diff --git a/auth/casbin/src/main.rs b/auth/casbin/src/main.rs
index e4166e2..1858f20 100644
--- a/auth/casbin/src/main.rs
+++ b/auth/casbin/src/main.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,7 @@ use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use actix_web::{middleware, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
 
 /// simple handle
-async fn success(
-    enforcer: web::Data<RwLock<Enforcer>>,
-    req: HttpRequest,
-) -> HttpResponse {
+async fn success(enforcer: web::Data<RwLock<Enforcer>>, req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
     let mut e = enforcer.write().await;
     println!("{:?}", req);
     assert_eq!(vec!["data2_admin"], e.get_roles_for_user("alice", None));
diff --git a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/email_service.rs b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/email_service.rs
index 18be45c..bcd1db7 100644
--- a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/email_service.rs
+++ b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/email_service.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ static ref API_KEY: String = std::env::var("SPARKPOST_API_KEY").expect("SPARKPOS
 
 pub fn send_invitation(invitation: &Invitation) -> Result<(), ServiceError> {
     let tm = Transmission::new_eu(API_KEY.as_str());
-    let sending_email = std::env::var("SENDING_EMAIL_ADDRESS")
-        .expect("SENDING_EMAIL_ADDRESS must be set");
+    let sending_email =
+        std::env::var("SENDING_EMAIL_ADDRESS").expect("SENDING_EMAIL_ADDRESS must be set");
     // new email message with sender name and email
     let mut email = Message::new(EmailAddress::new(sending_email, "Let's Organise"));
 
diff --git a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/errors.rs b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/errors.rs
index fc64f60..9b7019d 100644
--- a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/errors.rs
+++ b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/errors.rs
@@ -20,14 +20,11 @@ pub enum ServiceError {
 impl ResponseError for ServiceError {
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
         match self {
-            ServiceError::InternalServerError => HttpResponse::InternalServerError()
-                .json("Internal Server Error, Please try later"),
-            ServiceError::BadRequest(ref message) => {
-                HttpResponse::BadRequest().json(message)
-            }
-            ServiceError::Unauthorized => {
-                HttpResponse::Unauthorized().json("Unauthorized")
+            ServiceError::InternalServerError => {
+                HttpResponse::InternalServerError().json("Internal Server Error, Please try later")
             }
+            ServiceError::BadRequest(ref message) => HttpResponse::BadRequest().json(message),
+            ServiceError::Unauthorized => HttpResponse::Unauthorized().json("Unauthorized"),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -47,8 +44,7 @@ impl From<DBError> for ServiceError {
         match error {
             DBError::DatabaseError(kind, info) => {
                 if let DatabaseErrorKind::UniqueViolation = kind {
-                    let message =
-                        info.details().unwrap_or_else(|| info.message()).to_string();
+                    let message = info.details().unwrap_or_else(|| info.message()).to_string();
                     return ServiceError::BadRequest(message);
                 }
                 ServiceError::InternalServerError
diff --git a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/invitation_handler.rs b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/invitation_handler.rs
index 52a4456..ed9c68c 100644
--- a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/invitation_handler.rs
+++ b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/invitation_handler.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ pub async fn post_invitation(
     pool: web::Data<Pool>,
 ) -> Result<HttpResponse, actix_web::Error> {
     // run diesel blocking code
-    web::block(move || create_invitation(invitation_data.into_inner().email, pool))
-        .await??;
+    web::block(move || create_invitation(invitation_data.into_inner().email, pool)).await??;
 
     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())
 }
@@ -30,10 +29,7 @@ fn create_invitation(
 }
 
 /// Diesel query
-fn query(
-    eml: String,
-    pool: web::Data<Pool>,
-) -> Result<Invitation, crate::errors::ServiceError> {
+fn query(eml: String, pool: web::Data<Pool>) -> Result<Invitation, crate::errors::ServiceError> {
     use crate::schema::invitations::dsl::invitations;
 
     let new_invitation: Invitation = eml.into();
diff --git a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/main.rs b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/main.rs
index bcdbf37..f137fac 100644
--- a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/main.rs
+++ b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/main.rs
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     let pool: models::Pool = r2d2::Pool::builder()
         .build(manager)
         .expect("Failed to create pool.");
-    let domain: String =
-        std::env::var("DOMAIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "localhost".to_string());
+    let domain: String = std::env::var("DOMAIN").unwrap_or_else(|_| "localhost".to_string());
 
     // Start http server
     HttpServer::new(move || {
diff --git a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/utils.rs b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/utils.rs
index 848efc3..2f7483a 100644
--- a/auth/simple-auth-server/src/utils.rs
+++ b/auth/simple-auth-server/src/utils.rs
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@ pub fn hash_password(password: &str) -> Result<String, ServiceError> {
 }
 
 pub fn verify(hash: &str, password: &str) -> Result<bool, ServiceError> {
-    argon2::verify_encoded_ext(hash, password.as_bytes(), SECRET_KEY.as_bytes(), &[])
-        .map_err(|err| {
+    argon2::verify_encoded_ext(hash, password.as_bytes(), SECRET_KEY.as_bytes(), &[]).map_err(
+        |err| {
             dbg!(err);
             ServiceError::Unauthorized
-        })
+        },
+    )
 }
diff --git a/basics/basics/src/main.rs b/basics/basics/src/main.rs
index 6b32566..a8186e8 100644
--- a/basics/basics/src/main.rs
+++ b/basics/basics/src/main.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use actix_web::{
         header::{self, ContentType},
         Method, StatusCode,
     },
-    middleware, web, App, Either, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder,
-    Result,
+    middleware, web, App, Either, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder, Result,
 };
 use async_stream::stream;
 
@@ -44,8 +43,7 @@ async fn welcome(req: HttpRequest, session: Session) -> Result<HttpResponse> {
 async fn default_handler(req_method: Method) -> Result<impl Responder> {
     match req_method {
         Method::GET => {
-            let file = NamedFile::open("static/404.html")?
-                .set_status_code(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+            let file = NamedFile::open("static/404.html")?.set_status_code(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
             Ok(Either::Left(file))
         }
         _ => Ok(Either::Right(HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed().finish())),
@@ -93,9 +91,7 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
             // with path parameters
             .service(web::resource("/user/{name}").route(web::get().to(with_param)))
             // async response body
-            .service(
-                web::resource("/async-body/{name}").route(web::get().to(response_body)),
-            )
+            .service(web::resource("/async-body/{name}").route(web::get().to(response_body)))
             .service(
                 web::resource("/test").to(|req: HttpRequest| match *req.method() {
                     Method::GET => HttpResponse::Ok(),
@@ -112,14 +108,14 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
             // static files
             .service(Files::new("/static", "static").show_files_listing())
             // redirect
-            .service(web::resource("/").route(web::get().to(
-                |req: HttpRequest| async move {
+            .service(
+                web::resource("/").route(web::get().to(|req: HttpRequest| async move {
                     println!("{:?}", req);
                     HttpResponse::Found()
                         .insert_header((header::LOCATION, "static/welcome.html"))
                         .finish()
-                },
-            )))
+                })),
+            )
             // default
             .default_service(web::to(default_handler))
     })
diff --git a/basics/error-handling/src/main.rs b/basics/error-handling/src/main.rs
index 5ea39f2..68ddcd0 100644
--- a/basics/error-handling/src/main.rs
+++ b/basics/error-handling/src/main.rs
@@ -93,8 +93,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     env_logger::init();
 
     HttpServer::new(move || {
-        App::new()
-            .service(web::resource("/something").route(web::get().to(do_something)))
+        App::new().service(web::resource("/something").route(web::get().to(do_something)))
     })
     .bind("127.0.0.1:8088")?
     .run()
diff --git a/basics/nested-routing/src/handlers/products.rs b/basics/nested-routing/src/handlers/products.rs
index 3dd3c94..1e59fb3 100644
--- a/basics/nested-routing/src/handlers/products.rs
+++ b/basics/nested-routing/src/handlers/products.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,11 @@ use actix_web::{web, Error, HttpResponse};
 
 use crate::common::{Part, Product};
 
-pub async fn get_products(
-    _query: web::Query<Option<Part>>,
-) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+pub async fn get_products(_query: web::Query<Option<Part>>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())
 }
 
-pub async fn add_product(
-    _new_product: web::Json<Product>,
-) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+pub async fn add_product(_new_product: web::Json<Product>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())
 }
 
diff --git a/basics/todo/src/api.rs b/basics/todo/src/api.rs
index dc66fb7..15f9431 100644
--- a/basics/todo/src/api.rs
+++ b/basics/todo/src/api.rs
@@ -49,10 +49,7 @@ pub async fn create(
     session: Session,
 ) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     if params.description.is_empty() {
-        session::set_flash(
-            &session,
-            FlashMessage::error("Description cannot be empty"),
-        )?;
+        session::set_flash(&session, FlashMessage::error("Description cannot be empty"))?;
         Ok(redirect_to("/"))
     } else {
         db::create_task(params.into_inner().description, &pool)
@@ -133,9 +130,7 @@ pub fn not_found<B>(res: dev::ServiceResponse<B>) -> Result<ErrorHandlerResponse
     Ok(ErrorHandlerResponse::Response(res.into_response(new_resp)))
 }
 
-pub fn internal_server_error<B>(
-    res: dev::ServiceResponse<B>,
-) -> Result<ErrorHandlerResponse<B>> {
+pub fn internal_server_error<B>(res: dev::ServiceResponse<B>) -> Result<ErrorHandlerResponse<B>> {
     let new_resp = NamedFile::open("static/errors/500.html")?
         .set_status_code(res.status())
         .into_response(res.request())
diff --git a/basics/todo/src/main.rs b/basics/todo/src/main.rs
index a5b6348..52a463e 100644
--- a/basics/todo/src/main.rs
+++ b/basics/todo/src/main.rs
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
     HttpServer::new(move || {
         log::debug!("Constructing the App");
 
-        let mut templates =
-            Tera::new("templates/**/*").expect("errors in tera templates");
+        let mut templates = Tera::new("templates/**/*").expect("errors in tera templates");
         templates.autoescape_on(vec!["tera"]);
 
         let session_store = CookieSession::signed(SESSION_SIGNING_KEY).secure(false);
diff --git a/basics/todo/src/model.rs b/basics/todo/src/model.rs
index b9fa582..4166233 100644
--- a/basics/todo/src/model.rs
+++ b/basics/todo/src/model.rs
@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ impl Task {
         Ok(tasks)
     }
 
-    pub async fn insert(
-        todo: NewTask,
-        connection: &SqlitePool,
-    ) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
+    pub async fn insert(todo: NewTask, connection: &SqlitePool) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
         sqlx::query!(
             r#"
             INSERT INTO tasks (description)
@@ -45,10 +42,7 @@ impl Task {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub async fn toggle_with_id(
-        id: i32,
-        connection: &SqlitePool,
-    ) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
+    pub async fn toggle_with_id(id: i32, connection: &SqlitePool) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
         sqlx::query!(
             r#"
             UPDATE tasks
@@ -63,10 +57,7 @@ impl Task {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub async fn delete_with_id(
-        id: i32,
-        connection: &SqlitePool,
-    ) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
+    pub async fn delete_with_id(id: i32, connection: &SqlitePool) -> Result<(), sqlx::Error> {
         sqlx::query!(
             r#"
             DELETE FROM tasks
diff --git a/databases/diesel/src/main.rs b/databases/diesel/src/main.rs
index 0211a8e..39655ab 100644
--- a/databases/diesel/src/main.rs
+++ b/databases/diesel/src/main.rs
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ async fn get_user(
     if let Some(user) = user {
         Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().json(user))
     } else {
-        let res = HttpResponse::NotFound()
-            .body(format!("No user found with uid: {}", user_uid));
+        let res = HttpResponse::NotFound().body(format!("No user found with uid: {}", user_uid));
         Ok(res)
     }
 }
diff --git a/databases/mongodb/src/main.rs b/databases/mongodb/src/main.rs
index 1aabb73..8dc22c5 100644
--- a/databases/mongodb/src/main.rs
+++ b/databases/mongodb/src/main.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ async fn add_user(client: web::Data<Client>, form: web::Form<User>) -> HttpRespo
 
 /// Gets the user with the supplied username.
 #[get("/get_user/{username}")]
-async fn get_user(
-    client: web::Data<Client>,
-    username: web::Path<String>,
-) -> HttpResponse {
+async fn get_user(client: web::Data<Client>, username: web::Path<String>) -> HttpResponse {
     let username = username.into_inner();
     let collection: Collection<User> = client.database(DB_NAME).collection(COLL_NAME);
     match collection
@@ -36,8 +33,9 @@ async fn get_user(
         .await
     {
         Ok(Some(user)) => HttpResponse::Ok().json(user),
-        Ok(None) => HttpResponse::NotFound()
-            .body(format!("No user found with username {}", username)),
+        Ok(None) => {
+            HttpResponse::NotFound().body(format!("No user found with username {}", username))
+        }
         Err(err) => HttpResponse::InternalServerError().body(err.to_string()),
     }
 }
@@ -59,8 +57,7 @@ async fn create_username_index(client: &Client) {
 
 #[actix_web::main]
 async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let uri = std::env::var("MONGODB_URI")
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "mongodb://localhost:27017".into());
+    let uri = std::env::var("MONGODB_URI").unwrap_or_else(|_| "mongodb://localhost:27017".into());
 
     let client = Client::with_uri_str(uri).await.expect("failed to connect");
     create_username_index(&client).await;
diff --git a/databases/mongodb/src/test.rs b/databases/mongodb/src/test.rs
index 9215a59..3a0b1c7 100644
--- a/databases/mongodb/src/test.rs
+++ b/databases/mongodb/src/test.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use super::*;
 #[actix_web::test]
 #[ignore = "requires MongoDB instance running"]
 async fn test() {
-    let uri = std::env::var("MONGODB_URI")
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_| "mongodb://localhost:27017".into());
+    let uri = std::env::var("MONGODB_URI").unwrap_or_else(|_| "mongodb://localhost:27017".into());
 
     let client = Client::with_uri_str(uri).await.expect("failed to connect");
 
diff --git a/databases/redis/src/main.rs b/databases/redis/src/main.rs
index 008f545..0f95ad2 100644
--- a/databases/redis/src/main.rs
+++ b/databases/redis/src/main.rs
@@ -46,9 +46,7 @@ async fn cache_stuff(
     }
 }
 
-async fn del_stuff(
-    redis: web::Data<Addr<RedisActor>>,
-) -> actix_web::Result<HttpResponse> {
+async fn del_stuff(redis: web::Data<Addr<RedisActor>>) -> actix_web::Result<HttpResponse> {
     let res = redis
         .send(Command(resp_array![
             "DEL",
diff --git a/databases/sqlite/src/main.rs b/databases/sqlite/src/main.rs
index 906692f..4b7641b 100644
--- a/databases/sqlite/src/main.rs
+++ b/databases/sqlite/src/main.rs
@@ -63,13 +63,8 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
             // store db pool as Data object
             .app_data(web::Data::new(pool.clone()))
             .wrap(middleware::Logger::default())
-            .service(
-                web::resource("/asyncio_weather").route(web::get().to(asyncio_weather)),
-            )
-            .service(
-                web::resource("/parallel_weather")
-                    .route(web::get().to(parallel_weather)),
-            )
+            .service(web::resource("/asyncio_weather").route(web::get().to(asyncio_weather)))
+            .service(web::resource("/parallel_weather").route(web::get().to(parallel_weather)))
     })
     .bind(("127.0.0.1", 8080))?
     .workers(2)
diff --git a/forms/form/src/main.rs b/forms/form/src/main.rs
index 6f7f1d1..547c09b 100644
--- a/forms/form/src/main.rs
+++ b/forms/form/src/main.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use actix_web::{
-    middleware, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder, Result,
-};
+use actix_web::{middleware, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder, Result};
 
 struct AppState {
     foo: String,
diff --git a/forms/multipart-s3/src/main.rs b/forms/multipart-s3/src/main.rs
index ff3edab..be6982b 100644
--- a/forms/multipart-s3/src/main.rs
+++ b/forms/multipart-s3/src/main.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ async fn save_file(mut payload: Multipart) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     //make key
     let s3_upload_key = format!("projects/{}/", "posts_id");
     //create tmp file and upload s3 and remove tmp file
-    let upload_files: Vec<UploadFile> =
-        upload_save_file(pl.1, s3_upload_key).await.unwrap();
+    let upload_files: Vec<UploadFile> = upload_save_file(pl.1, s3_upload_key).await.unwrap();
     println!("upload_files={:#?}", upload_files);
     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().into())
 }
@@ -79,8 +78,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
     dotenv().ok();
     env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::new().default_filter_or("info"));
 
-    let aws_access_key_id =
-        env::var("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID").expect("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID must be set");
+    let aws_access_key_id = env::var("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID").expect("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID must be set");
     let aws_secret_access_key =
         env::var("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY").expect("AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY must be set");
     let aws_s3_bucket_name =
diff --git a/graphql/async-graphql/src/main.rs b/graphql/async-graphql/src/main.rs
index fe2a04d..c23752e 100644
--- a/graphql/async-graphql/src/main.rs
+++ b/graphql/async-graphql/src/main.rs
@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ use self::star_wars::{QueryRoot, StarWars, StarWarsSchema};
 
 /// GraphQL endpoint
 #[route("/graphql", method = "GET", method = "POST")]
-async fn graphql(
-    schema: web::Data<StarWarsSchema>,
-    req: GraphQLRequest,
-) -> GraphQLResponse {
+async fn graphql(schema: web::Data<StarWarsSchema>, req: GraphQLRequest) -> GraphQLResponse {
     schema.execute(req.into_inner()).await.into()
 }
 
diff --git a/graphql/juniper/src/main.rs b/graphql/juniper/src/main.rs
index 3001903..40d6f8b 100644
--- a/graphql/juniper/src/main.rs
+++ b/graphql/juniper/src/main.rs
@@ -25,10 +25,7 @@ async fn graphql_playground() -> impl Responder {
 
 /// GraphQL endpoint
 #[route("/graphql", method = "GET", method = "POST")]
-async fn graphql(
-    st: web::Data<Schema>,
-    data: web::Json<GraphQLRequest>,
-) -> impl Responder {
+async fn graphql(st: web::Data<Schema>, data: web::Json<GraphQLRequest>) -> impl Responder {
     let user = data.execute(&st, &()).await;
     HttpResponse::Ok().json(user)
 }
diff --git a/http-proxy/src/main.rs b/http-proxy/src/main.rs
index 63d2a63..99edfec 100644
--- a/http-proxy/src/main.rs
+++ b/http-proxy/src/main.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
 
-use actix_web::{
-    error, middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer,
-};
+use actix_web::{error, middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
 use awc::Client;
 use clap::StructOpt;
 use url::Url;
@@ -23,9 +21,7 @@ async fn forward(
         .request_from(new_url.as_str(), req.head())
         .no_decompress();
     let forwarded_req = match req.head().peer_addr {
-        Some(addr) => {
-            forwarded_req.insert_header(("x-forwarded-for", format!("{}", addr.ip())))
-        }
+        Some(addr) => forwarded_req.insert_header(("x-forwarded-for", format!("{}", addr.ip()))),
         None => forwarded_req,
     };
 
@@ -37,9 +33,7 @@ async fn forward(
     let mut client_resp = HttpResponse::build(res.status());
     // Remove `Connection` as per
     // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Connection#Directives
-    for (header_name, header_value) in
-        res.headers().iter().filter(|(h, _)| *h != "connection")
-    {
+    for (header_name, header_value) in res.headers().iter().filter(|(h, _)| *h != "connection") {
         client_resp.insert_header((header_name.clone(), header_value.clone()));
     }
 
diff --git a/https-tls/awc-https/src/main.rs b/https-tls/awc-https/src/main.rs
index 4d2f851..e40038c 100644
--- a/https-tls/awc-https/src/main.rs
+++ b/https-tls/awc-https/src/main.rs
@@ -66,15 +66,13 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
 /// Create simple rustls client config from root certificates.
 fn rustls_config() -> ClientConfig {
     let mut root_store = RootCertStore::empty();
-    root_store.add_server_trust_anchors(webpki_roots::TLS_SERVER_ROOTS.0.iter().map(
-        |ta| {
-            OwnedTrustAnchor::from_subject_spki_name_constraints(
-                ta.subject,
-                ta.spki,
-                ta.name_constraints,
-            )
-        },
-    ));
+    root_store.add_server_trust_anchors(webpki_roots::TLS_SERVER_ROOTS.0.iter().map(|ta| {
+        OwnedTrustAnchor::from_subject_spki_name_constraints(
+            ta.subject,
+            ta.spki,
+            ta.name_constraints,
+        )
+    }));
 
     rustls::ClientConfig::builder()
         .with_safe_defaults()
diff --git a/https-tls/openssl-auto-le/src/main.rs b/https-tls/openssl-auto-le/src/main.rs
index 91c7a66..d2161ee 100644
--- a/https-tls/openssl-auto-le/src/main.rs
+++ b/https-tls/openssl-auto-le/src/main.rs
@@ -10,10 +10,7 @@ use openssl::{
     x509::X509,
 };
 
-pub async fn gen_tls_cert(
-    user_email: &str,
-    user_domain: &str,
-) -> anyhow::Result<Certificate> {
+pub async fn gen_tls_cert(user_email: &str, user_domain: &str) -> anyhow::Result<Certificate> {
     // Create acme-challenge dir.
     fs::create_dir("./acme-challenge").unwrap();
 
diff --git a/https-tls/rustls-client-cert/src/main.rs b/https-tls/rustls-client-cert/src/main.rs
index 778814d..42aab36 100644
--- a/https-tls/rustls-client-cert/src/main.rs
+++ b/https-tls/rustls-client-cert/src/main.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,11 @@ use std::{any::Any, env, fs::File, io::BufReader, net::SocketAddr};
 
 use actix_tls::accept::rustls::{reexports::ServerConfig, TlsStream};
 use actix_web::{
-    dev::Extensions, rt::net::TcpStream, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse,
-    HttpServer, Responder,
+    dev::Extensions, rt::net::TcpStream, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder,
 };
 use log::info;
 use rustls::{
-    server::AllowAnyAnonymousOrAuthenticatedClient, Certificate, PrivateKey,
-    RootCertStore,
+    server::AllowAnyAnonymousOrAuthenticatedClient, Certificate, PrivateKey, RootCertStore,
 };
 use rustls_pemfile::{certs, pkcs8_private_keys};
 
diff --git a/json/json-decode-error/src/main.rs b/json/json-decode-error/src/main.rs
index 71d0524..8094854 100644
--- a/json/json-decode-error/src/main.rs
+++ b/json/json-decode-error/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use actix_web::{
-    error, post, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder,
-};
+use actix_web::{error, post, web, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -18,9 +16,7 @@ fn json_error_handler(err: error::JsonPayloadError, _req: &HttpRequest) -> error
 
     let detail = err.to_string();
     let resp = match &err {
-        JsonPayloadError::ContentType => {
-            HttpResponse::UnsupportedMediaType().body(detail)
-        }
+        JsonPayloadError::ContentType => HttpResponse::UnsupportedMediaType().body(detail),
         JsonPayloadError::Deserialize(json_err) if json_err.is_data() => {
             HttpResponse::UnprocessableEntity().body(detail)
         }
diff --git a/json/json-error/src/main.rs b/json/json-error/src/main.rs
index 0bf3975..c15318c 100644
--- a/json/json-error/src/main.rs
+++ b/json/json-error/src/main.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ impl ResponseError for Error {
     // builds the actual response to send back when an error occurs
     fn error_response(&self) -> web::HttpResponse {
         let err_json = json!({ "error": self.msg });
-        web::HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::from_u16(self.status).unwrap())
-            .json(err_json)
+        web::HttpResponse::build(StatusCode::from_u16(self.status).unwrap()).json(err_json)
     }
 }
 
@@ -40,11 +39,9 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
     let ip_address = "127.0.0.1:8000";
     println!("Running server on {}", ip_address);
 
-    HttpServer::new(|| {
-        App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::get().to(index)))
-    })
-    .bind(ip_address)
-    .expect("Can not bind to port 8000")
-    .run()
-    .await
+    HttpServer::new(|| App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::get().to(index))))
+        .bind(ip_address)
+        .expect("Can not bind to port 8000")
+        .run()
+        .await
 }
diff --git a/json/json/src/main.rs b/json/json/src/main.rs
index f9b1f5a..1311424 100644
--- a/json/json/src/main.rs
+++ b/json/json/src/main.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use actix_web::{
-    error, middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer,
-};
+use actix_web::{error, middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
 use futures::StreamExt;
 use json::JsonValue;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
@@ -92,10 +90,9 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[actix_web::test]
     async fn test_index() {
-        let app = test::init_service(
-            App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::post().to(index))),
-        )
-        .await;
+        let app =
+            test::init_service(App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::post().to(index))))
+                .await;
 
         let req = test::TestRequest::post()
             .uri("/")
diff --git a/json/jsonrpc/src/main.rs b/json/jsonrpc/src/main.rs
index 18ea7a4..d288b34 100644
--- a/json/jsonrpc/src/main.rs
+++ b/json/jsonrpc/src/main.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,7 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 mod convention;
 
 /// The main handler for JSONRPC server.
-async fn rpc_handler(
-    body: Bytes,
-    app_state: web::Data<AppState>,
-) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+async fn rpc_handler(body: Bytes, app_state: web::Data<AppState>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     let reqjson: convention::Request = match serde_json::from_slice(body.as_ref()) {
         Ok(ok) => ok,
         Err(_) => {
@@ -90,10 +87,7 @@ async fn rpc_select(
 
 pub trait ImplNetwork {
     fn ping(&self) -> String;
-    fn wait(
-        &self,
-        d: u64,
-    ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>>>>>;
+    fn wait(&self, d: u64) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>>>>>;
 
     fn get(&self) -> u32;
     fn inc(&mut self);
@@ -114,10 +108,7 @@ impl ImplNetwork for ObjNetwork {
         String::from("pong")
     }
 
-    fn wait(
-        &self,
-        d: u64,
-    ) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>>>>> {
+    fn wait(&self, d: u64) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = Result<String, Box<dyn error::Error>>>>> {
         async move {
             actix_web::rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(d)).await;
             Ok(String::from("pong"))
diff --git a/middleware/middleware-http-to-https/src/main.rs b/middleware/middleware-http-to-https/src/main.rs
index eba165f..1ea570e 100644
--- a/middleware/middleware-http-to-https/src/main.rs
+++ b/middleware/middleware-http-to-https/src/main.rs
@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ use rustls_pemfile::{certs, pkcs8_private_keys};
 
 #[get("/")]
 async fn index() -> String {
-    String::from(
-        "<html><head><title>FOO BAR</title></head><body><h1>FOO BAR</h1></body></html>",
-    )
+    String::from("<html><head><title>FOO BAR</title></head><body><h1>FOO BAR</h1></body></html>")
 }
 
 #[actix_web::main]
diff --git a/middleware/middleware/src/main.rs b/middleware/middleware/src/main.rs
index 8f8dd94..66ec56d 100644
--- a/middleware/middleware/src/main.rs
+++ b/middleware/middleware/src/main.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,11 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             .service(web::resource("/login").to(|| async {
                 "You are on /login. Go to src/redirect.rs to change this behavior."
             }))
-            .service(web::resource("/").to(|| async {
-                "Hello, middleware! Check the console where the server is run."
-            }))
+            .service(
+                web::resource("/").to(|| async {
+                    "Hello, middleware! Check the console where the server is run."
+                }),
+            )
     })
     .bind(("127.0.0.1", 8080))?
     .run()
diff --git a/rustfmt.toml b/rustfmt.toml
index 94bd11d..44148a2 100644
--- a/rustfmt.toml
+++ b/rustfmt.toml
@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-max_width = 89
 reorder_imports = true
diff --git a/server-sent-events/src/broadcast.rs b/server-sent-events/src/broadcast.rs
index c0e41d5..7136e2f 100644
--- a/server-sent-events/src/broadcast.rs
+++ b/server-sent-events/src/broadcast.rs
@@ -37,10 +37,8 @@ impl Broadcaster {
 
     fn spawn_ping(me: Data<Mutex<Self>>) {
         actix_web::rt::spawn(async move {
-            let mut task = IntervalStream::new(interval_at(
-                Instant::now(),
-                Duration::from_secs(10),
-            ));
+            let mut task =
+                IntervalStream::new(interval_at(Instant::now(), Duration::from_secs(10)));
 
             while task.next().await.is_some() {
                 me.lock().remove_stale_clients();
@@ -85,10 +83,7 @@ pub struct Client(ReceiverStream<Bytes>);
 impl Stream for Client {
     type Item = Result<Bytes, Error>;
 
-    fn poll_next(
-        mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
+    fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
         match Pin::new(&mut self.0).poll_next(cx) {
             Poll::Ready(Some(v)) => Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(v))),
             Poll::Ready(None) => Poll::Ready(None),
diff --git a/server-sent-events/src/main.rs b/server-sent-events/src/main.rs
index 04d6821..4e5302d 100644
--- a/server-sent-events/src/main.rs
+++ b/server-sent-events/src/main.rs
@@ -46,10 +46,7 @@ async fn new_client(broadcaster: Data<Mutex<Broadcaster>>) -> impl Responder {
         .streaming(rx)
 }
 
-async fn broadcast(
-    msg: Path<String>,
-    broadcaster: Data<Mutex<Broadcaster>>,
-) -> impl Responder {
+async fn broadcast(msg: Path<String>, broadcaster: Data<Mutex<Broadcaster>>) -> impl Responder {
     broadcaster.lock().send(&msg.into_inner());
     HttpResponse::Ok().body("msg sent")
 }
diff --git a/templating/handlebars/src/main.rs b/templating/handlebars/src/main.rs
index 9975b70..2d5dca8 100644
--- a/templating/handlebars/src/main.rs
+++ b/templating/handlebars/src/main.rs
@@ -20,10 +20,7 @@ async fn index(hb: web::Data<Handlebars<'_>>) -> HttpResponse {
 }
 
 #[get("/{user}/{data}")]
-async fn user(
-    hb: web::Data<Handlebars<'_>>,
-    path: web::Path<(String, String)>,
-) -> HttpResponse {
+async fn user(hb: web::Data<Handlebars<'_>>, path: web::Path<(String, String)>) -> HttpResponse {
     let info = path.into_inner();
     let data = json!({
         "user": info.0,
@@ -72,10 +69,7 @@ fn not_found<B>(res: ServiceResponse<B>) -> Result<ErrorHandlerResponse<BoxBody>
 }
 
 // Generic error handler.
-fn get_error_response<B>(
-    res: &ServiceResponse<B>,
-    error: &str,
-) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
+fn get_error_response<B>(res: &ServiceResponse<B>, error: &str) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
     let request = res.request();
 
     // Provide a fallback to a simple plain text response in case an error occurs during the
diff --git a/templating/tera/src/main.rs b/templating/tera/src/main.rs
index 5e49583..a96e678 100644
--- a/templating/tera/src/main.rs
+++ b/templating/tera/src/main.rs
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
 
     println!("Listening on: 127.0.0.1:8080, open browser and visit have a try!");
     HttpServer::new(|| {
-        let tera =
-            Tera::new(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/templates/**/*")).unwrap();
+        let tera = Tera::new(concat!(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"), "/templates/**/*")).unwrap();
 
         App::new()
             .app_data(web::Data::new(tera))
diff --git a/templating/yarte/src/main.rs b/templating/yarte/src/main.rs
index 2ad1091..79059ce 100644
--- a/templating/yarte/src/main.rs
+++ b/templating/yarte/src/main.rs
@@ -13,9 +13,7 @@ impl ResponseError for MyErr {}
 
 #[allow(unused_must_use)] // ywrite_min causes warning: unused borrow that must be used
 #[get("/")]
-async fn index(
-    query: web::Query<HashMap<String, String>>,
-) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+async fn index(query: web::Query<HashMap<String, String>>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
     // `ywrite_min` is work in progress check your templates before put in production
     // or use `ywrite_html`
     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
diff --git a/unix-socket/src/main.rs b/unix-socket/src/main.rs
index bbaf4fc..9c6a923 100644
--- a/unix-socket/src/main.rs
+++ b/unix-socket/src/main.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
         App::new()
             // enable logger - always register Actix Web Logger middleware last
             .wrap(middleware::Logger::default())
-            .service(
-                web::resource("/index.html")
-                    .route(web::get().to(|| async { "Hello world!" })),
-            )
+            .service(web::resource("/index.html").route(web::get().to(|| async { "Hello world!" })))
             .service(web::resource("/").to(index))
     })
     .bind_uds("/tmp/actix-uds.socket")?
diff --git a/websockets/autobahn/src/main.rs b/websockets/autobahn/src/main.rs
index 8919c81..670b497 100644
--- a/websockets/autobahn/src/main.rs
+++ b/websockets/autobahn/src/main.rs
@@ -14,11 +14,7 @@ impl Actor for AutobahnWebSocket {
 }
 
 impl StreamHandler<Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>> for AutobahnWebSocket {
-    fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>,
-        ctx: &mut Self::Context,
-    ) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
         if let Ok(msg) = msg {
             match msg {
                 ws::Message::Text(text) => ctx.text(text),
diff --git a/websockets/chat-broker/src/main.rs b/websockets/chat-broker/src/main.rs
index 13f9969..8f4a2b5 100644
--- a/websockets/chat-broker/src/main.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat-broker/src/main.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 use actix_files::{Files, NamedFile};
-use actix_web::{
-    middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpServer, Responder,
-};
+use actix_web::{middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpServer, Responder};
 use actix_web_actors::ws;
 
 mod message;
@@ -14,10 +12,7 @@ async fn index() -> impl Responder {
     NamedFile::open_async("./static/index.html").await.unwrap()
 }
 
-async fn chat_ws(
-    req: HttpRequest,
-    stream: web::Payload,
-) -> Result<impl Responder, Error> {
+async fn chat_ws(req: HttpRequest, stream: web::Payload) -> Result<impl Responder, Error> {
     ws::start(WsChatSession::default(), &req, stream)
 }
 
diff --git a/websockets/chat-broker/src/server.rs b/websockets/chat-broker/src/server.rs
index a2c3327..f27793e 100644
--- a/websockets/chat-broker/src/server.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat-broker/src/server.rs
@@ -20,12 +20,7 @@ impl WsChatServer {
         Some(room)
     }
 
-    fn add_client_to_room(
-        &mut self,
-        room_name: &str,
-        id: Option<usize>,
-        client: Client,
-    ) -> usize {
+    fn add_client_to_room(&mut self, room_name: &str, id: Option<usize>, client: Client) -> usize {
         let mut id = id.unwrap_or_else(rand::random::<usize>);
 
         if let Some(room) = self.rooms.get_mut(room_name) {
@@ -50,12 +45,7 @@ impl WsChatServer {
         id
     }
 
-    fn send_chat_message(
-        &mut self,
-        room_name: &str,
-        msg: &str,
-        _src: usize,
-    ) -> Option<()> {
+    fn send_chat_message(&mut self, room_name: &str, msg: &str, _src: usize) -> Option<()> {
         let mut room = self.take_room(room_name)?;
 
         for (id, client) in room.drain() {
diff --git a/websockets/chat-broker/src/session.rs b/websockets/chat-broker/src/session.rs
index 5a22323..84afc7d 100644
--- a/websockets/chat-broker/src/session.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat-broker/src/session.rs
@@ -101,11 +101,7 @@ impl Handler<ChatMessage> for WsChatSession {
 }
 
 impl StreamHandler<Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>> for WsChatSession {
-    fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>,
-        ctx: &mut Self::Context,
-    ) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
         let msg = match msg {
             Err(_) => {
                 ctx.stop();
diff --git a/websockets/chat-tcp/src/codec.rs b/websockets/chat-tcp/src/codec.rs
index daa369c..e02dc9f 100644
--- a/websockets/chat-tcp/src/codec.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat-tcp/src/codec.rs
@@ -68,11 +68,7 @@ impl Decoder for ChatCodec {
 impl Encoder<ChatResponse> for ChatCodec {
     type Error = io::Error;
 
-    fn encode(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: ChatResponse,
-        dst: &mut BytesMut,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    fn encode(&mut self, msg: ChatResponse, dst: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         let msg = json::to_string(&msg).unwrap();
         let msg_ref: &[u8] = msg.as_ref();
 
@@ -112,11 +108,7 @@ impl Decoder for ClientChatCodec {
 impl Encoder<ChatRequest> for ClientChatCodec {
     type Error = io::Error;
 
-    fn encode(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: ChatRequest,
-        dst: &mut BytesMut,
-    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+    fn encode(&mut self, msg: ChatRequest, dst: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         let msg = json::to_string(&msg).unwrap();
         let msg_ref: &[u8] = msg.as_ref();
 
diff --git a/websockets/chat-tcp/src/main.rs b/websockets/chat-tcp/src/main.rs
index 166e35b..6d3f80e 100644
--- a/websockets/chat-tcp/src/main.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat-tcp/src/main.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use actix::prelude::*;
 use actix_files::NamedFile;
-use actix_web::{
-    middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpServer, Responder,
-};
+use actix_web::{middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpServer, Responder};
 use actix_web_actors::ws;
 
 mod codec;
@@ -103,11 +101,7 @@ impl Handler<session::Message> for WsChatSession {
 
 /// WebSocket message handler
 impl StreamHandler<Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>> for WsChatSession {
-    fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>,
-        ctx: &mut Self::Context,
-    ) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
         let msg = match msg {
             Err(_) => {
                 ctx.stop();
diff --git a/websockets/chat/src/main.rs b/websockets/chat/src/main.rs
index e7f4b2e..13ddcdb 100644
--- a/websockets/chat/src/main.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat/src/main.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ use std::{
 use actix::*;
 use actix_files::{Files, NamedFile};
 use actix_web::{
-    middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer,
-    Responder,
+    middleware::Logger, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder,
 };
 use actix_web_actors::ws;
 
diff --git a/websockets/chat/src/session.rs b/websockets/chat/src/session.rs
index a521d03..8594711 100644
--- a/websockets/chat/src/session.rs
+++ b/websockets/chat/src/session.rs
@@ -105,11 +105,7 @@ impl Handler<server::Message> for WsChatSession {
 
 /// WebSocket message handler
 impl StreamHandler<Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>> for WsChatSession {
-    fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>,
-        ctx: &mut Self::Context,
-    ) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
         let msg = match msg {
             Err(_) => {
                 ctx.stop();
diff --git a/websockets/echo/src/main.rs b/websockets/echo/src/main.rs
index f6a5153..5a06497 100644
--- a/websockets/echo/src/main.rs
+++ b/websockets/echo/src/main.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 //! Open `http://localhost:8080/` in browser to test.
 
 use actix_files::NamedFile;
-use actix_web::{
-    middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder,
-};
+use actix_web::{middleware, web, App, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpServer, Responder};
 use actix_web_actors::ws;
 
 mod server;
diff --git a/websockets/echo/src/server.rs b/websockets/echo/src/server.rs
index 8503196..f1bf818 100644
--- a/websockets/echo/src/server.rs
+++ b/websockets/echo/src/server.rs
@@ -55,11 +55,7 @@ impl Actor for MyWebSocket {
 
 /// Handler for `ws::Message`
 impl StreamHandler<Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>> for MyWebSocket {
-    fn handle(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>,
-        ctx: &mut Self::Context,
-    ) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, msg: Result<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError>, ctx: &mut Self::Context) {
         // process websocket messages
         println!("WS: {:?}", msg);
         match msg {