review application section

content/docs/application.md

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ weight: 140
 It provides routing, middlewares, pre-processing of requests, post-processing of
 responses, etc.
 
-All `actix-web` servers are built around the `App` instance.  It is used for
+All `actix-web` servers are built around the [`App`][app] instance.  It is used for
 registering routes for resources and middlewares.  It also stores application
 state shared across all handlers within same scope.
 
-An application's `scope` acts as a namespace for all routes, i.e. all routes for a
+An application's [`scope`][scope] acts as a namespace for all routes, i.e. all routes for a
 specific application scope have the same url path prefix. The application prefix always
 contains a leading "/" slash.  If a supplied prefix does not contain leading slash,
 it is automatically inserted.  The prefix should consist of value path segments.
@@ -30,20 +30,11 @@ are created. This resource is available through the `/app/index.html` url.
 
 > For more information, check the [URL Dispatch][usingappprefix] section.
 
-Multiple application scopes can be served with one server:
-
-{{< include-example example="application" file="main.rs" section="multi" >}}
-
-All `/app1` requests route to the first application, `/app2` to the second, and all other to the third.
-**Applications get matched based on registration order**. If an application with a more generic
-prefix is registered before a less generic one, it would effectively block the less generic
-application matching. For example, if an `App` with the prefix `"/"` was registered
-as the first application, it would match all incoming requests.
-
 ## State
 
 Application state is shared with all routes and resources within the same scope. State
-can be accessed with the `web::Data<State>` extractor. State is also available for route matching guards and middlewares.
+can be accessed with the [`web::Data<T>`][data] extractor where `T` is type of state. State is
+also available for middlewares.
 
 Let's write a simple application and store the application name in the state:
 
@@ -53,6 +44,8 @@ and pass in the state when initializing the App, and start the application:
 
 {{< include-example example="application" file="state.rs" section="start_app" >}}
 
+Any number of state types could be registered within application.
+
 ## Shared Mutable State
 
 `HttpServer` accepts an application factory rather than an application instance.
@@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ Http server constructs an application instance for each thread, thus application
 constructed multiple times. If you want to share data between different threads, a shareable
 object should be used, e.g. Send + Sync.
 
-Internally, `web::Data` uses Arc. Thus, in order to avoid double Arc, we should create our Data before registering it using `register_data()`.
+Internally, [`web::Data`][data] uses Arc. Thus, in order to avoid double Arc, we should create our Data before registering it using [`App::app_data()`][appdata].
 
 In the following example, we will write an application with mutable, shared state. First, we define our state and create our handler:
 
@@ -70,15 +63,9 @@ and register the data in an App:
 
 {{< include-example example="application" file="state.rs" section="make_app_mutable" >}}
 
-## Combining applications with different state
-
-Combining multiple applications with different state is possible as well.
-
-{{< include-example example="application" file="combine.rs" section="combine" >}}
-
 ## Using an Application Scope to Compose Applications
 
-The `web::scope()` method allows to set a specific application prefix.  This scope represents
+The [`web::scope()`][webscope] method allows to set a specific application prefix.  This scope represents
 a resource prefix that will be prepended to all resource patterns added by the resource
 configuration. This can be used to help mount a set of routes at a different location
 than the included callable's author intended while still maintaining the same resource names.
@@ -90,7 +77,7 @@ For example:
 In the above example, the *show_users* route will have an effective route pattern of
 */users/show* instead of */show* because the application's scope argument will be prepended
 to the pattern. The route will then only match if the URL path is */users/show*,
-and when the `HttpRequest.url_for()` function is called with the route name show_users,
+and when the [`HttpRequest.url_for()`][urlfor] function is called with the route name show_users,
 it will generate a URL with that same path.
 
 ## Application guards and virtual hosting
@@ -107,7 +94,7 @@ filter based on request's header information.
 
 # Configure
 
-For simplicity and reusability both `App` and `web::scope` provide the `configure` method.
+For simplicity and reusability both [`App`][appconfig] and [`web::Scope`][webscopeconfig] provide the `configure` method.
 This function is useful for moving parts of configuration to a different module or even
 library. For example, some of the resource's configuration could be moved to different
 module.
@@ -121,11 +108,24 @@ The result of the above example would be:
 /app      -> "app"
 /api/test -> "test"
 ```
-
 Each `ServiceConfig` can have it's own `data`, `routes`, and `services`
 
+It is also possible to create application object in separate function.
+`App` type uses complex generics and result type have to use `impl Trait` feature.
+This could be useful for unit tests.
+
+{{< include-example example="application" file="config_app.rs" section="config" >}}
+
 [usingappprefix]: /docs/url-dispatch/index.html#using-an-application-prefix-to-compose-applications
 [stateexample]: https://github.com/actix/examples/blob/master/state/src/main.rs
 [guardtrait]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/guard/trait.Guard.html
 [guardfuncs]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/guard/index.html#functions
 [guardheader]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/guard/fn.Header.html
+[data]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/web/struct.Data.html
+[app]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.App.html
+[appconfig]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.App.html#method.configure
+[appdata]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.App.html#method.app_data
+[scope]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.Scope.html
+[webscopeconfig]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.Scope.html#method.configure
+[webscope]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/web/fn.scope.html
+[urlfor]: https://docs.rs/actix-web/2/actix_web/struct.HttpRequest.html#method.url_for

content/docs/getting-started.md

@@ -44,6 +44,10 @@ accepts a function that should return an application factory.
 That's it! Now, compile and run the program with `cargo run`.
 Head over to `http://localhost:8088/` to see the results.
 
+**Note**: You could notice `#[actix_rt::main]` attribute macro. This
+macro executes marked async function in actix runtime. Any async function
+could be marked and executed by this macro.
+
 ### Using Attribute Macros to Define Routes
 
 Alternatively, you can define routes using macro attributes which
@@ -71,5 +75,5 @@ that recompiles on demand. This isn't necessary, but it makes rapid prototyping
 more convenient as you can see changes instantly upon saving.
 To see how this can be accomplished, have a look at the [autoreload pattern][autoload].
 
-[actix-web-codegen]: https://docs.rs/actix-web-codegen/0.1.2/actix_web_codegen/
+[actix-web-codegen]: https://docs.rs/actix-web-codegen/
 [autoload]: ../autoreload/

examples/application/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ workspace = "../"
 [dependencies]
 actix-web = "2.0"
 actix-rt = "1.0"
+actix-service = "1.0"

examples/application/src/app.rs

@@ -5,11 +5,15 @@ async fn index() -> impl Responder {
     "Hello world!"
 }
 
-#[rustfmt::skip]
 #[actix_rt::main]
 async fn main() {
+    HttpServer::new(|| {
         App::new().service(
-        web::scope("/app")
-            .route("/index.html", web::get().to(index)));
+            web::scope("/app").route("/index.html", web::get().to(index)),
+        )
+    })
+    .bind("127.0.0.1:8088")?
+    .run()
+    .await
 }
 // </setup>

examples/application/src/config_app.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// <config>
+use actix_service::ServiceFactory;
+use actix_web::dev::{MessageBody, ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse};
+use actix_web::{web, App, Error, HttpResponse};
+
+fn create_app() -> App<
+    impl ServiceFactory<
+        Config = (),
+        Request = ServiceRequest,
+        Response = ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>,
+        Error = Error,
+    >,
+    impl MessageBody,
+> {
+    App::new().service(
+        web::scope("/app")
+            .route("/index.html", web::get().to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())),
+    )
+}
+// </config>

examples/application/src/main.rs

@@ -3,20 +3,26 @@ use actix_web::{web, App, HttpResponse};
 pub mod app;
 pub mod combine;
 pub mod config;
+pub mod config_app;
 pub mod scope;
 pub mod state;
 pub mod vh;
 
-#[rustfmt::skip]
 // <multi>
-fn main() {
+#[actix_rt::main]
+async fn main() {
+    HttpServer::new(|| {
         App::new()
             .service(
-            web::scope("/app1")
-                .route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())))
+                web::scope("/app1").route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())),
+            )
             .service(
-            web::scope("/app2")
-                .route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())))
-        .route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok()));
+                web::scope("/app2").route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())),
+            )
+            .route("/", web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    })
+    .bind("127.0.0.1:8088")?
+    .run()
+    .await
 }
 // </multi>

examples/application/src/state.rs

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ async fn _main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
         counter: Mutex::new(0),
     });
 
-    HttpServer::new(move || { // move counter into the closure
+    HttpServer::new(move || {
+        // move counter into the closure
         App::new()
             .app_data(counter.clone()) // <- register the created data
             .route("/", web::get().to(_index))

examples/rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-max_width = 89
+max_width = 79
 reorder_imports = true
-wrap_comments = true
 fn_args_density = "Compressed"
-#use_small_heuristics = false