            .uri(srv.url("/test"))
+            .header("ORIGIN", "https://www.example2.com")
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
         let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 
+        let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
         let request = srv
             .get()
             .uri(srv.url("/test"))

src/multipart.rs

@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ where
                     match payload.read_exact(boundary.len() + 4)? {
                         Async::NotReady => Ok(Async::NotReady),
                         Async::Ready(None) => Err(MultipartError::Incomplete),
-                        Async::Ready(Some(chunk)) => {
+                        Async::Ready(Some(mut chunk)) => {
                             if &chunk[..2] == b"\r\n"
                                 && &chunk[2..4] == b"--"
                                 && &chunk[4..] == boundary.as_bytes()
@@ -519,7 +519,10 @@ where
                                 payload.unread_data(chunk);
                                 Ok(Async::Ready(None))
                             } else {
-                                Ok(Async::Ready(Some(chunk)))
+                                // \r might be part of data stream
+                                let ch = chunk.split_to(1);
+                                payload.unread_data(chunk);
+                                Ok(Async::Ready(Some(ch)))
                             }
                         }
                     }

src/param.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,15 @@ impl<'a> Params<'a> {
         self.0.push((name, value));
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn remove(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        for idx in (0..self.0.len()).rev() {
+            if self.0[idx].0 == name {
+                self.0.remove(idx);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Check if there are any matched patterns
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.0.is_empty()

src/pipeline.rs

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
                             _s: PhantomData,
                         })
                     }
-                    Err(err) => return ProcessResponse::init(err.into()),
+                    Err(err) => return RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -294,13 +294,13 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
                                     continue 'outer;
                                 }
                                 Err(err) => {
-                                    return Some(ProcessResponse::init(err.into()))
+                                    return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()))
                                 }
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Err(err) => return Some(ProcessResponse::init(err.into())),
+                Err(err) => return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
             }
         }
     }

src/pred.rs

@@ -192,6 +192,45 @@ impl<S: 'static> Predicate<S> for HeaderPredicate<S> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Return predicate that matches if request contains specified Host name.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate actix_web;
+/// use actix_web::{pred, App, HttpResponse};
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///     App::new().resource("/index.html", |r| {
+///         r.route()
+///             .filter(pred::Host("www.rust-lang.org"))
+///             .f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed())
+///     });
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub fn Host<S: 'static, H: AsRef<str>>(host: H) -> HostPredicate<S> {
+    HostPredicate(host.as_ref().to_string(), None, PhantomData)
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub struct HostPredicate<S>(String, Option<String>, PhantomData<S>);
+
+impl<S> HostPredicate<S> {
+    /// Set reuest scheme to match
+    pub fn scheme<H: AsRef<str>>(&mut self, scheme: H) {
+        self.1 = Some(scheme.as_ref().to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S: 'static> Predicate<S> for HostPredicate<S> {
+    fn check(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> bool {
+        let info = req.connection_info();
+        if let Some(ref scheme) = self.1 {
+            self.0 == info.host() && scheme == info.scheme()
+        } else {
+            self.0 == info.host()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -224,6 +263,28 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!pred.check(&mut req));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_host() {
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::HOST,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static("www.rust-lang.org"),
+        );
+        let mut req = HttpRequest::new(
+            Method::GET,
+            Uri::from_str("/").unwrap(),
+            Version::HTTP_11,
+            headers,
+            None,
+        );
+
+        let pred = Host("www.rust-lang.org");
+        assert!(pred.check(&mut req));
+
+        let pred = Host("localhost");
+        assert!(!pred.check(&mut req));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_methods() {
         let mut req = HttpRequest::new(

src/route.rs

@@ -66,13 +66,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
     /// # use actix_web::*;
     /// # fn main() {
-    /// App::new()
+    /// App::new().resource("/path", |r| {
-    ///    .resource("/path", |r|
+    ///     r.route()
-    ///       r.route()
+    ///         .filter(pred::Get())
-    ///          .filter(pred::Get())
+    ///         .filter(pred::Header("content-type", "text/plain"))
-    ///          .filter(pred::Header("content-type", "text/plain"))
+    ///         .f(|req| HttpResponse::Ok())
-    ///          .f(|req| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    /// })
-    ///       )
     /// #      .finish();
     /// # }
     /// ```
@@ -115,7 +114,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
     /// # extern crate futures;
     /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
-    /// use actix_web::{App, Path, Result, http};
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Path, Result};
     ///
     /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
     /// struct Info {
@@ -129,8 +128,9 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new().resource(
-    ///        "/{username}/index.html",                     // <- define path parameters
+    ///         "/{username}/index.html", // <- define path parameters
-    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
+    ///         |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index),
+    ///     ); // <- use `with` extractor
     /// }
     /// ```
     ///
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// # extern crate futures;
     /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
     /// # use std::collections::HashMap;
-    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Query, Path, Result, Json};
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Json, Path, Query, Result};
     ///
     /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
     /// struct Info {
@@ -151,14 +151,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// /// extract path info using serde
-    /// fn index(info: (Path<Info>, Query<HashMap<String, String>>, Json<Info>)) -> Result<String> {
+    /// fn index(
+    ///     info: (Path<Info>, Query<HashMap<String, String>>, Json<Info>),
+    /// ) -> Result<String> {
     ///     Ok(format!("Welcome {}!", info.0.username))
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new().resource(
-    ///        "/{username}/index.html",                     // <- define path parameters
+    ///         "/{username}/index.html", // <- define path parameters
-    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
+    ///         |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index),
+    ///     ); // <- use `with` extractor
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with<T, F, R>(&mut self, handler: F) -> ExtractorConfig<S, T>
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
     /// # extern crate futures;
     /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
-    /// use actix_web::{App, Path, Error, http};
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Error, Path};
     /// use futures::Future;
     ///
     /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -190,15 +193,15 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// /// extract path info using serde
-    /// fn index(info: Path<Info>) -> Box<Future<Item=&'static str, Error=Error>> {
+    /// fn index(info: Path<Info>) -> Box<Future<Item = &'static str, Error = Error>> {
     ///     unimplemented!()
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new().resource(
-    ///        "/{username}/index.html",           // <- define path parameters
+    ///         "/{username}/index.html", // <- define path parameters
-    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET)
+    ///         |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with_async(index),
-    ///               .with_async(index));         // <- use `with` extractor
+    ///     ); // <- use `with` extractor
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with_async<T, F, R, I, E>(&mut self, handler: F) -> ExtractorConfig<S, T>
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
     /// # extern crate futures;
     /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
-    /// use actix_web::{App, Query, Path, Result, http};
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Path, Query, Result};
     ///
     /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
     /// struct PParam {
@@ -241,8 +244,9 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new().resource(
-    ///        "/{username}/index.html",                      // <- define path parameters
+    ///         "/{username}/index.html", // <- define path parameters
-    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with2(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
+    ///         |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with2(index),
+    ///     ); // <- use `with` extractor
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with2<T1, T2, F, R>(
@@ -424,7 +428,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                             _s: PhantomData,
                         })
                     }
-                    Err(err) => return FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
+                    Err(err) => return RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -455,16 +459,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                                     continue 'outer;
                                 }
                                 Err(err) => {
-                                    return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
+                                    return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()))
-                                        info,
-                                        err.into(),
-                                    ))
                                 }
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Err(err) => return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
+                Err(err) => return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
             }
         }
     }

src/router.rs

@@ -311,8 +311,16 @@ impl Resource {
                     None
                 }
             }
-            PatternType::Prefix(ref s) => if path.starts_with(s) {
+            PatternType::Prefix(ref s) => if path == s {
                 Some(s.len())
+            } else if path.starts_with(s)
+                && (s.ends_with('/') || path.split_at(s.len()).1.starts_with('/'))
+            {
+                if s.ends_with('/') {
+                    Some(s.len() - 1)
+                } else {
+                    Some(s.len())
+                }
             } else {
                 None
             },
@@ -327,22 +335,41 @@ impl Resource {
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
         I: AsRef<str>,
     {
-        let mut iter = elements.into_iter();
+        let mut path = match self.tp {
-        let mut path = if self.rtp != ResourceType::External {
+            PatternType::Prefix(ref p) => p.to_owned(),
-            format!("{}/", router.prefix())
+            PatternType::Static(ref p) => p.to_owned(),
-        } else {
+            PatternType::Dynamic(..) => {
-            String::new()
+                let mut path = String::new();
-        };
+                let mut iter = elements.into_iter();
-        for el in &self.elements {
+                for el in &self.elements {
-            match *el {
+                    match *el {
-                PatternElement::Str(ref s) => path.push_str(s),
+                        PatternElement::Str(ref s) => path.push_str(s),
-                PatternElement::Var(_) => {
+                        PatternElement::Var(_) => {
-                    if let Some(val) = iter.next() {
+                            if let Some(val) = iter.next() {
-                        path.push_str(val.as_ref())
+                                path.push_str(val.as_ref())
-                    } else {
+                            } else {
-                        return Err(UrlGenerationError::NotEnoughElements);
+                                return Err(UrlGenerationError::NotEnoughElements);
+                            }
+                        }
                     }
                 }
+                path
+            }
+        };
+
+        if self.rtp != ResourceType::External {
+            let prefix = router.prefix();
+            if prefix.ends_with('/') {
+                if path.starts_with('/') {
+                    path.insert_str(0, &prefix[..prefix.len() - 1]);
+                } else {
+                    path.insert_str(0, prefix);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if !path.starts_with('/') {
+                    path.insert(0, '/');
+                }
+                path.insert_str(0, prefix);
             }
         }
         Ok(path)
@@ -407,6 +434,10 @@ impl Resource {
             }
         }
 
+        if !el.is_empty() {
+            elems.push(PatternElement::Str(el.clone()));
+        }
+
         let re = if is_dynamic {
             if !for_prefix {
                 re1.push('$');
@@ -439,7 +470,7 @@ mod tests {
     use test::TestRequest;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_recognizer() {
+    fn test_recognizer10() {
         let routes = vec![
             (Resource::new("", "/name"), Some(ResourceHandler::default())),
             (
@@ -462,6 +493,10 @@ mod tests {
                 Resource::new("", "/v/{tail:.*}"),
                 Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
             ),
+            (
+                Resource::new("", "/test2/{test}.html"),
+                Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
+            ),
             (
                 Resource::new("", "{test}/index.html"),
                 Some(ResourceHandler::default()),
@@ -499,8 +534,12 @@ mod tests {
             "blah-blah/index.html"
         );
 
-        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bbb/index.html").finish();
+        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/index.html").finish();
         assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(6));
+        assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("test").unwrap(), "index");
+
+        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/bbb/index.html").finish();
+        assert_eq!(rec.recognize(&mut req), Some(7));
         assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("test").unwrap(), "bbb");
     }
 

src/scope.rs

@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@ type NestedInfo<S> = (Resource, Route<S>, Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>);
 /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
 ///
 /// fn main() {
-///     let app = App::new()
+///     let app = App::new().scope("/{project_id}/", |scope| {
-///         .scope("/{project_id}/", |scope| {
+///         scope
-///              scope.resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+///             .resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-///                .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+///             .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-///                .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
+///             .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
-///         });
+///     });
 /// }
 /// ```
 ///
@@ -89,13 +89,14 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().scope("/app", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/app", |scope| {
+    ///         scope
-    ///             scope.filter(pred::Header("content-type", "text/plain"))
+    ///             .filter(pred::Header("content-type", "text/plain"))
-    ///                .route("/test1", http::Method::GET, index)
+    ///             .route("/test1", http::Method::GET, index)
-    ///                .route("/test2", http::Method::POST,
+    ///             .route("/test2", http::Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| {
-    ///                    |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed())
+    ///                 HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()
-    ///         });
+    ///             })
+    ///     });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn filter<T: Predicate<S> + 'static>(mut self, p: T) -> Self {
@@ -116,12 +117,11 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().scope("/app", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/app", |scope| {
+    ///         scope.with_state("/state2", AppState, |scope| {
-    ///             scope.with_state("/state2", AppState, |scope| {
+    ///             scope.resource("/test1", |r| r.f(index))
-    ///                scope.resource("/test1", |r| r.f(index))
+    ///         })
-    ///             })
+    ///     });
-    ///         });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with_state<F, T: 'static>(mut self, path: &str, state: T, f: F) -> Scope<S>
@@ -137,14 +137,6 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         };
         let mut scope = f(scope);
 
-        let mut path = path.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
-        if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
-            path.insert(0, '/')
-        }
-        if !path.ends_with('/') {
-            path.push('/');
-        }
-
         let state = Rc::new(state);
         let filters: Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>> = vec![Box::new(FiltersWrapper {
             state: Rc::clone(&state),
@@ -170,12 +162,9 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::with_state(AppState)
+    ///     let app = App::with_state(AppState).scope("/app", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/app", |scope| {
+    ///         scope.nested("/v1", |scope| scope.resource("/test1", |r| r.f(index)))
-    ///             scope.nested("/v1", |scope| {
+    ///     });
-    ///                scope.resource("/test1", |r| r.f(index))
-    ///             })
-    ///         });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn nested<F>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> Scope<S>
@@ -191,14 +180,6 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         };
         let mut scope = f(scope);
 
-        let mut path = path.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
-        if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
-            path.insert(0, '/')
-        }
-        if !path.ends_with('/') {
-            path.push('/');
-        }
-
         let filters = scope.take_filters();
         self.nested.push((
             Resource::prefix("", &path),
@@ -227,12 +208,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
     /// }
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().scope("/app", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/app", |scope| {
+    ///         scope.route("/test1", http::Method::GET, index).route(
-    ///             scope.route("/test1", http::Method::GET, index)
+    ///             "/test2",
-    ///                .route("/test2", http::Method::POST,
+    ///             http::Method::POST,
-    ///                    |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed())
+    ///             |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed(),
-    ///         });
+    ///         )
+    ///     });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn route<T, F, R>(mut self, path: &str, method: Method, f: F) -> Scope<S>
@@ -253,7 +235,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
 
         let mut handler = ResourceHandler::default();
         handler.method(method).with(f);
-        let pattern = Resource::new(handler.get_name(), path);
+        let pattern = Resource::with_prefix(
+            handler.get_name(),
+            path,
+            if path.is_empty() { "" } else { "/" },
+            false,
+        );
         Rc::get_mut(&mut self.resources)
             .expect("Can not use after configuration")
             .push((pattern, Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(handler))));
@@ -272,17 +259,16 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
     /// use actix_web::*;
     ///
     /// fn main() {
-    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///     let app = App::new().scope("/api", |scope| {
-    ///         .scope("/api", |scope| {
+    ///         scope.resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
-    ///             scope.resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
+    ///             r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
-    ///                 r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+    ///             r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
-    ///                 r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
+    ///             r.route()
-    ///                 r.route()
+    ///                 .filter(pred::Any(pred::Get()).or(pred::Put()))
-    ///                    .filter(pred::Any(pred::Get()).or(pred::Put()))
+    ///                 .filter(pred::Header("Content-Type", "text/plain"))
-    ///                    .filter(pred::Header("Content-Type", "text/plain"))
+    ///                 .f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-    ///                    .f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    ///         })
-    ///             })
+    ///     });
-    ///         });
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn resource<F, R>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> Scope<S>
@@ -293,7 +279,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
         let mut handler = ResourceHandler::default();
         f(&mut handler);
 
-        let pattern = Resource::new(handler.get_name(), path);
+        let pattern = Resource::with_prefix(
+            handler.get_name(),
+            path,
+            if path.is_empty() { "" } else { "/" },
+            false,
+        );
         Rc::get_mut(&mut self.resources)
             .expect("Can not use after configuration")
             .push((pattern, Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(handler))));
@@ -329,13 +320,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> Scope<S> {
 impl<S: 'static> RouteHandler<S> for Scope<S> {
     fn handle(&mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         let path = unsafe { &*(&req.match_info()["tail"] as *const _) };
-        let path = if path == "" { "/" } else { path };
 
         // recognize resources
         for &(ref pattern, ref resource) in self.resources.iter() {
             if pattern.match_with_params(path, req.match_info_mut()) {
                 let default = unsafe { &mut *self.default.as_ref().get() };
 
+                req.match_info_mut().remove("tail");
                 if self.middlewares.is_empty() {
                     let resource = unsafe { &mut *resource.get() };
                     return resource.handle(req, Some(default));
@@ -363,16 +354,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> RouteHandler<S> for Scope<S> {
                         continue 'outer;
                     }
                 }
-                let prefix_len = len + prefix_len - 1;
+                let prefix_len = len + prefix_len;
                 let path: &'static str =
                     unsafe { &*(&req.path()[prefix_len..] as *const _) };
 
                 req.set_prefix_len(prefix_len as u16);
-                if path.is_empty() {
+                req.match_info_mut().set("tail", path);
-                    req.match_info_mut().set("tail", "/");
-                } else {
-                    req.match_info_mut().set("tail", path);
-                }
 
                 let hnd: &mut RouteHandler<_> =
                     unsafe { (&mut *(handler.get())).as_mut() };
@@ -528,7 +515,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                             _s: PhantomData,
                         })
                     }
-                    Err(err) => return Response::init(err.into()),
+                    Err(err) => return RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -564,12 +551,14 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                                     self.fut = Some(fut);
                                     continue 'outer;
                                 }
-                                Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()))
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                Err(err) => return Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -783,6 +772,59 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_root() {
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app", |scope| {
+                scope
+                    .resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                    .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Created()))
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_root2() {
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app/", |scope| {
+                scope.resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_root3() {
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app/", |scope| {
+                scope.resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_scope_route() {
         let mut app = App::new()
@@ -884,6 +926,71 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_with_state_root() {
+        struct State;
+
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app", |scope| {
+                scope.with_state("/t1", State, |scope| {
+                    scope
+                        .resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                        .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Created()))
+                })
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_with_state_root2() {
+        struct State;
+
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app", |scope| {
+                scope.with_state("/t1/", State, |scope| {
+                    scope.resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                })
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_scope_with_state_root3() {
+        struct State;
+
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app", |scope| {
+                scope.with_state("/t1/", State, |scope| {
+                    scope.resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                })
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_scope_with_state_filter() {
         struct State;
@@ -926,6 +1033,27 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nested_scope_root() {
+        let mut app = App::new()
+            .scope("/app", |scope| {
+                scope.nested("/t1", |scope| {
+                    scope
+                        .resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                        .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Created()))
+                })
+            })
+            .finish();
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+
+        let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/t1/").finish();
+        let resp = app.run(req);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_nested_scope_filter() {
         let mut app = App::new()

src/server/encoding.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub(crate) enum PayloadType {
 }
 
 impl PayloadType {
+    #[cfg(any(feature = "brotli", feature = "flate2"))]
     pub fn new(headers: &HeaderMap, sender: PayloadSender) -> PayloadType {
         // check content-encoding
         let enc = if let Some(enc) = headers.get(CONTENT_ENCODING) {
@@ -52,6 +53,11 @@ impl PayloadType {
             _ => PayloadType::Encoding(Box::new(EncodedPayload::new(sender, enc))),
         }
     }
+
+    #[cfg(not(any(feature = "brotli", feature = "flate2")))]
+    pub fn new(headers: &HeaderMap, sender: PayloadSender) -> PayloadType {
+        PayloadType::Sender(sender)
+    }
 }
 
 impl PayloadWriter for PayloadType {
@@ -399,6 +405,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
 
         // Enable content encoding only if response does not contain Content-Encoding
         // header
+        #[cfg(any(feature = "brotli", feature = "flate2"))]
         let mut encoding = if has_body {
             let encoding = match response_encoding {
                 ContentEncoding::Auto => {
@@ -425,6 +432,8 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
         } else {
             ContentEncoding::Identity
         };
+        #[cfg(not(any(feature = "brotli", feature = "flate2")))]
+        let mut encoding = ContentEncoding::Identity;
 
         #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(match_ref_pats))]
         let mut transfer = match resp.body() {
@@ -435,40 +444,42 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 TransferEncoding::length(0, buf)
             }
             &Body::Binary(_) => {
-                if !(encoding == ContentEncoding::Identity
+                #[cfg(any(feature = "brotli", feature = "flate2"))]
-                    || encoding == ContentEncoding::Auto)
                 {
-                    let tmp = SharedBytes::default();
+                    if !(encoding == ContentEncoding::Identity
-                    let transfer = TransferEncoding::eof(tmp.clone());
+                        || encoding == ContentEncoding::Auto)
-                    let mut enc = match encoding {
+                    {
-                        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
+                        let tmp = SharedBytes::default();
-                        ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(
+                        let transfer = TransferEncoding::eof(tmp.clone());
-                            DeflateEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::fast()),
+                        let mut enc = match encoding {
-                        ),
+                            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
-                        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
+                            ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(
-                        ContentEncoding::Gzip => ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(
+                                DeflateEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::fast()),
-                            transfer,
+                            ),
-                            Compression::fast(),
+                            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
-                        )),
+                            ContentEncoding::Gzip => ContentEncoder::Gzip(
-                        #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
+                                GzEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::fast()),
-                        ContentEncoding::Br => {
+                            ),
-                            ContentEncoder::Br(BrotliEncoder::new(transfer, 3))
+                            #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
-                        }
+                            ContentEncoding::Br => {
-                        ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => {
+                                ContentEncoder::Br(BrotliEncoder::new(transfer, 3))
-                            unreachable!()
+                            }
-                        }
+                            ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => {
-                    };
+                                unreachable!()
+                            }
+                        };
 
-                    let bin = resp.replace_body(Body::Empty).binary();
+                        let bin = resp.replace_body(Body::Empty).binary();
 
-                    // TODO return error!
+                        // TODO return error!
-                    let _ = enc.write(bin);
+                        let _ = enc.write(bin);
-                    let _ = enc.write_eof();
+                        let _ = enc.write_eof();
-                    let body = tmp.take();
+                        let body = tmp.take();
-                    len = body.len();
+                        len = body.len();
 
-                    encoding = ContentEncoding::Identity;
+                        encoding = ContentEncoding::Identity;
-                    resp.replace_body(Binary::from(body));
+                        resp.replace_body(Binary::from(body));
+                    }
                 }
 
                 if is_head {
@@ -494,6 +505,11 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     }
                     TransferEncoding::eof(buf)
                 } else {
+                    if !(encoding == ContentEncoding::Identity
+                        || encoding == ContentEncoding::Auto)
+                    {
+                        resp.headers_mut().remove(CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                    }
                     ContentEncoder::streaming_encoding(buf, version, resp)
                 }
             }

src/server/h1.rs

@@ -270,7 +270,12 @@ where
                     debug!("Error sending data: {}", err);
                     return Err(());
                 }
-                _ => (),
+                Ok(Async::Ready(_)) => {
+                    // non consumed payload in that case close connection
+                    if self.payload.is_some() && self.tasks.is_empty() {
+                        return Ok(Async::Ready(false));
+                    }
+                }
             }
         }
 

src/server/h1writer.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(redundant_field_names))]
 
-use bytes::BufMut;
+use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use futures::{Async, Poll};
 use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> H1Writer<T, H> {
         stream: T, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     ) -> H1Writer<T, H> {
         H1Writer {
-            flags: Flags::empty(),
+            flags: Flags::KEEPALIVE,
             encoder: ContentEncoder::empty(buf.clone()),
             written: 0,
             headers_size: 0,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> H1Writer<T, H> {
 
     pub fn reset(&mut self) {
         self.written = 0;
-        self.flags = Flags::empty();
+        self.flags = Flags::KEEPALIVE;
     }
 
     pub fn disconnected(&mut self) {
@@ -100,6 +100,16 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
         self.written
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_date(&self, dst: &mut BytesMut) {
+        self.settings.set_date(dst)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn buffer(&self) -> &mut BytesMut {
+        self.buffer.get_mut()
+    }
+
     fn start(
         &mut self, req: &mut HttpInnerMessage, msg: &mut HttpResponse,
         encoding: ContentEncoding,
@@ -108,9 +118,9 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
         self.encoder =
             ContentEncoder::for_server(self.buffer.clone(), req, msg, encoding);
         if msg.keep_alive().unwrap_or_else(|| req.keep_alive()) {
-            self.flags.insert(Flags::STARTED | Flags::KEEPALIVE);
+            self.flags = Flags::STARTED | Flags::KEEPALIVE;
         } else {
-            self.flags.insert(Flags::STARTED);
+            self.flags = Flags::STARTED;
         }
 
         // Connection upgrade

src/server/h2.rs

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ where
             flags: Flags::empty(),
             tasks: VecDeque::new(),
             state: State::Handshake(server::handshake(IoWrapper {
-                unread: Some(buf),
+                unread: if buf.is_empty() { None } else { Some(buf) },
                 inner: io,
             })),
             keepalive_timer: None,

src/server/h2writer.rs

@@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
         self.written
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn set_date(&self, dst: &mut BytesMut) {
+        self.settings.set_date(dst)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn buffer(&self) -> &mut BytesMut {
+        self.buffer.get_mut()
+    }
+
     fn start(
         &mut self, req: &mut HttpInnerMessage, msg: &mut HttpResponse,
         encoding: ContentEncoding,
@@ -79,9 +89,6 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
         self.flags.insert(Flags::STARTED);
         self.encoder =
             ContentEncoder::for_server(self.buffer.clone(), req, msg, encoding);
-        if let Body::Empty = *msg.body() {
-            self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
-        }
 
         // http2 specific
         msg.headers_mut().remove(CONNECTION);
@@ -98,15 +105,22 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
         let body = msg.replace_body(Body::Empty);
         match body {
             Body::Binary(ref bytes) => {
-                let mut val = BytesMut::new();
+                if bytes.is_empty() {
-                helpers::convert_usize(bytes.len(), &mut val);
+                    msg.headers_mut()
-                let l = val.len();
+                        .insert(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("0"));
-                msg.headers_mut().insert(
+                    self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
-                    CONTENT_LENGTH,
+                } else {
-                    HeaderValue::try_from(val.split_to(l - 2).freeze()).unwrap(),
+                    let mut val = BytesMut::new();
-                );
+                    helpers::convert_usize(bytes.len(), &mut val);
+                    let l = val.len();
+                    msg.headers_mut().insert(
+                        CONTENT_LENGTH,
+                        HeaderValue::try_from(val.split_to(l - 2).freeze()).unwrap(),
+                    );
+                }
             }
             Body::Empty => {
+                self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
                 msg.headers_mut()
                     .insert(CONTENT_LENGTH, HeaderValue::from_static("0"));
             }
@@ -131,14 +145,18 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
         trace!("Response: {:?}", msg);
 
         if let Body::Binary(bytes) = body {
-            self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
+            if bytes.is_empty() {
-            self.written = bytes.len() as u64;
+                Ok(WriterState::Done)
-            self.encoder.write(bytes)?;
+            } else {
-            if let Some(ref mut stream) = self.stream {
+                self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
-                self.flags.insert(Flags::RESERVED);
+                self.written = bytes.len() as u64;
-                stream.reserve_capacity(cmp::min(self.buffer.len(), CHUNK_SIZE));
+                self.encoder.write(bytes)?;
+                if let Some(ref mut stream) = self.stream {
+                    self.flags.insert(Flags::RESERVED);
+                    stream.reserve_capacity(cmp::min(self.buffer.len(), CHUNK_SIZE));
+                }
+                Ok(WriterState::Pause)
             }
-            Ok(WriterState::Pause)
         } else {
             msg.replace_body(body);
             self.buffer_capacity = msg.write_buffer_capacity();
@@ -167,10 +185,8 @@ impl<H: 'static> Writer for H2Writer<H> {
     }
 
     fn write_eof(&mut self) -> io::Result<WriterState> {
-        self.encoder.write_eof()?;
-
         self.flags.insert(Flags::EOF);
-        if !self.encoder.is_eof() {
+        if !self.encoder.write_eof()? {
             Err(io::Error::new(
                 io::ErrorKind::Other,
                 "Last payload item, but eof is not reached",

src/server/helpers.rs

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ pub(crate) fn write_status_line(version: Version, mut n: u16, bytes: &mut BytesM
 }
 
 /// NOTE: bytes object has to contain enough space
-pub(crate) fn write_content_length(mut n: usize, bytes: &mut BytesMut) {
+pub fn write_content_length(mut n: usize, bytes: &mut BytesMut) {
     if n < 10 {
         let mut buf: [u8; 21] = [
             b'\r', b'\n', b'c', b'o', b'n', b't', b'e', b'n', b't', b'-', b'l', b'e',

src/server/mod.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ use std::net::Shutdown;
 use std::{io, time};
 
 use actix;
-use futures::Poll;
+use bytes::BytesMut;
+use futures::{Async, Poll};
 use tokio_core::net::TcpStream;
 use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
@@ -24,6 +25,9 @@ mod worker;
 pub use self::settings::ServerSettings;
 pub use self::srv::HttpServer;
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub use self::helpers::write_content_length;
+
 use body::Binary;
 use error::Error;
 use header::ContentEncoding;
@@ -132,13 +136,15 @@ impl HttpHandler for Box<HttpHandler> {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub trait HttpHandlerTask {
     /// Poll task, this method is used before or after *io* object is available
-    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error>;
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> {
+        Ok(Async::Ready(()))
+    }
 
     /// Poll task when *io* object is available
     fn poll_io(&mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Poll<bool, Error>;
 
     /// Connection is disconnected
-    fn disconnected(&mut self);
+    fn disconnected(&mut self) {}
 }
 
 /// Conversion helper trait
@@ -168,8 +174,16 @@ pub enum WriterState {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 /// Stream writer
 pub trait Writer {
+    /// number of bytes written to the stream
     fn written(&self) -> u64;
 
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn set_date(&self, st: &mut BytesMut);
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref))]
+    fn buffer(&self) -> &mut BytesMut;
+
     fn start(
         &mut self, req: &mut HttpInnerMessage, resp: &mut HttpResponse,
         encoding: ContentEncoding,

src/server/srv.rs

@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ where
 
     /// The socket address to bind
     ///
-    /// To mind multiple addresses this method can be call multiple times.
+    /// To bind multiple addresses this method can be called multiple times.
     pub fn bind<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(mut self, addr: S) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let sockets = self.bind2(addr)?;
         self.sockets.extend(sockets);
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ where
     #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
     /// The ssl socket address to bind
     ///
-    /// To mind multiple addresses this method can be call multiple times.
+    /// To bind multiple addresses this method can be called multiple times.
     pub fn bind_tls<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(
         mut self, addr: S, acceptor: TlsAcceptor,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
@@ -450,7 +450,6 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
                 self.accept.push(start_accept_thread(
                     token,
                     sock,
-                    self.backlog,
                     tx.clone(),
                     socks.clone(),
                     workers.clone(),
@@ -782,7 +781,7 @@ enum Command {
 }
 
 fn start_accept_thread(
-    token: usize, sock: Socket, backlog: i32, srv: mpsc::UnboundedSender<ServerCommand>,
+    token: usize, sock: Socket, srv: mpsc::UnboundedSender<ServerCommand>,
     socks: Slab<SocketInfo>,
     mut workers: Vec<(usize, mpsc::UnboundedSender<Conn<net::TcpStream>>)>,
 ) -> (mio::SetReadiness, sync_mpsc::Sender<Command>) {
@@ -892,8 +891,8 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
                         },
                         CMD => match rx.try_recv() {
                             Ok(cmd) => match cmd {
-                                Command::Pause => if let Some(server) = server.take() {
+                                Command::Pause => if let Some(ref server) = server {
-                                    if let Err(err) = poll.deregister(&server) {
+                                    if let Err(err) = poll.deregister(server) {
                                         error!(
                                             "Can not deregister server socket {}",
                                             err
@@ -906,15 +905,6 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
                                     }
                                 },
                                 Command::Resume => {
-                                    let lst = create_tcp_listener(addr, backlog)
-                                        .expect("Can not create net::TcpListener");
-
-                                    server = Some(
-                                        mio::net::TcpListener::from_std(lst).expect(
-                                            "Can not create mio::net::TcpListener",
-                                        ),
-                                    );
-
                                     if let Some(ref server) = server {
                                         if let Err(err) = poll.register(
                                             server,

src/server/worker.rs

@@ -239,9 +239,9 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
         match *self {
             StreamHandlerType::Normal => "http",
             #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
-            StreamHandlerType::Tls(ref acceptor) => "https",
+            StreamHandlerType::Tls(_) => "https",
             #[cfg(feature = "alpn")]
-            StreamHandlerType::Alpn(ref acceptor) => "https",
+            StreamHandlerType::Alpn(_) => "https",
         }
     }
 }

src/test.rs

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ impl TestServer {
 
     /// Create `POST` request
     pub fn post(&self) -> ClientRequestBuilder {
-        ClientRequest::get(self.url("/").as_str())
+        ClientRequest::post(self.url("/").as_str())
     }
 
     /// Create `HEAD` request

src/ws/client.rs

@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ pub struct Client {
     protocols: Option<String>,
     conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>,
     max_size: usize,
+    no_masking: bool,
 }
 
 impl Client {
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ impl Client {
             origin: None,
             protocols: None,
             max_size: 65_536,
+            no_masking: false,
             conn,
         };
         cl.request.uri(uri.as_ref());
@@ -186,6 +188,12 @@ impl Client {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Disable payload masking. By default ws client masks frame payload.
+    pub fn no_masking(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.no_masking = true;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Set request header
     pub fn header<K, V>(mut self, key: K, value: V) -> Self
     where
@@ -248,7 +256,7 @@ impl Client {
             }
 
             // start handshake
-            ClientHandshake::new(request, self.max_size)
+            ClientHandshake::new(request, self.max_size, self.no_masking)
         }
     }
 }
@@ -269,10 +277,13 @@ pub struct ClientHandshake {
     key: String,
     error: Option<ClientError>,
     max_size: usize,
+    no_masking: bool,
 }
 
 impl ClientHandshake {
-    fn new(mut request: ClientRequest, max_size: usize) -> ClientHandshake {
+    fn new(
+        mut request: ClientRequest, max_size: usize, no_masking: bool,
+    ) -> ClientHandshake {
         // Generate a random key for the `Sec-WebSocket-Key` header.
         // a base64-encoded (see Section 4 of [RFC4648]) value that,
         // when decoded, is 16 bytes in length (RFC 6455)
@@ -292,6 +303,7 @@ impl ClientHandshake {
         ClientHandshake {
             key,
             max_size,
+            no_masking,
             request: Some(request.send()),
             tx: Some(tx),
             error: None,
@@ -305,6 +317,7 @@ impl ClientHandshake {
             tx: None,
             error: Some(err),
             max_size: 0,
+            no_masking: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -415,6 +428,7 @@ impl Future for ClientHandshake {
             ClientReader {
                 inner: Rc::clone(&inner),
                 max_size: self.max_size,
+                no_masking: self.no_masking,
             },
             ClientWriter { inner },
         )))
@@ -424,6 +438,7 @@ impl Future for ClientHandshake {
 pub struct ClientReader {
     inner: Rc<UnsafeCell<Inner>>,
     max_size: usize,
+    no_masking: bool,
 }
 
 impl fmt::Debug for ClientReader {
@@ -445,13 +460,14 @@ impl Stream for ClientReader {
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>, Self::Error> {
         let max_size = self.max_size;
+        let no_masking = self.no_masking;
         let inner = self.as_mut();
         if inner.closed {
             return Ok(Async::Ready(None));
         }
 
         // read
-        match Frame::parse(&mut inner.rx, false, max_size) {
+        match Frame::parse(&mut inner.rx, no_masking, max_size) {
             Ok(Async::Ready(Some(frame))) => {
                 let (_finished, opcode, payload) = frame.unpack();
 

tests/test_handlers.rs

@@ -368,6 +368,77 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async4() {
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_and_path_extractor() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/sc", |scope| {
+            scope.resource("/{num}/index.html", |r| {
+                r.route()
+                    .with(|p: Path<(usize,)>| format!("Welcome {}!", p.0))
+            })
+        })
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv
+        .get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/sc/10/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome 10!"));
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv
+        .get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/sc/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_nested_scope_and_path_extractor() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/sc", |scope| {
+            scope.nested("/{num}", |scope| {
+                scope.resource("/{num}/index.html", |r| {
+                    r.route().with(|p: Path<(usize, usize)>| {
+                        format!("Welcome {} {}!", p.0, p.1)
+                    })
+                })
+            })
+        })
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv
+        .get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/sc/10/12/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome 10 12!"));
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv
+        .get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/sc/10/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
 #[cfg(actix_impl_trait)]
 fn test_impl_trait(
     data: (Json<Value>, Path<PParam>, Query<PParam>),

tests/test_middleware.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use std::thread;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use actix::*;
+use actix_web::error::{Error, ErrorInternalServerError};
 use actix_web::*;
 use futures::{future, Future};
 use tokio_core::reactor::Timeout;
@@ -792,3 +793,207 @@ fn test_async_sync_resource_middleware_multiple() {
     thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(40));
     assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
 }
+
+struct MiddlewareWithErr;
+
+impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareWithErr {
+    fn start(&self, _req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started, Error> {
+        Err(ErrorInternalServerError("middleware error"))
+    }
+}
+
+struct MiddlewareAsyncWithErr;
+
+impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareAsyncWithErr {
+    fn start(&self, _req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started, Error> {
+        Ok(middleware::Started::Future(Box::new(future::err(
+            ErrorInternalServerError("middleware error"),
+        ))))
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new()
+            .middleware(mw1)
+            .middleware(MiddlewareWithErr)
+            .resource("/test", |r| r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware_async_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new()
+            .middleware(mw1)
+            .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncWithErr)
+            .resource("/test", |r| r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(mw1)
+                .middleware(MiddlewareWithErr)
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/scope/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware_async_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(mw1)
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncWithErr)
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/scope/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().resource("/test", move |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw1);
+            r.middleware(MiddlewareWithErr);
+            r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware_async_chain_with_error() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().resource("/test", move |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw1);
+            r.middleware(MiddlewareAsyncWithErr);
+            r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}

tests/test_server.rs

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ const STR: &str = "Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World \
                    Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World Hello World";
 
 #[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
 fn test_start() {
     let _ = test::TestServer::unused_addr();
     let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
@@ -86,12 +87,17 @@ fn test_start() {
     // pause
     let _ = srv_addr.send(server::PauseServer).wait();
     thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(200));
-    assert!(net::TcpStream::connect(addr).is_err());
+    {
+        let req = client::ClientRequest::get(format!("http://{}/", addr).as_str())
+            .timeout(time::Duration::from_millis(200))
+            .finish()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(sys.run_until_complete(req.send()).is_err());
+    }
 
     // resume
     let _ = srv_addr.send(server::ResumeServer).wait();
-    thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(200));
+    thread::sleep(time::Duration::from_millis(400));
-
     {
         let req = client::ClientRequest::get(format!("http://{}/", addr).as_str())
             .finish()