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    use std::rc::Rc;

    use handler::{AsyncResult, FromRequest, Handler, Responder, WrapHandler};
    use header::ContentEncoding;
    use http::Method;
    use httprequest::HttpRequest;
    use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
    use middleware::Middleware;
    use pipeline::{Pipeline, PipelineHandler};
    use pred::Predicate;
    use resource::Resource;
    use router::{ResourceDef, Router};
    use scope::Scope;
    use server::{HttpHandler, HttpHandlerTask, IntoHttpHandler, Request};

    /// Application
    pub struct HttpApplication<S = ()> {
        state: Rc<S>,
        prefix: String,
        prefix_len: usize,
        inner: Rc<Inner<S>>,
        filters: Option<Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>>,
        middlewares: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
    }

    #[doc(hidden)]
    pub struct Inner<S> {
        router: Router<S>,
        encoding: ContentEncoding,
    }

    impl<S: 'static> PipelineHandler<S> for Inner<S> {
        #[inline]
        fn encoding(&self) -> ContentEncoding {
            self.encoding
        }

        fn handle(&self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
            self.router.handle(req)
        }
    }

    impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
        #[cfg(test)]
        pub(crate) fn run(&self, req: Request) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
            let info = self
                .inner
                .router
                .recognize(&req, &self.state, self.prefix_len);
            let req = HttpRequest::new(req, Rc::clone(&self.state), info);

            self.inner.handle(&req)
        }
    }

    impl<S: 'static> HttpHandler for HttpApplication<S> {
        type Task = Pipeline<S, Inner<S>>;

        fn handle(&self, msg: Request) -> Result<Pipeline<S, Inner<S>>, Request> {
            let m = {
                if self.prefix_len == 0 {
                    true
                } else {
                    let path = msg.path();
                    path.starts_with(&self.prefix)
                        && (path.len() == self.prefix_len
                            || path.split_at(self.prefix_len).1.starts_with('/'))
                }
            };
            if m {
                if let Some(ref filters) = self.filters {
                    for filter in filters {
                        if !filter.check(&msg, &self.state) {
                            return Err(msg);
                        }
                    }
                }

                let info = self
                    .inner
                    .router
                    .recognize(&msg, &self.state, self.prefix_len);

                let inner = Rc::clone(&self.inner);
                let req = HttpRequest::new(msg, Rc::clone(&self.state), info);
                Ok(Pipeline::new(req, Rc::clone(&self.middlewares), inner))
            } else {
                Err(msg)
            }
        }
    }

    struct ApplicationParts<S> {
        state: S,
        prefix: String,
        router: Router<S>,
        encoding: ContentEncoding,
        middlewares: Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>,
        filters: Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>,
    }

    /// Structure that follows the builder pattern for building application
    /// instances.
    pub struct App<S = ()> {
        parts: Option<ApplicationParts<S>>,
    }

    impl App<()> {
        /// Create application with empty state. Application can
        /// be configured with a builder-like pattern.
        pub fn new() -> App<()> {
            App::with_state(())
        }
    }

    impl Default for App<()> {
        fn default() -> Self {
            App::new()
        }
    }

    impl<S> App<S>
    where
        S: 'static,
    {
        /// Create application with specified state. Application can be
        /// configured with a builder-like pattern.
        ///
        /// State is shared with all resources within same application and
        /// could be accessed with `HttpRequest::state()` method.
        ///
        /// **Note**: http server accepts an application factory rather than
        /// an application instance. Http server constructs an application
        /// instance for each thread, thus application state must be constructed
        /// multiple times. If you want to share state between different
        /// threads, a shared object should be used, e.g. `Arc`. Application
        /// state does not need to be `Send` and `Sync`.
        pub fn with_state(state: S) -> App<S> {
            App {
                parts: Some(ApplicationParts {
                    state,
                    prefix: "".to_owned(),
                    router: Router::new(),
                    middlewares: Vec::new(),
                    filters: Vec::new(),
                    encoding: ContentEncoding::Auto,
                }),
            }
        }

        /// Get reference to the application state
        pub fn state(&self) -> &S {
            let parts = self.parts.as_ref().expect("Use after finish");
            &parts.state
        }

        /// Set application prefix.
        ///
        /// Only requests that match the application's prefix get
        /// processed by this application.
        ///
        /// The application prefix always contains a leading slash (`/`).
        /// If the supplied prefix does not contain leading slash, it is
        /// inserted.
        ///
        /// Prefix should consist of valid path segments. i.e for an
        /// application with the prefix `/app` any request with the paths
        /// `/app`, `/app/` or `/app/test` would match, but the path
        /// `/application` would not.
        ///
        /// In the following example only requests with an `/app/` path
        /// prefix get handled. Requests with path `/app/test/` would be
        /// handled, while requests with the paths `/application` or
        /// `/other/...` would return `NOT FOUND`. It is also possible to
        /// handle `/app` path, to do this you can register resource for
        /// empty string `""`
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new()
        ///         .prefix("/app")
        ///         .resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))  // <- handle `/app` path
        ///         .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())) // <- handle `/app/` path
        ///         .resource("/test", |r| {
        ///             r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
        ///             r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
        ///         })
        ///         .finish();
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn prefix<P: Into<String>>(mut self, prefix: P) -> App<S> {
            {
                let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
                let mut prefix = prefix.into();
                if !prefix.starts_with('/') {
                    prefix.insert(0, '/')
                }
                parts.prefix = prefix;
            }
            self
        }

        /// Add match predicate to application.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// # use actix_web::*;
        /// # fn main() {
        /// App::new()
        ///     .filter(pred::Host("www.rust-lang.org"))
        ///     .resource("/path", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
        /// #      .finish();
        /// # }
        /// ```
        pub fn filter<T: Predicate<S> + 'static>(mut self, p: T) -> App<S> {
            {
                let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
                parts.filters.push(Box::new(p));
            }
            self
        }

        /// Configure route for a specific path.
        ///
        /// This is a simplified version of the `App::resource()` method.
        /// Handler functions need to accept one request extractor
        /// argument.
        ///
        /// This method could be called multiple times, in that case
        /// multiple routes would be registered for same resource path.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new()
        ///         .route("/test", http::Method::GET, |_: HttpRequest| {
        ///             HttpResponse::Ok()
        ///         })
        ///         .route("/test", http::Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| {
        ///             HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()
        ///         });
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn route<T, F, R>(mut self, path: &str, method: Method, f: F) -> App<S>
        where
            F: Fn(T) -> R + 'static,
            R: Responder + 'static,
            T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
        {
            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .router
                .register_route(path, method, f);

            self
        }

        /// Configure scope for common root path.
        ///
        /// Scopes collect multiple paths under a common path prefix.
        /// Scope path can contain variable path segments as resources.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new().scope("/{project_id}", |scope| {
        ///         scope
        ///             .resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
        ///             .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
        ///             .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
        ///     });
        /// }
        /// ```
        ///
        /// In the above example, three routes get added:
        ///  * /{project_id}/path1
        ///  * /{project_id}/path2
        ///  * /{project_id}/path3
        ///
        pub fn scope<F>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> App<S>
        where
            F: FnOnce(Scope<S>) -> Scope<S>,
        {
            let scope = f(Scope::new(path));
            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .router
                .register_scope(scope);
            self
        }

        /// Configure resource for a specific path.
        ///
        /// Resources may have variable path segments. For example, a
        /// resource with the path `/a/{name}/c` would match all incoming
        /// requests with paths such as `/a/b/c`, `/a/1/c`, or `/a/etc/c`.
        ///
        /// A variable segment is specified in the form `{identifier}`,
        /// where the identifier can be used later in a request handler to
        /// access the matched value for that segment. This is done by
        /// looking up the identifier in the `Params` object returned by
        /// `HttpRequest.match_info()` method.
        ///
        /// By default, each segment matches the regular expression `[^{}/]+`.
        ///
        /// You can also specify a custom regex in the form `{identifier:regex}`:
        ///
        /// For instance, to route `GET`-requests on any route matching
        /// `/users/{userid}/{friend}` and store `userid` and `friend` in
        /// the exposed `Params` object:
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new().resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
        ///         r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
        ///         r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
        ///     });
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn resource<F, R>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> App<S>
        where
            F: FnOnce(&mut Resource<S>) -> R + 'static,
        {
            {
                let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");

                // create resource
                let mut resource = Resource::new(ResourceDef::new(path));

                // configure
                f(&mut resource);

                parts.router.register_resource(resource);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Configure resource for a specific path.
        #[doc(hidden)]
        pub fn register_resource(&mut self, resource: Resource<S>) {
            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .router
                .register_resource(resource);
        }

        /// Default resource to be used if no matching route could be found.
        pub fn default_resource<F, R>(mut self, f: F) -> App<S>
        where
            F: FnOnce(&mut Resource<S>) -> R + 'static,
        {
            // create and configure default resource
            let mut resource = Resource::new(ResourceDef::new(""));
            f(&mut resource);

            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .router
                .register_default_resource(resource.into());

            self
        }

        /// Set default content encoding. `ContentEncoding::Auto` is set by default.
        pub fn default_encoding(mut self, encoding: ContentEncoding) -> App<S> {
            {
                let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
                parts.encoding = encoding;
            }
            self
        }

        /// Register an external resource.
        ///
        /// External resources are useful for URL generation purposes only
        /// and are never considered for matching at request time. Calls to
        /// `HttpRequest::url_for()` will work as expected.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Result};
        ///
        /// fn index(req: &HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse> {
        ///     let url = req.url_for("youtube", &["oHg5SJYRHA0"])?;
        ///     assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "https://youtube.com/watch/oHg5SJYRHA0");
        ///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().into())
        /// }
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new()
        ///         .resource("/index.html", |r| r.get().f(index))
        ///         .external_resource("youtube", "https://youtube.com/watch/{video_id}")
        ///         .finish();
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn external_resource<T, U>(mut self, name: T, url: U) -> App<S>
        where
            T: AsRef<str>,
            U: AsRef<str>,
        {
            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .router
                .register_external(name.as_ref(), ResourceDef::external(url.as_ref()));
            self
        }

        /// Configure handler for specific path prefix.
        ///
        /// A path prefix consists of valid path segments, i.e for the
        /// prefix `/app` any request with the paths `/app`, `/app/` or
        /// `/app/test` would match, but the path `/application` would
        /// not.
        ///
        /// Path tail is available as `tail` parameter in request's match_dict.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new().handler("/app", |req: &HttpRequest| match *req.method() {
        ///         http::Method::GET => HttpResponse::Ok(),
        ///         http::Method::POST => HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed(),
        ///         _ => HttpResponse::NotFound(),
        ///     });
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn handler<H: Handler<S>>(mut self, path: &str, handler: H) -> App<S> {
            {
                let mut path = path.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
                if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
                    path.insert(0, '/')
                }
                if path.len() > 1 && path.ends_with('/') {
                    path.pop();
                }
                self.parts
                    .as_mut()
                    .expect("Use after finish")
                    .router
                    .register_handler(&path, Box::new(WrapHandler::new(handler)), None);
            }
            self
        }

        /// Register a middleware.
        pub fn middleware<M: Middleware<S>>(mut self, mw: M) -> App<S> {
            self.parts
                .as_mut()
                .expect("Use after finish")
                .middlewares
                .push(Box::new(mw));
            self
        }

        /// Run external configuration as part of the application building
        /// process
        ///
        /// This function is useful for moving parts of configuration to a
        /// different module or event library. For example we can move
        /// some of the resources' configuration to different module.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{fs, middleware, App, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// // this function could be located in different module
        /// fn config(app: App) -> App {
        ///     app.resource("/test", |r| {
        ///         r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
        ///         r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
        ///     })
        /// }
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        ///     let app = App::new()
        ///         .middleware(middleware::Logger::default())
        ///         .configure(config)  // <- register resources
        ///         .handler("/static", fs::StaticFiles::new(".").unwrap());
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn configure<F>(self, cfg: F) -> App<S>
        where
            F: Fn(App<S>) -> App<S>,
        {
            cfg(self)
        }

        /// Finish application configuration and create `HttpHandler` object.
        pub fn finish(&mut self) -> HttpApplication<S> {
            let mut parts = self.parts.take().expect("Use after finish");
            let prefix = parts.prefix.trim().trim_right_matches('/');
            parts.router.finish();

            let inner = Rc::new(Inner {
                router: parts.router,
                encoding: parts.encoding,
            });
            let filters = if parts.filters.is_empty() {
                None
            } else {
                Some(parts.filters)
            };

            HttpApplication {
                inner,
                filters,
                state: Rc::new(parts.state),
                middlewares: Rc::new(parts.middlewares),
                prefix: prefix.to_owned(),
                prefix_len: prefix.len(),
            }
        }

        /// Convenience method for creating `Box<HttpHandler>` instances.
        ///
        /// This method is useful if you need to register multiple
        /// application instances with different state.
        ///
        /// ```rust
        /// # use std::thread;
        /// # extern crate actix_web;
        /// use actix_web::{server, App, HttpResponse};
        ///
        /// struct State1;
        ///
        /// struct State2;
        ///
        /// fn main() {
        /// # thread::spawn(|| {
        ///     server::new(|| {
        ///         vec![
        ///             App::with_state(State1)
        ///                 .prefix("/app1")
        ///                 .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
        ///                 .boxed(),
        ///             App::with_state(State2)
        ///                 .prefix("/app2")
        ///                 .resource("/", |r| r.f(|r| HttpResponse::Ok()))
        ///                 .boxed(),
        ///         ]
        ///     }).bind("127.0.0.1:8080")
        ///         .unwrap()
        ///         .run()
        /// # });
        /// }
        /// ```
        pub fn boxed(mut self) -> Box<HttpHandler<Task = Box<HttpHandlerTask>>> {
            Box::new(BoxedApplication { app: self.finish() })
        }
    }

    struct BoxedApplication<S> {
        app: HttpApplication<S>,
    }

    impl<S: 'static> HttpHandler for BoxedApplication<S> {
        type Task = Box<HttpHandlerTask>;

        fn handle(&self, req: Request) -> Result<Self::Task, Request> {
            self.app.handle(req).map(|t| {
                let task: Self::Task = Box::new(t);
                task
            })
        }
    }

    impl<S: 'static> IntoHttpHandler for App<S> {
        type Handler = HttpApplication<S>;

        fn into_handler(mut self) -> HttpApplication<S> {
            self.finish()
        }
    }

    impl<'a, S: 'static> IntoHttpHandler for &'a mut App<S> {
        type Handler = HttpApplication<S>;

        fn into_handler(self) -> HttpApplication<S> {
            self.finish()
        }
    }

    #[doc(hidden)]
    impl<S: 'static> Iterator for App<S> {
        type Item = HttpApplication<S>;

        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
            if self.parts.is_some() {
                Some(self.finish())
            } else {
                None
            }
        }
    }

    #[cfg(test)]
    mod tests {
        use super::*;
        use body::{Binary, Body};
        use http::StatusCode;
        use httprequest::HttpRequest;
        use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
        use pred;
        use test::{TestRequest, TestServer};

        #[test]
        fn test_default_resource() {
            let app = App::new()
                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let app = App::new()
                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                .default_resource(|r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
                .finish();
            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_unhandled_prefix() {
            let app = App::new()
                .prefix("/test")
                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                .finish();
            let ctx = TestRequest::default().request();
            assert!(app.handle(ctx).is_err());
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_state() {
            let app = App::with_state(10)
                .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                .finish();
            let req = TestRequest::with_state(10).request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_prefix() {
            let app = App::new()
                .prefix("/test")
                .resource("/blah", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                .finish();
            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").request();
            let resp = app.handle(req);
            assert!(resp.is_ok());

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").request();
            let resp = app.handle(req);
            assert!(resp.is_ok());

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/blah").request();
            let resp = app.handle(req);
            assert!(resp.is_ok());

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testing").request();
            let resp = app.handle(req);
            assert!(resp.is_err());
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_handler() {
            let app = App::new()
                .handler("/test", |_: &_| HttpResponse::Ok())
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/app").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_handler2() {
            let app = App::new()
                .handler("test", |_: &_| HttpResponse::Ok())
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/app").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_handler_with_prefix() {
            let app = App::new()
                .prefix("prefix")
                .handler("/test", |_: &_| HttpResponse::Ok())
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test/").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test/app").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/testapp").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_route() {
            let app = App::new()
                .route("/test", Method::GET, |_: HttpRequest| HttpResponse::Ok())
                .route("/test", Method::POST, |_: HttpRequest| {
                    HttpResponse::Created()
                })
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").method(Method::GET).request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
                .method(Method::POST)
                .request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
                .method(Method::HEAD)
                .request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_handler_prefix() {
            let app = App::new()
                .prefix("/app")
                .handler("/test", |_: &_| HttpResponse::Ok())
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/app").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/testapp").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/blah").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_option_responder() {
            let app = App::new()
                .resource("/none", |r| r.f(|_| -> Option<&'static str> { None }))
                .resource("/some", |r| r.f(|_| Some("some")))
                .finish();

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/none").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);

            let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/some").request();
            let resp = app.run(req);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
            assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().body(), &Body::Binary(Binary::Slice(b"some")));
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_filter() {
            let mut srv = TestServer::with_factory(|| {
                App::new()
                    .filter(pred::Get())
                    .handler("/test", |_: &_| HttpResponse::Ok())
            });

            let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
            let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let request = srv.post().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
            let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
        }

        #[test]
        fn test_prefix_root() {
            let mut srv = TestServer::with_factory(|| {
                App::new()
                    .prefix("/test")
                    .resource("/", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
                    .resource("", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Created()))
            });

            let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test/")).finish().unwrap();
            let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::OK);

            let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
            let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
            assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
        }

    }

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