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126 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
126 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
# actix-session
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> Session management for Actix Web.
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<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
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[](https://crates.io/crates/actix-session)
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[](https://docs.rs/actix-session/0.10.1)
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[](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-session/0.10.1)
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<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
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<!-- cargo-rdme start -->
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Session management for Actix Web.
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The HTTP protocol, at a first glance, is stateless: the client sends a request, the server parses its content, performs some processing and returns a response. The outcome is only influenced by the provided inputs (i.e. the request content) and whatever state the server queries while performing its processing.
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Stateless systems are easier to reason about, but they are not quite as powerful as we need them to be - e.g. how do you authenticate a user? The user would be forced to authenticate **for every single request**. That is, for example, how 'Basic' Authentication works. While it may work for a machine user (i.e. an API client), it is impractical for a person—you do not want a login prompt on every single page you navigate to!
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There is a solution - **sessions**. Using sessions the server can attach state to a set of requests coming from the same client. They are built on top of cookies - the server sets a cookie in the HTTP response (`Set-Cookie` header), the client (e.g. the browser) will store the cookie and play it back to the server when sending new requests (using the `Cookie` header).
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We refer to the cookie used for sessions as a **session cookie**. Its content is called **session key** (or **session ID**), while the state attached to the session is referred to as **session state**.
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`actix-session` provides an easy-to-use framework to manage sessions in applications built on top of Actix Web. [`SessionMiddleware`] is the middleware underpinning the functionality provided by `actix-session`; it takes care of all the session cookie handling and instructs the **storage backend** to create/delete/update the session state based on the operations performed against the active [`Session`].
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`actix-session` provides some built-in storage backends: ([`CookieSessionStore`], [`RedisSessionStore`]) - you can create a custom storage backend by implementing the [`SessionStore`] trait.
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Further reading on sessions:
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- [RFC 6265](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6265);
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- [OWASP's session management cheat-sheet](https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Session_Management_Cheat_Sheet.html).
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## Getting started
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To start using sessions in your Actix Web application you must register [`SessionMiddleware`] as a middleware on your `App`:
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```rust
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use actix_web::{web, App, HttpServer, HttpResponse, Error};
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use actix_session::{Session, SessionMiddleware, storage::RedisSessionStore};
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use actix_web::cookie::Key;
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#[actix_web::main]
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async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
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// When using `Key::generate()` it is important to initialize outside of the
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// `HttpServer::new` closure. When deployed the secret key should be read from a
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// configuration file or environment variables.
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let secret_key = Key::generate();
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let redis_store = RedisSessionStore::new("redis://127.0.0.1:6379")
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.await
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.unwrap();
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HttpServer::new(move ||
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App::new()
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// Add session management to your application using Redis for session state storage
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.wrap(
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SessionMiddleware::new(
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redis_store.clone(),
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secret_key.clone(),
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)
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)
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.default_service(web::to(|| HttpResponse::Ok())))
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.bind(("127.0.0.1", 8080))?
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.run()
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.await
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}
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```
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The session state can be accessed and modified by your request handlers using the [`Session`] extractor. Note that this doesn't work in the stream of a streaming response.
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```rust
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use actix_web::Error;
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use actix_session::Session;
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fn index(session: Session) -> Result<&'static str, Error> {
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// access the session state
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if let Some(count) = session.get::<i32>("counter")? {
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println!("SESSION value: {}", count);
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// modify the session state
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session.insert("counter", count + 1)?;
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} else {
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session.insert("counter", 1)?;
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}
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Ok("Welcome!")
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}
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```
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## Choosing A Backend
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By default, `actix-session` does not provide any storage backend to retrieve and save the state attached to your sessions. You can enable:
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- a purely cookie-based "backend", [`CookieSessionStore`], using the `cookie-session` feature flag.
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```console
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cargo add actix-session --features=cookie-session
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```
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- a Redis-based backend via the [`redis`] crate, [`RedisSessionStore`], using the `redis-session` feature flag.
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```console
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cargo add actix-session --features=redis-session
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```
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Add the `redis-session-native-tls` feature flag if you want to connect to Redis using a secure connection (via the `native-tls` crate):
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```console
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cargo add actix-session --features=redis-session-native-tls
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```
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If you, instead, prefer depending on `rustls`, use the `redis-session-rustls` feature flag:
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```console
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cargo add actix-session --features=redis-session-rustls
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```
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You can implement your own session storage backend using the [`SessionStore`] trait.
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[`SessionStore`]: storage::SessionStore
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[`CookieSessionStore`]: storage::CookieSessionStore
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[`RedisSessionStore`]: storage::RedisSessionStore
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<!-- cargo-rdme end -->
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