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    //! Http response
    use std::cell::RefCell;
    use std::collections::VecDeque;
    use std::io::Write;
    use std::{fmt, mem, str};

    use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
    use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
    use futures::Stream;
    use http::header::{self, HeaderName, HeaderValue};
    use http::{Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, HttpTryFrom, StatusCode, Version};
    use serde::Serialize;
    use serde_json;

    use body::Body;
    use client::ClientResponse;
    use error::Error;
    use handler::Responder;
    use header::{ContentEncoding, Header, IntoHeaderValue};
    use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
    use httprequest::HttpRequest;

    /// max write buffer size 64k
    pub(crate) const MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 65_536;

    /// Represents various types of connection
    #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
    pub enum ConnectionType {
        /// Close connection after response
        Close,
        /// Keep connection alive after response
        KeepAlive,
        /// Connection is upgraded to different type
        Upgrade,
    }

    /// An HTTP Response
    pub struct HttpResponse(Box<InnerHttpResponse>, &'static HttpResponsePool);

    impl HttpResponse {
        #[inline]
        fn get_ref(&self) -> &InnerHttpResponse {
            self.0.as_ref()
        }

        #[inline]
        fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut InnerHttpResponse {
            self.0.as_mut()
        }

        /// Create http response builder with specific status.
        #[inline]
        pub fn build(status: StatusCode) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            HttpResponsePool::get(status)
        }

        /// Create http response builder
        #[inline]
        pub fn build_from<T: Into<HttpResponseBuilder>>(source: T) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            source.into()
        }

        /// Constructs a response
        #[inline]
        pub fn new(status: StatusCode) -> HttpResponse {
            HttpResponsePool::with_body(status, Body::Empty)
        }

        /// Constructs a response with body
        #[inline]
        pub fn with_body<B: Into<Body>>(status: StatusCode, body: B) -> HttpResponse {
            HttpResponsePool::with_body(status, body.into())
        }

        /// Constructs an error response
        #[inline]
        pub fn from_error(error: Error) -> HttpResponse {
            let mut resp = error.as_response_error().error_response();
            resp.get_mut().error = Some(error);
            resp
        }

        /// Convert `HttpResponse` to a `HttpResponseBuilder`
        #[inline]
        pub fn into_builder(self) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            // If this response has cookies, load them into a jar
            let mut jar: Option<CookieJar> = None;
            for c in self.cookies() {
                if let Some(ref mut j) = jar {
                    j.add_original(c.into_owned());
                } else {
                    let mut j = CookieJar::new();
                    j.add_original(c.into_owned());
                    jar = Some(j);
                }
            }

            HttpResponseBuilder {
                pool: self.1,
                response: Some(self.0),
                err: None,
                cookies: jar,
            }
        }

        /// The source `error` for this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn error(&self) -> Option<&Error> {
            self.get_ref().error.as_ref()
        }

        /// Get the HTTP version of this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn version(&self) -> Option<Version> {
            self.get_ref().version
        }

        /// Get the headers from the response
        #[inline]
        pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap {
            &self.get_ref().headers
        }

        /// Get a mutable reference to the headers
        #[inline]
        pub fn headers_mut(&mut self) -> &mut HeaderMap {
            &mut self.get_mut().headers
        }

        /// Get an iterator for the cookies set by this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn cookies(&self) -> CookieIter {
            CookieIter {
                iter: self.get_ref().headers.get_all(header::SET_COOKIE).iter(),
            }
        }

        /// Add a cookie to this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn add_cookie(&mut self, cookie: &Cookie) -> Result<(), HttpError> {
            let h = &mut self.get_mut().headers;
            HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie.to_string())
                .map(|c| {
                    h.append(header::SET_COOKIE, c);
                }).map_err(|e| e.into())
        }

        /// Remove all cookies with the given name from this response. Returns
        /// the number of cookies removed.
        #[inline]
        pub fn del_cookie(&mut self, name: &str) -> usize {
            let h = &mut self.get_mut().headers;
            let vals: Vec<HeaderValue> = h
                .get_all(header::SET_COOKIE)
                .iter()
                .map(|v| v.to_owned())
                .collect();
            h.remove(header::SET_COOKIE);

            let mut count: usize = 0;
            for v in vals {
                if let Ok(s) = v.to_str() {
                    if let Ok(c) = Cookie::parse_encoded(s) {
                        if c.name() == name {
                            count += 1;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }
                h.append(header::SET_COOKIE, v);
            }
            count
        }

        /// Get the response status code
        #[inline]
        pub fn status(&self) -> StatusCode {
            self.get_ref().status
        }

        /// Set the `StatusCode` for this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn status_mut(&mut self) -> &mut StatusCode {
            &mut self.get_mut().status
        }

        /// Get custom reason for the response
        #[inline]
        pub fn reason(&self) -> &str {
            if let Some(reason) = self.get_ref().reason {
                reason
            } else {
                self.get_ref()
                    .status
                    .canonical_reason()
                    .unwrap_or("<unknown status code>")
            }
        }

        /// Set the custom reason for the response
        #[inline]
        pub fn set_reason(&mut self, reason: &'static str) -> &mut Self {
            self.get_mut().reason = Some(reason);
            self
        }

        /// Set connection type
        pub fn set_connection_type(&mut self, conn: ConnectionType) -> &mut Self {
            self.get_mut().connection_type = Some(conn);
            self
        }

        /// Connection upgrade status
        #[inline]
        pub fn upgrade(&self) -> bool {
            self.get_ref().connection_type == Some(ConnectionType::Upgrade)
        }

        /// Keep-alive status for this connection
        pub fn keep_alive(&self) -> Option<bool> {
            if let Some(ct) = self.get_ref().connection_type {
                match ct {
                    ConnectionType::KeepAlive => Some(true),
                    ConnectionType::Close | ConnectionType::Upgrade => Some(false),
                }
            } else {
                None
            }
        }

        /// is chunked encoding enabled
        #[inline]
        pub fn chunked(&self) -> Option<bool> {
            self.get_ref().chunked
        }

        /// Content encoding
        #[inline]
        pub fn content_encoding(&self) -> Option<ContentEncoding> {
            self.get_ref().encoding
        }

        /// Set content encoding
        pub fn set_content_encoding(&mut self, enc: ContentEncoding) -> &mut Self {
            self.get_mut().encoding = Some(enc);
            self
        }

        /// Get body os this response
        #[inline]
        pub fn body(&self) -> &Body {
            &self.get_ref().body
        }

        /// Set a body
        pub fn set_body<B: Into<Body>>(&mut self, body: B) {
            self.get_mut().body = body.into();
        }

        /// Set a body and return previous body value
        pub fn replace_body<B: Into<Body>>(&mut self, body: B) -> Body {
            mem::replace(&mut self.get_mut().body, body.into())
        }

        /// Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers
        pub fn response_size(&self) -> u64 {
            self.get_ref().response_size
        }

        /// Set content encoding
        pub(crate) fn set_response_size(&mut self, size: u64) {
            self.get_mut().response_size = size;
        }

        /// Get write buffer capacity
        pub fn write_buffer_capacity(&self) -> usize {
            self.get_ref().write_capacity
        }

        /// Set write buffer capacity
        pub fn set_write_buffer_capacity(&mut self, cap: usize) {
            self.get_mut().write_capacity = cap;
        }

        pub(crate) fn release(self) {
            self.1.release(self.0);
        }

        pub(crate) fn into_parts(self) -> HttpResponseParts {
            self.0.into_parts()
        }

        pub(crate) fn from_parts(parts: HttpResponseParts) -> HttpResponse {
            HttpResponse(
                Box::new(InnerHttpResponse::from_parts(parts)),
                HttpResponsePool::get_pool(),
            )
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Debug for HttpResponse {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            let res = writeln!(
                f,
                "\nHttpResponse {:?} {}{}",
                self.get_ref().version,
                self.get_ref().status,
                self.get_ref().reason.unwrap_or("")
            );
            let _ = writeln!(f, "  encoding: {:?}", self.get_ref().encoding);
            let _ = writeln!(f, "  headers:");
            for (key, val) in self.get_ref().headers.iter() {
                let _ = writeln!(f, "    {:?}: {:?}", key, val);
            }
            res
        }
    }

    pub struct CookieIter<'a> {
        iter: header::ValueIter<'a, HeaderValue>,
    }

    impl<'a> Iterator for CookieIter<'a> {
        type Item = Cookie<'a>;

        #[inline]
        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Cookie<'a>> {
            for v in self.iter.by_ref() {
                if let Ok(c) = Cookie::parse_encoded(v.to_str().ok()?) {
                    return Some(c);
                }
            }
            None
        }
    }

    /// An HTTP response builder
    ///
    /// This type can be used to construct an instance of `HttpResponse` through a
    /// builder-like pattern.
    pub struct HttpResponseBuilder {
        pool: &'static HttpResponsePool,
        response: Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>,
        err: Option<HttpError>,
        cookies: Option<CookieJar>,
    }

    impl HttpResponseBuilder {
        /// Set HTTP status code of this response.
        #[inline]
        pub fn status(&mut self, status: StatusCode) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.status = status;
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set HTTP version of this response.
        ///
        /// By default response's http version depends on request's version.
        #[inline]
        pub fn version(&mut self, version: Version) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.version = Some(version);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set a header.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
        ///
        /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse> {
        ///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
        ///         .set(http::header::IfModifiedSince(
        ///             "Sun, 07 Nov 1994 08:48:37 GMT".parse()?,
        ///         ))
        ///         .finish())
        /// }
        /// fn main() {}
        /// ```
        #[doc(hidden)]
        pub fn set<H: Header>(&mut self, hdr: H) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                match hdr.try_into() {
                    Ok(value) => {
                        parts.headers.append(H::name(), value);
                    }
                    Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
                }
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set a header.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
        ///     HttpResponse::Ok()
        ///         .header("X-TEST", "value")
        ///         .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
        ///         .finish()
        /// }
        /// fn main() {}
        /// ```
        pub fn header<K, V>(&mut self, key: K, value: V) -> &mut Self
        where
            HeaderName: HttpTryFrom<K>,
            V: IntoHeaderValue,
        {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                match HeaderName::try_from(key) {
                    Ok(key) => match value.try_into() {
                        Ok(value) => {
                            parts.headers.append(key, value);
                        }
                        Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
                    },
                    Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
                };
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set the custom reason for the response.
        #[inline]
        pub fn reason(&mut self, reason: &'static str) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.reason = Some(reason);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set content encoding.
        ///
        /// By default `ContentEncoding::Auto` is used, which automatically
        /// negotiates content encoding based on request's `Accept-Encoding`
        /// headers. To enforce specific encoding, use specific
        /// ContentEncoding` value.
        #[inline]
        pub fn content_encoding(&mut self, enc: ContentEncoding) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.encoding = Some(enc);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set connection type
        #[inline]
        #[doc(hidden)]
        pub fn connection_type(&mut self, conn: ConnectionType) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.connection_type = Some(conn);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set connection type to Upgrade
        #[inline]
        #[doc(hidden)]
        pub fn upgrade(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
            self.connection_type(ConnectionType::Upgrade)
        }

        /// Force close connection, even if it is marked as keep-alive
        #[inline]
        pub fn force_close(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
            self.connection_type(ConnectionType::Close)
        }

        /// Enables automatic chunked transfer encoding
        #[inline]
        pub fn chunked(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.chunked = Some(true);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Force disable chunked encoding
        #[inline]
        pub fn no_chunking(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.chunked = Some(false);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set response content type
        #[inline]
        pub fn content_type<V>(&mut self, value: V) -> &mut Self
        where
            HeaderValue: HttpTryFrom<V>,
        {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                match HeaderValue::try_from(value) {
                    Ok(value) => {
                        parts.headers.insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, value);
                    }
                    Err(e) => self.err = Some(e.into()),
                };
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set content length
        #[inline]
        pub fn content_length(&mut self, len: u64) -> &mut Self {
            let mut wrt = BytesMut::new().writer();
            let _ = write!(wrt, "{}", len);
            self.header(header::CONTENT_LENGTH, wrt.get_mut().take().freeze())
        }

        /// Set a cookie
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
        ///
        /// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
        ///     HttpResponse::Ok()
        ///         .cookie(
        ///             http::Cookie::build("name", "value")
        ///                 .domain("www.rust-lang.org")
        ///                 .path("/")
        ///                 .secure(true)
        ///                 .http_only(true)
        ///                 .finish(),
        ///         )
        ///         .finish()
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn cookie<'c>(&mut self, cookie: Cookie<'c>) -> &mut Self {
            if self.cookies.is_none() {
                let mut jar = CookieJar::new();
                jar.add(cookie.into_owned());
                self.cookies = Some(jar)
            } else {
                self.cookies.as_mut().unwrap().add(cookie.into_owned());
            }
            self
        }

        /// Remove cookie
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
        ///
        /// fn index(req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
        ///     let mut builder = HttpResponse::Ok();
        ///
        ///     if let Some(ref cookie) = req.cookie("name") {
        ///         builder.del_cookie(cookie);
        ///     }
        ///
        ///     builder.finish()
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn del_cookie<'a>(&mut self, cookie: &Cookie<'a>) -> &mut Self {
            {
                if self.cookies.is_none() {
                    self.cookies = Some(CookieJar::new())
                }
                let jar = self.cookies.as_mut().unwrap();
                let cookie = cookie.clone().into_owned();
                jar.add_original(cookie.clone());
                jar.remove(cookie);
            }
            self
        }

        /// This method calls provided closure with builder reference if value is
        /// true.
        pub fn if_true<F>(&mut self, value: bool, f: F) -> &mut Self
        where
            F: FnOnce(&mut HttpResponseBuilder),
        {
            if value {
                f(self);
            }
            self
        }

        /// This method calls provided closure with builder reference if value is
        /// Some.
        pub fn if_some<T, F>(&mut self, value: Option<T>, f: F) -> &mut Self
        where
            F: FnOnce(T, &mut HttpResponseBuilder),
        {
            if let Some(val) = value {
                f(val, self);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set write buffer capacity
        ///
        /// This parameter makes sense only for streaming response
        /// or actor. If write buffer reaches specified capacity, stream or actor
        /// get paused.
        ///
        /// Default write buffer capacity is 64kb
        pub fn write_buffer_capacity(&mut self, cap: usize) -> &mut Self {
            if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err) {
                parts.write_capacity = cap;
            }
            self
        }

        /// Set a body and generate `HttpResponse`.
        ///
        /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
        pub fn body<B: Into<Body>>(&mut self, body: B) -> HttpResponse {
            if let Some(e) = self.err.take() {
                return Error::from(e).into();
            }
            let mut response = self.response.take().expect("cannot reuse response builder");
            if let Some(ref jar) = self.cookies {
                for cookie in jar.delta() {
                    match HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie.to_string()) {
                        Ok(val) => response.headers.append(header::SET_COOKIE, val),
                        Err(e) => return Error::from(e).into(),
                    };
                }
            }
            response.body = body.into();
            HttpResponse(response, self.pool)
        }

        #[inline]
        /// Set a streaming body and generate `HttpResponse`.
        ///
        /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
        pub fn streaming<S, E>(&mut self, stream: S) -> HttpResponse
        where
            S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = E> + 'static,
            E: Into<Error>,
        {
            self.body(Body::Streaming(Box::new(stream.map_err(|e| e.into()))))
        }

        /// Set a json body and generate `HttpResponse`
        ///
        /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
        pub fn json<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: T) -> HttpResponse {
            self.json2(&value)
        }

        /// Set a json body and generate `HttpResponse`
        ///
        /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
        pub fn json2<T: Serialize>(&mut self, value: &T) -> HttpResponse {
            match serde_json::to_string(value) {
                Ok(body) => {
                    let contains = if let Some(parts) = parts(&mut self.response, &self.err)
                    {
                        parts.headers.contains_key(header::CONTENT_TYPE)
                    } else {
                        true
                    };
                    if !contains {
                        self.header(header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json");
                    }

                    self.body(body)
                }
                Err(e) => Error::from(e).into(),
            }
        }

        #[inline]
        /// Set an empty body and generate `HttpResponse`
        ///
        /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
        pub fn finish(&mut self) -> HttpResponse {
            self.body(Body::Empty)
        }

        /// This method construct new `HttpResponseBuilder`
        pub fn take(&mut self) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            HttpResponseBuilder {
                pool: self.pool,
                response: self.response.take(),
                err: self.err.take(),
                cookies: self.cookies.take(),
            }
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(clippy::borrowed_box))]
    fn parts<'a>(
        parts: &'a mut Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>, err: &Option<HttpError>,
    ) -> Option<&'a mut Box<InnerHttpResponse>> {
        if err.is_some() {
            return None;
        }
        parts.as_mut()
    }

    /// Helper converters
    impl<I: Into<HttpResponse>, E: Into<Error>> From<Result<I, E>> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(res: Result<I, E>) -> Self {
            match res {
                Ok(val) => val.into(),
                Err(err) => err.into().into(),
            }
        }
    }

    impl From<HttpResponseBuilder> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(mut builder: HttpResponseBuilder) -> Self {
            builder.finish()
        }
    }

    impl Responder for HttpResponseBuilder {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        #[inline]
        fn respond_to<S>(mut self, _: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(self.finish())
        }
    }

    impl From<&'static str> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: &'static str) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::Ok()
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl Responder for &'static str {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    impl From<&'static [u8]> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::Ok()
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl Responder for &'static [u8] {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    impl From<String> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: String) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::Ok()
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl Responder for String {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    impl<'a> From<&'a String> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: &'a String) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl<'a> Responder for &'a String {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    impl From<Bytes> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: Bytes) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::Ok()
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl Responder for Bytes {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    impl From<BytesMut> for HttpResponse {
        fn from(val: BytesMut) -> Self {
            HttpResponse::Ok()
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(val)
        }
    }

    impl Responder for BytesMut {
        type Item = HttpResponse;
        type Error = Error;

        fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
            Ok(req
                .build_response(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("application/octet-stream")
                .body(self))
        }
    }

    /// Create `HttpResponseBuilder` from `ClientResponse`
    ///
    /// It is useful for proxy response. This implementation
    /// copies all responses's headers and status.
    impl<'a> From<&'a ClientResponse> for HttpResponseBuilder {
        fn from(resp: &'a ClientResponse) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            let mut builder = HttpResponse::build(resp.status());
            for (key, value) in resp.headers() {
                builder.header(key.clone(), value.clone());
            }
            builder
        }
    }

    impl<'a, S> From<&'a HttpRequest<S>> for HttpResponseBuilder {
        fn from(req: &'a HttpRequest<S>) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            req.request()
                .server_settings()
                .get_response_builder(StatusCode::OK)
        }
    }

    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct InnerHttpResponse {
        version: Option<Version>,
        headers: HeaderMap,
        status: StatusCode,
        reason: Option<&'static str>,
        body: Body,
        chunked: Option<bool>,
        encoding: Option<ContentEncoding>,
        connection_type: Option<ConnectionType>,
        write_capacity: usize,
        response_size: u64,
        error: Option<Error>,
    }

    pub(crate) struct HttpResponseParts {
        version: Option<Version>,
        headers: HeaderMap,
        status: StatusCode,
        reason: Option<&'static str>,
        body: Option<Bytes>,
        encoding: Option<ContentEncoding>,
        connection_type: Option<ConnectionType>,
        error: Option<Error>,
    }

    impl InnerHttpResponse {
        #[inline]
        fn new(status: StatusCode, body: Body) -> InnerHttpResponse {
            InnerHttpResponse {
                status,
                body,
                version: None,
                headers: HeaderMap::with_capacity(16),
                reason: None,
                chunked: None,
                encoding: None,
                connection_type: None,
                response_size: 0,
                write_capacity: MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE,
                error: None,
            }
        }

        /// This is for failure, we can not have Send + Sync on Streaming and Actor response
        fn into_parts(mut self) -> HttpResponseParts {
            let body = match mem::replace(&mut self.body, Body::Empty) {
                Body::Empty => None,
                Body::Binary(mut bin) => Some(bin.take()),
                Body::Streaming(_) | Body::Actor(_) => {
                    error!("Streaming or Actor body is not support by error response");
                    None
                }
            };

            HttpResponseParts {
                body,
                version: self.version,
                headers: self.headers,
                status: self.status,
                reason: self.reason,
                encoding: self.encoding,
                connection_type: self.connection_type,
                error: self.error,
            }
        }

        fn from_parts(parts: HttpResponseParts) -> InnerHttpResponse {
            let body = if let Some(ref body) = parts.body {
                Body::Binary(body.clone().into())
            } else {
                Body::Empty
            };

            InnerHttpResponse {
                body,
                status: parts.status,
                version: parts.version,
                headers: parts.headers,
                reason: parts.reason,
                chunked: None,
                encoding: parts.encoding,
                connection_type: parts.connection_type,
                response_size: 0,
                write_capacity: MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE,
                error: parts.error,
            }
        }
    }

    /// Internal use only!
    pub(crate) struct HttpResponsePool(RefCell<VecDeque<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>>);

    thread_local!(static POOL: &'static HttpResponsePool = HttpResponsePool::pool());

    impl HttpResponsePool {
        fn pool() -> &'static HttpResponsePool {
            let pool = HttpResponsePool(RefCell::new(VecDeque::with_capacity(128)));
            Box::leak(Box::new(pool))
        }

        pub fn get_pool() -> &'static HttpResponsePool {
            POOL.with(|p| *p)
        }

        #[inline]
        pub fn get_builder(
            pool: &'static HttpResponsePool, status: StatusCode,
        ) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            if let Some(mut msg) = pool.0.borrow_mut().pop_front() {
                msg.status = status;
                HttpResponseBuilder {
                    pool,
                    response: Some(msg),
                    err: None,
                    cookies: None,
                }
            } else {
                let msg = Box::new(InnerHttpResponse::new(status, Body::Empty));
                HttpResponseBuilder {
                    pool,
                    response: Some(msg),
                    err: None,
                    cookies: None,
                }
            }
        }

        #[inline]
        pub fn get_response(
            pool: &'static HttpResponsePool, status: StatusCode, body: Body,
        ) -> HttpResponse {
            if let Some(mut msg) = pool.0.borrow_mut().pop_front() {
                msg.status = status;
                msg.body = body;
                HttpResponse(msg, pool)
            } else {
                let msg = Box::new(InnerHttpResponse::new(status, body));
                HttpResponse(msg, pool)
            }
        }

        #[inline]
        fn get(status: StatusCode) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
            POOL.with(|pool| HttpResponsePool::get_builder(pool, status))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn with_body(status: StatusCode, body: Body) -> HttpResponse {
            POOL.with(|pool| HttpResponsePool::get_response(pool, status, body))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn release(&self, mut inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>) {
            let mut p = self.0.borrow_mut();
            if p.len() < 128 {
                inner.headers.clear();
                inner.version = None;
                inner.chunked = None;
                inner.reason = None;
                inner.encoding = None;
                inner.connection_type = None;
                inner.response_size = 0;
                inner.error = None;
                inner.write_capacity = MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE;
                p.push_front(inner);
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod tests {
        use super::*;
        use body::Binary;
        use http;
        use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_TYPE, COOKIE};
        use time::Duration;

        use test::TestRequest;

        #[test]
        fn test_debug() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::Ok()
                .header(COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie1=value1; "))
                .header(COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("cookie2=value2; "))
                .finish();
            let dbg = format!("{:?}", resp);
            assert!(dbg.contains("HttpResponse"));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_response_cookies() {
            let req = TestRequest::default()
                .header(COOKIE, "cookie1=value1")
                .header(COOKIE, "cookie2=value2")
                .finish();
            let cookies = req.cookies().unwrap();

            let resp = HttpResponse::Ok()
                .cookie(
                    http::Cookie::build("name", "value")
                        .domain("www.rust-lang.org")
                        .path("/test")
                        .http_only(true)
                        .max_age(Duration::days(1))
                        .finish(),
                ).del_cookie(&cookies[0])
                .finish();

            let mut val: Vec<_> = resp
                .headers()
                .get_all("Set-Cookie")
                .iter()
                .map(|v| v.to_str().unwrap().to_owned())
                .collect();
            val.sort();
            assert!(val[0].starts_with("cookie1=; Max-Age=0;"));
            assert_eq!(
                val[1],
                "name=value; HttpOnly; Path=/test; Domain=www.rust-lang.org; Max-Age=86400"
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_update_response_cookies() {
            let mut r = HttpResponse::Ok()
                .cookie(http::Cookie::new("original", "val100"))
                .finish();

            r.add_cookie(&http::Cookie::new("cookie2", "val200"))
                .unwrap();
            r.add_cookie(&http::Cookie::new("cookie2", "val250"))
                .unwrap();
            r.add_cookie(&http::Cookie::new("cookie3", "val300"))
                .unwrap();

            assert_eq!(r.cookies().count(), 4);
            r.del_cookie("cookie2");

            let mut iter = r.cookies();
            let v = iter.next().unwrap();
            assert_eq!((v.name(), v.value()), ("original", "val100"));
            let v = iter.next().unwrap();
            assert_eq!((v.name(), v.value()), ("cookie3", "val300"));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_basic_builder() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::Ok()
                .header("X-TEST", "value")
                .version(Version::HTTP_10)
                .finish();
            assert_eq!(resp.version(), Some(Version::HTTP_10));
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_upgrade() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).upgrade().finish();
            assert!(resp.upgrade())
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_force_close() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).force_close().finish();
            assert!(!resp.keep_alive().unwrap())
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_content_type() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_type("text/plain")
                .body(Body::Empty);
            assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/plain")
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_content_encoding() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).finish();
            assert_eq!(resp.content_encoding(), None);

            #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
            {
                let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                    .content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Br)
                    .finish();
                assert_eq!(resp.content_encoding(), Some(ContentEncoding::Br));
            }

            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                .content_encoding(ContentEncoding::Gzip)
                .finish();
            assert_eq!(resp.content_encoding(), Some(ContentEncoding::Gzip));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_json() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).json(vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
            let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"));
            assert_eq!(
                *resp.body(),
                Body::from(Bytes::from_static(b"[\"v1\",\"v2\",\"v3\"]"))
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_json_ct() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json")
                .json(vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
            let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("text/json"));
            assert_eq!(
                *resp.body(),
                Body::from(Bytes::from_static(b"[\"v1\",\"v2\",\"v3\"]"))
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_json2() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK).json2(&vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
            let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("application/json"));
            assert_eq!(
                *resp.body(),
                Body::from(Bytes::from_static(b"[\"v1\",\"v2\",\"v3\"]"))
            );
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_json2_ct() {
            let resp = HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::OK)
                .header(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json")
                .json2(&vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
            let ct = resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("text/json"));
            assert_eq!(
                *resp.body(),
                Body::from(Bytes::from_static(b"[\"v1\",\"v2\",\"v3\"]"))
            );
        }

        impl Body {
            pub(crate) fn bin_ref(&self) -> &Binary {
                match *self {
                    Body::Binary(ref bin) => bin,
                    _ => panic!(),
                }
            }
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_into_response() {
            let req = TestRequest::default().finish();

            let resp: HttpResponse = "test".into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from("test"));

            let resp: HttpResponse = "test".respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from("test"));

            let resp: HttpResponse = b"test".as_ref().into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref()));

            let resp: HttpResponse = b"test".as_ref().respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref()));

            let resp: HttpResponse = "test".to_owned().into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from("test".to_owned()));

            let resp: HttpResponse = "test".to_owned().respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from("test".to_owned()));

            let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned()).into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned()));

            let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned()).respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned()));

            let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
            let resp: HttpResponse = b.into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.body().bin_ref(),
                &Binary::from(Bytes::from_static(b"test"))
            );

            let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
            let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.body().bin_ref(),
                &Binary::from(Bytes::from_static(b"test"))
            );

            let b = BytesMut::from("test");
            let resp: HttpResponse = b.into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test")));

            let b = BytesMut::from("test");
            let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(
                resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
                HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
            );
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), &Binary::from(BytesMut::from("test")));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_into_builder() {
            let mut resp: HttpResponse = "test".into();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);

            resp.add_cookie(&http::Cookie::new("cookie1", "val100"))
                .unwrap();

            let mut builder = resp.into_builder();
            let resp = builder.status(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).finish();
            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);

            let cookie = resp.cookies().next().unwrap();
            assert_eq!((cookie.name(), cookie.value()), ("cookie1", "val100"));
        }
    }

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