diff --git a/async_pg/src/main.rs b/async_pg/src/main.rs
index c830b200..80d154aa 100644
--- a/async_pg/src/main.rs
+++ b/async_pg/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 mod config {
-    use serde::Deserialize;
     pub use ::config::ConfigError;
+    use serde::Deserialize;
     #[derive(Deserialize)]
     pub struct Config {
         pub server_addr: String,
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ mod errors {
         fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
             match *self {
                 MyError::NotFound => HttpResponse::NotFound().finish(),
-                MyError::PoolError(ref err) => HttpResponse::InternalServerError().body(err.to_string()),
+                MyError::PoolError(ref err) => {
+                    HttpResponse::InternalServerError().body(err.to_string())
+                }
                 _ => HttpResponse::InternalServerError().finish(),
             }
         }
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ mod handlers {
 
         let client: Client =
             db_pool.get().await.map_err(|err| MyError::PoolError(err))?;
-    
+
         let new_user = db::add_user(&client, user_info).await?;
 
         Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().json(new_user))
@@ -108,9 +110,8 @@ mod handlers {
 use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer};
 use dotenv::dotenv;
 use handlers::add_user;
-use tokio_postgres::NoTls;
 use tokio::signal::unix::{signal, SignalKind};
-
+use tokio_postgres::NoTls;
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
 async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
@@ -129,14 +130,14 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     println!("Server running at http://{}/", config.server_addr);
 
     let srv = server.clone();
-    let mut stream = signal(SignalKind::interrupt())?;	
+    let mut stream = signal(SignalKind::interrupt())?;
     actix_rt::spawn(async move {
         loop {
             stream.recv().await;
             println!("\nSIGINT Received.  Stopping server.\n");
             srv.stop(true).await;
         }
-	});
+    });
 
     server.await
 }
diff --git a/basics/src/main.rs b/basics/src/main.rs
index efd57f24..2fee54f5 100644
--- a/basics/src/main.rs
+++ b/basics/src/main.rs
@@ -92,13 +92,11 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
                     _ => HttpResponse::NotFound(),
                 }),
             )
-            .service(web::resource("/error").to(|| {
-                async {
-                    error::InternalError::new(
-                        io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "test"),
-                        StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    )
-                }
+            .service(web::resource("/error").to(|| async {
+                error::InternalError::new(
+                    io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "test"),
+                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+                )
             }))
             // static files
             .service(fs::Files::new("/static", "static").show_files_listing())
diff --git a/middleware/src/main.rs b/middleware/src/main.rs
index 1598a2a0..c2237beb 100644
--- a/middleware/src/main.rs
+++ b/middleware/src/main.rs
@@ -30,13 +30,11 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
                     res
                 })
             })
-            .service(web::resource("/login").to(|| {
-                async {
-                    "You are on /login. Go to src/redirect.rs to change this behavior."
-                }
+            .service(web::resource("/login").to(|| async {
+                "You are on /login. Go to src/redirect.rs to change this behavior."
             }))
-            .service(web::resource("/").to(|| {
-                async { "Hello, middleware! Check the console where the server is run." }
+            .service(web::resource("/").to(|| async {
+                "Hello, middleware! Check the console where the server is run."
             }))
     })
     .bind("127.0.0.1:8080")?
diff --git a/shutdown-server/src/main.rs b/shutdown-server/src/main.rs
index 962b5c20..72cb0f7e 100644
--- a/shutdown-server/src/main.rs
+++ b/shutdown-server/src/main.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-use std::{sync::mpsc, thread};
 use actix_web::{get, middleware, post, web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
 use futures::executor;
+use std::{sync::mpsc, thread};
 use tokio::signal::unix::{signal, SignalKind};
 
-
 #[get("/hello")]
 async fn hello() -> &'static str {
     "Hello world!"
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             println!("\n*** SIGINT received. Stopping server, gracefully. ***\n");
             stopper.send(()).unwrap();
         }
-	});
+    });
 
     // run server
     server.await