prepare release

Include mention of http client in README.md

.appveyor.yml

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ environment:
   matrix:
     # Stable channel
     - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
-      CHANNEL: 1.21.0
+      CHANNEL: 1.24.0
     - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      CHANNEL: 1.21.0
+      CHANNEL: 1.24.0
     - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-      CHANNEL: 1.21.0
+      CHANNEL: 1.24.0
     - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      CHANNEL: 1.21.0
+      CHANNEL: 1.24.0
     # Stable channel
     - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
       CHANNEL: stable
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ environment:
       CHANNEL: beta
     # Nightly channel
     - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-gnu
-      CHANNEL: nightly-2017-12-21
+      CHANNEL: nightly
     - TARGET: i686-pc-windows-msvc
-      CHANNEL: nightly-2017-12-21
+      CHANNEL: nightly
     - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
-      CHANNEL: nightly-2017-12-21
+      CHANNEL: nightly
     - TARGET: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
-      CHANNEL: nightly-2017-12-21
+      CHANNEL: nightly
 
 # Install Rust and Cargo
 # (Based on from https://github.com/rust-lang/libc/blob/master/appveyor.yml)
@@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ build: false
 
 # Equivalent to Travis' `script` phase
 test_script:
-  - cargo test --no-default-features
+  - cargo test --no-default-features --features="flate2-rust"

.travis.yml

@@ -8,19 +8,13 @@ cache:
 
 matrix:
   include:
-    - rust: 1.21.0
+    - rust: 1.24.0
     - rust: stable
     - rust: beta
     - rust: nightly
   allow_failures:
     - rust: nightly
 
-#rust:
-#  - 1.21.0
-#  - stable
-#  - beta
-#  - nightly-2018-01-03
-
 env:
   global:
     # - RUSTFLAGS="-C link-dead-code"
@@ -37,24 +31,25 @@ before_script:
 
 script:
   - |
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" != "beta" ]]; then
     cargo clean
     cargo test --features="alpn,tls" -- --nocapture
+    fi
+  - |
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "beta" ]]; then
+    bash <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xd009642/tarpaulin/master/travis-install.sh)
+    USE_SKEPTIC=1 cargo tarpaulin --out Xml --no-count
+    bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+    echo "Uploaded code coverage"
+    fi
 
 # Upload docs
 after_success:
   - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" && "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" = "false" && "$TRAVIS_BRANCH" == "master" && "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "beta" ]]; then
+    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" && "$TRAVIS_PULL_REQUEST" = "false" && "$TRAVIS_BRANCH" == "master" && "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "stable" ]]; then
       cargo doc --features "alpn, tls, session" --no-deps &&
       echo "<meta http-equiv=refresh content=0;url=os_balloon/index.html>" > target/doc/index.html &&
       git clone https://github.com/davisp/ghp-import.git &&
       ./ghp-import/ghp_import.py -n -p -f -m "Documentation upload" -r https://"$GH_TOKEN"@github.com/"$TRAVIS_REPO_SLUG.git" target/doc &&
       echo "Uploaded documentation"
     fi
-
-  - |
-    if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" && "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION" == "nightly" ]]; then
-      bash <(curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xd009642/tarpaulin/master/travis-install.sh)
-      USE_SKEPTIC=1 cargo tarpaulin --out Xml
-      bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
-      echo "Uploaded code coverage"
-    fi

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,5 +1,81 @@
 # Changes
 
+## 0.6.5 (2018-05-15)
+
+* Fix error handling during request decoding #222
+
+
+## 0.6.4 (2018-05-11)
+
+* Fix segfault in ServerSettings::get_response_builder()
+
+
+## 0.6.3 (2018-05-10)
+
+* Add `Router::with_async()` method for async handler registration.
+
+* Added error response functions for 501,502,503,504
+
+* Fix client request timeout handling
+
+
+## 0.6.2 (2018-05-09)
+
+* WsWriter trait is optional.
+
+
+## 0.6.1 (2018-05-08)
+
+* Fix http/2 payload streaming #215
+
+* Fix connector's default `keep-alive` and `lifetime` settings #212
+
+* Send `ErrorNotFound` instead of `ErrorBadRequest` when path extractor fails #214
+
+* Allow to exclude certain endpoints from logging #211
+
+
+## 0.6.0 (2018-05-08)
+
+* Add route scopes #202
+
+* Allow to use ssl and non-ssl connections at the same time #206
+
+* Websocket CloseCode Empty/Status is ambiguous #193
+
+* Add Content-Disposition to NamedFile #204
+
+* Allow to access Error's backtrace object
+
+* Allow to override files listing renderer for `StaticFiles` #203
+
+* Various extractor usability improvements #207
+
+
+## 0.5.6 (2018-04-24)
+
+* Make flate2 crate optional #200
+
+
+## 0.5.5 (2018-04-24)
+
+* Fix panic when Websocket is closed with no error code #191
+
+* Allow to use rust backend for flate2 crate #199
+
+## 0.5.4 (2018-04-19)
+
+* Add identity service middleware
+
+* Middleware response() is not invoked if there was an error in async handler #187
+
+* Use Display formatting for InternalError Display implementation #188
+
+
+## 0.5.3 (2018-04-18)
+
+* Impossible to quote slashes in path parameters #182
+
 
 ## 0.5.2 (2018-04-16)
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-web"
-version = "0.5.2"
+version = "0.6.5"
 authors = ["Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust."
 readme = "README.md"
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ name = "actix_web"
 path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [features]
-default = ["session", "brotli"]
+default = ["session", "brotli", "flate2-c"]
 
 # tls
 tls = ["native-tls", "tokio-tls"]
@@ -34,19 +34,24 @@ tls = ["native-tls", "tokio-tls"]
 # openssl
 alpn = ["openssl", "tokio-openssl"]
 
-# sessions
+# sessions feature, session require "ring" crate and c compiler
 session = ["cookie/secure"]
 
-# brotli encoding
+# brotli encoding, requires c compiler
 brotli = ["brotli2"]
 
+# miniz-sys backend for flate2 crate
+flate2-c = ["flate2/miniz-sys"]
+
+# rust backend for flate2 crate
+flate2-rust = ["flate2/rust_backend"]
+
 [dependencies]
 actix = "^0.5.5"
 
 base64 = "0.9"
 bitflags = "1.0"
 failure = "0.1.1"
-flate2 = "1.0"
 h2 = "0.1"
 http = "^0.1.5"
 httparse = "1.2"
@@ -58,7 +63,7 @@ mime_guess = "2.0.0-alpha"
 num_cpus = "1.0"
 percent-encoding = "1.0"
 rand = "0.4"
-regex = "0.2"
+regex = "1.0"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.5"
@@ -71,6 +76,7 @@ lazy_static = "1.0"
 url = { version="1.7", features=["query_encoding"] }
 cookie = { version="0.10", features=["percent-encode"] }
 brotli2 = { version="^0.3.2", optional = true }
+flate2 = { version="1.0", optional = true, default-features = false }
 
 # io
 mio = "^0.6.13"
@@ -79,9 +85,9 @@ bytes = "0.4"
 byteorder = "1"
 futures = "0.1"
 futures-cpupool = "0.1"
+slab = "0.4"
 tokio-io = "0.1"
 tokio-core = "0.1"
-trust-dns-resolver = "0.8"
 
 # native-tls
 native-tls = { version="0.1", optional = true }

MIGRATION-0.4-0.5.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Migration from 0.4 to 0.5
-
-* `HttpResponseBuilder::body()`, `.finish()`, `.json()`
-   methods return `HttpResponse` instead of `Result<HttpResponse>`
-
-* `actix_web::Method`, `actix_web::StatusCode`, `actix_web::Version`
-   moved to `actix_web::http` module
-
-* `actix_web::header` moved to `actix_web::http::header`
-
-* `NormalizePath` moved to `actix_web::http` module
-
-* `HttpServer` moved to `actix_web::server`, added new `actix_web::server::new()` function,
-  shortcut for `actix_web::server::HttpServer::new()`
-
-* `DefaultHeaders` middleware does not use separate builder, all builder methods moved to type itself
-
-* `StaticFiles::new()`'s show_index parameter removed, use `show_files_listing()` method instead.
-
-* `CookieSessionBackendBuilder` removed, all methods moved to `CookieSessionBackend` type
-
-* `actix_web::httpcodes` module is deprecated, `HttpResponse::Ok()`, `HttpResponse::Found()` and other `HttpResponse::XXX()`
-   functions should be used instead
-
-* `ClientRequestBuilder::body()` returns `Result<_, actix_web::Error>`
-  instead of `Result<_, http::Error>`
-
-* `Application` renamed to a `App`
-
-* `actix_web::Reply`, `actix_web::Resource` moved to `actix_web::dev`

MIGRATION.md

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+## Migration from 0.5 to 0.6
+
+* `Path<T>` extractor return `ErrorNotFound` on failure instead of `ErrorBadRequest`
+
+* `ws::Message::Close` now includes optional close reason.
+  `ws::CloseCode::Status` and `ws::CloseCode::Empty` have been removed.
+
+* `HttpServer::threads()` renamed to `HttpServer::workers()`.
+
+* `HttpServer::start_ssl()` and `HttpServer::start_tls()` deprecated.
+  Use `HttpServer::bind_ssl()` and `HttpServer::bind_tls()` instead.
+
+* `HttpRequest::extensions()` returns read only reference to the request's Extension
+  `HttpRequest::extensions_mut()` returns mutable reference.
+
+* Instead of 
+
+   `use actix_web::middleware::{
+        CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError, RequestSession,
+        Session, SessionBackend, SessionImpl, SessionStorage};`
+                                
+  use `actix_web::middleware::session`
+
+   `use actix_web::middleware::session{CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError,
+        RequestSession, Session, SessionBackend, SessionImpl, SessionStorage};`
+
+* `FromRequest::from_request()` accepts mutable reference to a request
+
+* `FromRequest::Result` has to implement `Into<Reply<Self>>`
+
+* [`Responder::respond_to()`](
+  https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/trait.Responder.html#tymethod.respond_to)
+  is generic over `S`
+
+*  Use `Query` extractor instead of HttpRequest::query()`.
+
+   ```rust
+   fn index(q: Query<HashMap<String, String>>) -> Result<..> {
+       ...
+   }
+   ```
+
+   or
+
+   ```rust
+   let q = Query::<HashMap<String, String>>::extract(req);
+   ```
+
+* Websocket operations are implemented as `WsWriter` trait.
+  you need to use `use actix_web::ws::WsWriter`
+
+
+## Migration from 0.4 to 0.5
+
+* `HttpResponseBuilder::body()`, `.finish()`, `.json()`
+   methods return `HttpResponse` instead of `Result<HttpResponse>`
+
+* `actix_web::Method`, `actix_web::StatusCode`, `actix_web::Version`
+   moved to `actix_web::http` module
+
+* `actix_web::header` moved to `actix_web::http::header`
+
+* `NormalizePath` moved to `actix_web::http` module
+
+* `HttpServer` moved to `actix_web::server`, added new `actix_web::server::new()` function,
+  shortcut for `actix_web::server::HttpServer::new()`
+
+* `DefaultHeaders` middleware does not use separate builder, all builder methods moved to type itself
+
+* `StaticFiles::new()`'s show_index parameter removed, use `show_files_listing()` method instead.
+
+* `CookieSessionBackendBuilder` removed, all methods moved to `CookieSessionBackend` type
+
+* `actix_web::httpcodes` module is deprecated, `HttpResponse::Ok()`, `HttpResponse::Found()` and other `HttpResponse::XXX()`
+   functions should be used instead
+
+* `ClientRequestBuilder::body()` returns `Result<_, actix_web::Error>`
+  instead of `Result<_, http::Error>`
+
+* `Application` renamed to a `App`
+
+* `actix_web::Reply`, `actix_web::Resource` moved to `actix_web::dev`

README.md

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 
 Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
 
-* Supported *HTTP/1.x* and [*HTTP/2.0*](https://actix.rs/actix-web/guide/qs_13.html) protocols
+* Supported *HTTP/1.x* and [*HTTP/2.0*](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-12-http2.html) protocols
 * Streaming and pipelining
 * Keep-alive and slow requests handling
-* Client/server [WebSockets](https://actix.rs/actix-web/guide/qs_9.html) support
+* Client/server [WebSockets](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-11-websockets.html) support
 * Transparent content compression/decompression (br, gzip, deflate)
-* Configurable [request routing](https://actix.rs/actix-web/guide/qs_5.html)
+* Configurable [request routing](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-6-url-dispatch.html)
 * Graceful server shutdown
 * Multipart streams
 * Static assets
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
   [DefaultHeaders](https://actix.rs/book/actix-web/sec-9-middlewares.html#default-headers),
   [CORS](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/middleware/cors/index.html),
   [CSRF](https://actix.rs/actix-web/actix_web/middleware/csrf/index.html))
+* Includes an asynchronous [HTTP client](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/blob/master/src/client/mod.rs)
 * Built on top of [Actix actor framework](https://github.com/actix/actix)
 
 ## Documentation & community resources
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ Actix web is a simple, pragmatic and extremely fast web framework for Rust.
 * [API Documentation (Releases)](https://docs.rs/actix-web/)
 * [Chat on gitter](https://gitter.im/actix/actix)
 * Cargo package: [actix-web](https://crates.io/crates/actix-web)
-* Minimum supported Rust version: 1.21 or later
+* Minimum supported Rust version: 1.24 or later
 
 ## Example
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ extern crate actix_web;
 use actix_web::{http, server, App, Path};
 
 fn index(info: Path<(u32, String)>) -> String {
-    format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.0, info.1)
+    format!("Hello {}! id:{}", info.1, info.0)
 }
 
 fn main() {
@@ -54,9 +55,11 @@ fn main() {
 * [Stateful](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/state/)
 * [Protobuf support](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/protobuf/)
 * [Multipart streams](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/multipart/)
-* [Simple websocket session](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/websocket/)
-* [Tera templates](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/template_tera/)
+* [Simple websocket](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/websocket/)
+* [Tera](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/template_tera/) / 
+  [Askama](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/template_askama/) templates
 * [Diesel integration](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/diesel/)
+* [r2d2](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/r2d2/)
 * [SSL / HTTP/2.0](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/tls/)
 * [Tcp/Websocket chat](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/websocket-chat/)
 * [Json](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/json/)

build.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 extern crate version_check;
 
 fn main() {
+    match version_check::is_min_version("1.26.0") {
+        Some((true, _)) => println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=actix_impl_trait"),
+        _ => (),
+    };
     match version_check::is_nightly() {
-        Some(true) => println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=actix_nightly"),
+        Some(true) => {
+            println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=actix_nightly");
+            println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=actix_impl_trait");
+        }
         Some(false) => (),
         None => (),
     };

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 max_width = 89
 reorder_imports = true
-reorder_imports_in_group = true
-reorder_imported_names = true
 wrap_comments = true
 fn_args_density = "Compressed"
 #use_small_heuristics = false

src/application.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use handler::Reply;
-use handler::{FromRequest, Handler, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
+use handler::{AsyncResult, FromRequest, Handler, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
 use http::Method;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
+use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middleware::Middleware;
 use pipeline::{HandlerType, Pipeline, PipelineHandler};
+use pred::Predicate;
 use resource::ResourceHandler;
 use router::{Resource, Router};
+use scope::Scope;
 use server::{HttpHandler, HttpHandlerTask, IntoHttpHandler, ServerSettings};
 
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `actix_web::App` instead")]
-pub type Application<S> = App<S>;
-
 /// Application
 pub struct HttpApplication<S = ()> {
     state: Rc<S>,
@@ -32,7 +30,12 @@ pub(crate) struct Inner<S> {
     default: ResourceHandler<S>,
     encoding: ContentEncoding,
     resources: Vec<ResourceHandler<S>>,
-    handlers: Vec<(String, Box<RouteHandler<S>>)>,
+    handlers: Vec<PrefixHandlerType<S>>,
+}
+
+enum PrefixHandlerType<S> {
+    Handler(String, Box<RouteHandler<S>>),
+    Scope(Resource, Box<RouteHandler<S>>, Vec<Box<Predicate<S>>>),
 }
 
 impl<S: 'static> PipelineHandler<S> for Inner<S> {
@@ -40,12 +43,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> PipelineHandler<S> for Inner<S> {
         self.encoding
     }
 
-    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, htype: HandlerType) -> Reply {
+    fn handle(
+        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, htype: HandlerType,
+    ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         match htype {
             HandlerType::Normal(idx) => {
                 self.resources[idx].handle(req, Some(&mut self.default))
             }
-            HandlerType::Handler(idx) => self.handlers[idx].1.handle(req),
+            HandlerType::Handler(idx) => match self.handlers[idx] {
+                PrefixHandlerType::Handler(_, ref mut hnd) => hnd.handle(req),
+                PrefixHandlerType::Scope(_, ref mut hnd, _) => hnd.handle(req),
+            },
             HandlerType::Default => self.default.handle(req, None),
         }
     }
@@ -63,25 +71,55 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
             HandlerType::Normal(idx)
         } else {
             let inner = self.as_ref();
-            for idx in 0..inner.handlers.len() {
-                let &(ref prefix, _) = &inner.handlers[idx];
-                let m = {
-                    let path = &req.path()[inner.prefix..];
-                    path.starts_with(prefix)
-                        && (path.len() == prefix.len()
-                            || path.split_at(prefix.len()).1.starts_with('/'))
-                };
+            let path: &'static str =
+                unsafe { &*(&req.path()[inner.prefix..] as *const _) };
+            let path_len = path.len();
+            'outer: for idx in 0..inner.handlers.len() {
+                match inner.handlers[idx] {
+                    PrefixHandlerType::Handler(ref prefix, _) => {
+                        let m = {
+                            path.starts_with(prefix)
+                                && (path_len == prefix.len()
+                                    || path.split_at(prefix.len()).1.starts_with('/'))
+                        };
 
-                if m {
-                    let path: &'static str = unsafe {
-                        mem::transmute(&req.path()[inner.prefix + prefix.len()..])
-                    };
-                    if path.is_empty() {
-                        req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "");
-                    } else {
-                        req.match_info_mut().add("tail", path.split_at(1).1);
+                        if m {
+                            let prefix_len = inner.prefix + prefix.len();
+                            let path: &'static str =
+                                unsafe { &*(&req.path()[prefix_len..] as *const _) };
+
+                            req.set_prefix_len(prefix_len as u16);
+                            if path.is_empty() {
+                                req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "/");
+                            } else {
+                                req.match_info_mut().add("tail", path);
+                            }
+                            return HandlerType::Handler(idx);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    PrefixHandlerType::Scope(ref pattern, _, ref filters) => {
+                        if let Some(prefix_len) =
+                            pattern.match_prefix_with_params(path, req.match_info_mut())
+                        {
+                            for filter in filters {
+                                if !filter.check(req) {
+                                    continue 'outer;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            let prefix_len = inner.prefix + prefix_len - 1;
+                            let path: &'static str =
+                                unsafe { &*(&req.path()[prefix_len..] as *const _) };
+
+                            req.set_prefix_len(prefix_len as u16);
+                            if path.is_empty() {
+                                req.match_info_mut().set("tail", "/");
+                            } else {
+                                req.match_info_mut().set("tail", path);
+                            }
+                            return HandlerType::Handler(idx);
+                        }
                     }
-                    return HandlerType::Handler(idx);
                 }
             }
             HandlerType::Default
@@ -89,7 +127,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> HttpApplication<S> {
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub(crate) fn run(&mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
+    pub(crate) fn run(&mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         let tp = self.get_handler(&mut req);
         unsafe { &mut *self.inner.get() }.handle(req, tp)
     }
@@ -130,7 +168,7 @@ struct ApplicationParts<S> {
     settings: ServerSettings,
     default: ResourceHandler<S>,
     resources: Vec<(Resource, Option<ResourceHandler<S>>)>,
-    handlers: Vec<(String, Box<RouteHandler<S>>)>,
+    handlers: Vec<PrefixHandlerType<S>>,
     external: HashMap<String, Resource>,
     encoding: ContentEncoding,
     middlewares: Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>,
@@ -177,6 +215,13 @@ where
     ///
     /// State is shared with all resources within same application and
     /// could be accessed with `HttpRequest::state()` method.
+    ///
+    /// **Note**: http server accepts an application factory rather than
+    /// an application instance. Http server constructs an application
+    /// instance for each thread, thus application state must be constructed
+    /// multiple times. If you want to share state between different
+    /// threads, a shared object should be used, e.g. `Arc`. Application
+    /// state does not need to be `Send` and `Sync`.
     pub fn with_state(state: S) -> App<S> {
         App {
             parts: Some(ApplicationParts {
@@ -193,6 +238,12 @@ where
         }
     }
 
+    /// Get reference to the application state
+    pub fn state(&self) -> &S {
+        let parts = self.parts.as_ref().expect("Use after finish");
+        &parts.state
+    }
+
     /// Set application prefix.
     ///
     /// Only requests that match the application's prefix get
@@ -267,7 +318,7 @@ where
     {
         {
             let parts: &mut ApplicationParts<S> = unsafe {
-                mem::transmute(self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish"))
+                &mut *(self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish") as *mut _)
             };
 
             // get resource handler
@@ -288,6 +339,56 @@ where
         self
     }
 
+    /// Configure scope for common root path.
+    ///
+    /// Scopes collect multiple paths under a common path prefix.
+    /// Scope path can contain variable path segments as resources.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate actix_web;
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     let app = App::new()
+    ///         .scope("/{project_id}", |scope| {
+    ///              scope.resource("/path1", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///                .resource("/path2", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    ///                .resource("/path3", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
+    ///         });
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// In the above example, three routes get added:
+    ///  * /{project_id}/path1
+    ///  * /{project_id}/path2
+    ///  * /{project_id}/path3
+    ///
+    pub fn scope<F>(mut self, path: &str, f: F) -> App<S>
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(Scope<S>) -> Scope<S>,
+    {
+        {
+            let mut scope = Box::new(f(Scope::new()));
+
+            let mut path = path.trim().trim_right_matches('/').to_owned();
+            if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
+                path.insert(0, '/')
+            }
+            if !path.ends_with('/') {
+                path.push('/');
+            }
+            let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
+
+            let filters = scope.take_filters();
+            parts.handlers.push(PrefixHandlerType::Scope(
+                Resource::prefix("", &path),
+                scope,
+                filters,
+            ));
+        }
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Configure resource for a specific path.
     ///
     /// Resources may have variable path segments. For example, a
@@ -314,7 +415,7 @@ where
     ///
     /// fn main() {
     ///     let app = App::new()
-    ///         .resource("/test", |r| {
+    ///         .resource("/users/{userid}/{friend}", |r| {
     ///              r.get().f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
     ///              r.head().f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed());
     ///         });
@@ -418,6 +519,8 @@ where
     /// `/app/test` would match, but the path `/application` would
     /// not.
     ///
+    /// Path tail is available as `tail` parameter in request's match_dict.
+    ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate actix_web;
     /// use actix_web::{http, App, HttpRequest, HttpResponse};
@@ -438,11 +541,15 @@ where
             if !path.is_empty() && !path.starts_with('/') {
                 path.insert(0, '/')
             }
+            if path.len() > 1 && path.ends_with('/') {
+                path.pop();
+            }
             let parts = self.parts.as_mut().expect("Use after finish");
 
-            parts
-                .handlers
-                .push((path, Box::new(WrapHandler::new(handler))));
+            parts.handlers.push(PrefixHandlerType::Handler(
+                path,
+                Box::new(WrapHandler::new(handler)),
+            ));
         }
         self
     }
@@ -614,24 +721,18 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let mut app = App::new()
             .default_resource(|r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
             .finish();
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -651,7 +752,7 @@ mod tests {
         let req =
             HttpRequest::default().with_state(Rc::clone(&app.state), app.router.clone());
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -685,29 +786,23 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/app").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -718,29 +813,23 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/app").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -752,29 +841,23 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test/").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/test/app").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/prefix/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -792,25 +875,19 @@ mod tests {
             .method(Method::GET)
             .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
             .method(Method::POST)
             .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::CREATED
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test")
             .method(Method::HEAD)
             .finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -822,35 +899,27 @@ mod tests {
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test").finish();
-        let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let resp = app.run(req.clone());
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(req.prefix_len(), 9);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/app").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.as_response().unwrap().status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/testapp").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/blah").finish();
         let resp = app.run(req);
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.as_response().unwrap().status(),
-            StatusCode::NOT_FOUND
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.as_msg().status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 }

src/body.rs

@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ impl Responder for Binary {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
-        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+        Ok(HttpResponse::build_from(req)
             .content_type("application/octet-stream")
             .body(self))
     }

src/client/connector.rs

@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ impl Default for ClientConnector {
                 pool: Rc::new(Pool::new(Rc::clone(&_modified))),
                 pool_modified: _modified,
                 connector: builder.build().unwrap(),
-                conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(15),
-                conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(75),
+                conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(75),
+                conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(15),
                 limit: 100,
                 limit_per_host: 0,
                 acquired: 0,
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ impl Default for ClientConnector {
             subscriber: None,
             pool: Rc::new(Pool::new(Rc::clone(&_modified))),
             pool_modified: _modified,
-            conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(15),
-            conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(75),
+            conn_lifetime: Duration::from_secs(75),
+            conn_keep_alive: Duration::from_secs(15),
             limit: 100,
             limit_per_host: 0,
             acquired: 0,
@@ -347,6 +347,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     /// Keep-alive period is the period between connection usage. If
     /// the delay between repeated usages of the same connection
     /// exceeds this period, the connection is closed.
+    /// Default keep-alive period is 15 seconds.
     pub fn conn_keep_alive(mut self, dur: Duration) -> Self {
         self.conn_keep_alive = dur;
         self
@@ -356,6 +357,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     ///
     /// Connection lifetime is max lifetime of any opened connection
     /// until it is closed regardless of keep-alive period.
+    /// Default lifetime period is 75 seconds.
     pub fn conn_lifetime(mut self, dur: Duration) -> Self {
         self.conn_lifetime = dur;
         self
@@ -570,7 +572,7 @@ impl ClientConnector {
     }
 
     fn wait_for(
-        &mut self, key: Key, wait: Duration, conn_timeout: Duration
+        &mut self, key: Key, wait: Duration, conn_timeout: Duration,
     ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<Connection, ClientConnectorError>> {
         // connection is not available, wait
         let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
@@ -810,7 +812,7 @@ impl fut::ActorFuture for Maintenance {
     type Actor = ClientConnector;
 
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, act: &mut ClientConnector, ctx: &mut Context<ClientConnector>
+        &mut self, act: &mut ClientConnector, ctx: &mut Context<ClientConnector>,
     ) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         // check pause duration
         let done = if let Some(Some(ref pause)) = act.paused {
@@ -831,7 +833,7 @@ impl fut::ActorFuture for Maintenance {
         act.collect_waiters();
 
         // check waiters
-        let tmp: &mut ClientConnector = unsafe { mem::transmute(act as &mut _) };
+        let tmp: &mut ClientConnector = unsafe { &mut *(act as *mut _) };
 
         for (key, waiters) in &mut tmp.waiters {
             while let Some(waiter) = waiters.pop_front() {

src/client/mod.rs

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 impl ResponseError for SendRequestError {
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
         match *self {
+            SendRequestError::Timeout => HttpResponse::GatewayTimeout(),
             SendRequestError::Connector(_) => HttpResponse::BadGateway(),
             _ => HttpResponse::InternalServerError(),
         }.into()

src/client/parser.rs

@@ -7,18 +7,18 @@ use std::mem;
 
 use error::{ParseError, PayloadError};
 
-use server::h1::{chunked, Decoder};
+use server::h1decoder::EncodingDecoder;
 use server::{utils, IoStream};
 
-use super::ClientResponse;
 use super::response::ClientMessage;
+use super::ClientResponse;
 
 const MAX_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 131_072;
 const MAX_HEADERS: usize = 96;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct HttpResponseParser {
-    decoder: Option<Decoder>,
+    decoder: Option<EncodingDecoder>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Fail)]
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub enum HttpResponseParserError {
 
 impl HttpResponseParser {
     pub fn parse<T>(
-        &mut self, io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut
+        &mut self, io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut,
     ) -> Poll<ClientResponse, HttpResponseParserError>
     where
         T: IoStream,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
     }
 
     pub fn parse_payload<T>(
-        &mut self, io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut
+        &mut self, io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, PayloadError>
     where
         T: IoStream,
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
     }
 
     fn parse_message(
-        buf: &mut BytesMut
-    ) -> Poll<(ClientResponse, Option<Decoder>), ParseError> {
+        buf: &mut BytesMut,
+    ) -> Poll<(ClientResponse, Option<EncodingDecoder>), ParseError> {
         // Parse http message
         let bytes_ptr = buf.as_ref().as_ptr() as usize;
         let mut headers: [httparse::Header; MAX_HEADERS] =
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
         let (len, version, status, headers_len) = {
             let b = unsafe {
                 let b: &[u8] = buf;
-                mem::transmute(b)
+                &*(b as *const _)
             };
             let mut resp = httparse::Response::new(&mut headers);
             match resp.parse(b)? {
@@ -160,12 +160,12 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
         }
 
         let decoder = if status == StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS {
-            Some(Decoder::eof())
+            Some(EncodingDecoder::eof())
         } else if let Some(len) = hdrs.get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
             // Content-Length
             if let Ok(s) = len.to_str() {
                 if let Ok(len) = s.parse::<u64>() {
-                    Some(Decoder::length(len))
+                    Some(EncodingDecoder::length(len))
                 } else {
                     debug!("illegal Content-Length: {:?}", len);
                     return Err(ParseError::Header);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
             }
         } else if chunked(&hdrs)? {
             // Chunked encoding
-            Some(Decoder::chunked())
+            Some(EncodingDecoder::chunked())
         } else {
             None
         };
@@ -204,3 +204,16 @@ impl HttpResponseParser {
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Check if request has chunked transfer encoding
+pub fn chunked(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
+    if let Some(encodings) = headers.get(header::TRANSFER_ENCODING) {
+        if let Ok(s) = encodings.to_str() {
+            Ok(s.to_lowercase().contains("chunked"))
+        } else {
+            Err(ParseError::Header)
+        }
+    } else {
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+}

src/client/pipeline.rs

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use error::Error;
 use error::PayloadError;
 use header::ContentEncoding;
 use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
-use server::WriterState;
 use server::encoding::PayloadStream;
 use server::shared::SharedBytes;
+use server::WriterState;
 
 /// A set of errors that can occur during request sending and response reading
 #[derive(Fail, Debug)]
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl SendRequest {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn with_connector(
-        req: ClientRequest, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>
+        req: ClientRequest, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>,
     ) -> SendRequest {
         SendRequest {
             req,
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ impl Future for SendRequest {
                     self.state = State::Send(pl);
                 }
                 State::Send(mut pl) => {
+                    pl.poll_timeout()?;
                     pl.poll_write().map_err(|e| {
                         io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, format!("{}", e).as_str())
                     })?;
@@ -305,7 +306,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
             return Ok(Async::Ready(None));
         }
         let conn: &mut Connection =
-            unsafe { mem::transmute(self.conn.as_mut().unwrap()) };
+            unsafe { &mut *(self.conn.as_mut().unwrap() as *mut _) };
 
         let mut need_run = false;
 
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@ impl Pipeline {
         {
             Async::NotReady => need_run = true,
             Async::Ready(_) => {
-                let _ = self.poll_timeout().map_err(|e| {
+                self.poll_timeout().map_err(|e| {
                     io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, format!("{}", e))
                 })?;
             }
@@ -371,16 +372,15 @@ impl Pipeline {
         }
     }
 
-    fn poll_timeout(&mut self) -> Poll<(), SendRequestError> {
+    fn poll_timeout(&mut self) -> Result<(), SendRequestError> {
         if self.timeout.is_some() {
             match self.timeout.as_mut().unwrap().poll() {
-                Ok(Async::Ready(())) => Err(SendRequestError::Timeout),
-                Ok(Async::NotReady) => Ok(Async::NotReady),
+                Ok(Async::Ready(())) => return Err(SendRequestError::Timeout),
+                Ok(Async::NotReady) => (),
                 Err(_) => unreachable!(),
             }
-        } else {
-            Ok(Async::NotReady)
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     #[inline]

src/client/request.rs

@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ impl ClientRequestBuilder {
 
 #[inline]
 fn parts<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<ClientRequest>, err: &Option<HttpError>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<ClientRequest>, err: &Option<HttpError>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut ClientRequest> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;

src/client/writer.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ use std::io::{self, Write};
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 use brotli2::write::BrotliEncoder;
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
-use flate2::Compression;
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
 use flate2::write::{DeflateEncoder, GzEncoder};
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
+use flate2::Compression;
 use futures::{Async, Poll};
 use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_ENCODING, CONTENT_LENGTH, DATE,
                    TRANSFER_ENCODING};
@@ -18,9 +20,9 @@ use tokio_io::AsyncWrite;
 
 use body::{Binary, Body};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
-use server::WriterState;
 use server::encoding::{ContentEncoder, TransferEncoding};
 use server::shared::SharedBytes;
+use server::WriterState;
 
 use client::ClientRequest;
 
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ impl HttpClientWriter {
     // !self.flags.contains(Flags::UPGRADE) }
 
     fn write_to_stream<T: AsyncWrite>(
-        &mut self, stream: &mut T
+        &mut self, stream: &mut T,
     ) -> io::Result<WriterState> {
         while !self.buffer.is_empty() {
             match stream.write(self.buffer.as_ref()) {
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ impl HttpClientWriter {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn poll_completed<T: AsyncWrite>(
-        &mut self, stream: &mut T, shutdown: bool
+        &mut self, stream: &mut T, shutdown: bool,
     ) -> Poll<(), io::Error> {
         match self.write_to_stream(stream) {
             Ok(WriterState::Done) => {
@@ -222,9 +224,11 @@ fn content_encoder(buf: SharedBytes, req: &mut ClientRequest) -> ContentEncoder
                 let tmp = SharedBytes::default();
                 let transfer = TransferEncoding::eof(tmp.clone());
                 let mut enc = match encoding {
+                    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
                     ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(
                         DeflateEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::default()),
                     ),
+                    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
                     ContentEncoding::Gzip => ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(
                         transfer,
                         Compression::default(),
@@ -283,10 +287,12 @@ fn content_encoder(buf: SharedBytes, req: &mut ClientRequest) -> ContentEncoder
 
     req.replace_body(body);
     match encoding {
+        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
         ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(DeflateEncoder::new(
             transfer,
             Compression::default(),
         )),
+        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
         ContentEncoding::Gzip => {
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::default()))
         }
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@ fn content_encoder(buf: SharedBytes, req: &mut ClientRequest) -> ContentEncoder
 }
 
 fn streaming_encoding(
-    buf: SharedBytes, version: Version, req: &mut ClientRequest
+    buf: SharedBytes, version: Version, req: &mut ClientRequest,
 ) -> TransferEncoding {
     if req.chunked() {
         // Enable transfer encoding

src/context.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use futures::unsync::oneshot;
 use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::mem;
 
 use actix::dev::{ContextImpl, SyncEnvelope, ToEnvelope};
 use actix::fut::ActorFuture;
@@ -174,7 +173,9 @@ where
         if self.stream.is_none() {
             self.stream = Some(SmallVec::new());
         }
-        self.stream.as_mut().map(|s| s.push(frame));
+        if let Some(s) = self.stream.as_mut() {
+            s.push(frame)
+        }
         self.inner.modify();
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ where
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<SmallVec<[Frame; 4]>>, Error> {
         let ctx: &mut HttpContext<A, S> =
-            unsafe { mem::transmute(self as &mut HttpContext<A, S>) };
+            unsafe { &mut *(self as &mut HttpContext<A, S> as *mut _) };
 
         if self.inner.alive() {
             match self.inner.poll(ctx) {
@@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ impl<A: Actor> ActorFuture for Drain<A> {
 
     #[inline]
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, _: &mut A, _: &mut <Self::Actor as Actor>::Context
+        &mut self, _: &mut A, _: &mut <Self::Actor as Actor>::Context,
     ) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         self.fut.poll().map_err(|_| ())
     }

src/de.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple<V>(
-        self, len: usize, visitor: V
+        self, len: usize, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, len: usize, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, len: usize, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ impl<'de, S: 'de> Deserializer<'de> for PathDeserializer<'de, S> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_enum<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_unit_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_enum<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_newtype_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V
+        self, _: &'static str, visitor: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ impl<'de> Deserializer<'de> for Value<'de> {
     }
 
     fn deserialize_tuple_struct<V>(
-        self, _: &'static str, _: usize, _: V
+        self, _: &'static str, _: usize, _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ impl<'de> de::VariantAccess<'de> for UnitVariant {
     }
 
     fn struct_variant<V>(
-        self, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V
+        self, _: &'static [&'static str], _: V,
     ) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
     where
         V: Visitor<'de>,

src/error.rs

@@ -45,6 +45,16 @@ impl Error {
     pub fn cause(&self) -> &ResponseError {
         self.cause.as_ref()
     }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the Backtrace carried by this error, if it
+    /// carries one.
+    pub fn backtrace(&self) -> &Backtrace {
+        if let Some(bt) = self.cause.backtrace() {
+            bt
+        } else {
+            self.backtrace.as_ref().unwrap()
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Error that can be converted to `HttpResponse`
@@ -298,7 +308,9 @@ pub enum HttpRangeError {
     /// Returned if first-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec
     /// values is greater than the content size.
     /// See `https://github.com/golang/go/commit/aa9b3d7`
-    #[fail(display = "First-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values is greater than the content size")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "First-byte-pos of all of the byte-range-spec values is greater than the content size"
+    )]
     NoOverlap,
 }
 
@@ -530,7 +542,7 @@ impl From<UrlParseError> for UrlGenerationError {
 /// Helper type that can wrap any error and generate custom response.
 ///
 /// In following example any `io::Error` will be converted into "BAD REQUEST"
-/// response as opposite to *INNTERNAL SERVER ERROR* which is defined by
+/// response as opposite to *INTERNAL SERVER ERROR* which is defined by
 /// default.
 ///
 /// ```rust
@@ -580,7 +592,7 @@ impl<T> InternalError<T> {
 
 impl<T> Fail for InternalError<T>
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace> {
         Some(&self.backtrace)
@@ -598,16 +610,16 @@ where
 
 impl<T> fmt::Display for InternalError<T>
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.cause, f)
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.cause, f)
     }
 }
 
 impl<T> ResponseError for InternalError<T>
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
         match self.status {
@@ -625,12 +637,12 @@ where
 
 impl<T> Responder for InternalError<T>
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, _: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Err(self.into())
     }
 }
@@ -640,7 +652,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorBadRequest<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).into()
 }
@@ -650,7 +662,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorUnauthorized<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED).into()
 }
@@ -660,7 +672,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorForbidden<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::FORBIDDEN).into()
 }
@@ -670,7 +682,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorNotFound<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::NOT_FOUND).into()
 }
@@ -680,7 +692,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorMethodNotAllowed<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED).into()
 }
@@ -690,7 +702,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorRequestTimeout<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT).into()
 }
@@ -700,7 +712,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorConflict<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::CONFLICT).into()
 }
@@ -710,7 +722,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorGone<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::GONE).into()
 }
@@ -720,7 +732,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorPreconditionFailed<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED).into()
 }
@@ -730,7 +742,7 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorExpectationFailed<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED).into()
 }
@@ -740,11 +752,51 @@ where
 #[allow(non_snake_case)]
 pub fn ErrorInternalServerError<T>(err: T) -> Error
 where
-    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + 'static,
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
 {
     InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).into()
 }
 
+/// Helper function that creates wrapper of any error and
+/// generate *NOT IMPLEMENTED* response.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn ErrorNotImplemented<T>(err: T) -> Error
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
+{
+    InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED).into()
+}
+
+/// Helper function that creates wrapper of any error and
+/// generate *BAD GATEWAY* response.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn ErrorBadGateway<T>(err: T) -> Error
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
+{
+    InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY).into()
+}
+
+/// Helper function that creates wrapper of any error and
+/// generate *SERVICE UNAVAILABLE* response.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn ErrorServiceUnavailable<T>(err: T) -> Error
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
+{
+    InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE).into()
+}
+
+/// Helper function that creates wrapper of any error and
+/// generate *GATEWAY TIMEOUT* response.
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn ErrorGatewayTimeout<T>(err: T) -> Error
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + fmt::Debug + fmt::Display + 'static,
+{
+    InternalError::new(err, StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT).into()
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -791,6 +843,12 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(format!("{}", e.cause().unwrap()), desc);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_backtrace() {
+        let e = ErrorBadRequest("err");
+        let _ = e.backtrace();
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_error_cause() {
         let orig = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "other");
@@ -888,8 +946,58 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn test_internal_error() {
         let err = InternalError::from_response(
-            ExpectError::Encoding, HttpResponse::Ok().into());
+            ExpectError::Encoding,
+            HttpResponse::Ok().into(),
+        );
         let resp: HttpResponse = err.error_response();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_error_helpers() {
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorBadRequest("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorUnauthorized("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorForbidden("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorNotFound("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorMethodNotAllowed("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorRequestTimeout("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorConflict("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::CONFLICT);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorGone("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::GONE);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorPreconditionFailed("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorExpectationFailed("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorInternalServerError("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorNotImplemented("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorBadGateway("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorServiceUnavailable("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
+
+        let r: HttpResponse = ErrorGatewayTimeout("err").into();
+        assert_eq!(r.status(), StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
+    }
 }

src/extractor.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::str;
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use encoding::all::UTF_8;
 use encoding::types::{DecoderTrap, Encoding};
-use futures::future::{result, Future, FutureResult};
+use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 use mime::Mime;
 use serde::de::{self, DeserializeOwned};
 use serde_urlencoded;
 
 use de::PathDeserializer;
-use error::{Error, ErrorBadRequest};
-use handler::{Either, FromRequest};
+use error::{Error, ErrorNotFound, ErrorBadRequest};
+use handler::{AsyncResult, FromRequest};
 use httpmessage::{HttpMessage, MessageBody, UrlEncoded};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 /// # extern crate futures;
 /// use actix_web::{App, Path, Result, http};
 ///
-/// /// extract path info from "/{username}/{count}/?index.html" url
+/// /// extract path info from "/{username}/{count}/index.html" url
 /// /// {username} - deserializes to a String
 /// /// {count} -  - deserializes to a u32
 /// fn index(info: Path<(String, u32)>) -> Result<String> {
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 ///
 /// fn main() {
 ///     let app = App::new().resource(
-///        "/{username}/{count}/?index.html",       // <- define path parameters
+///        "/{username}/{count}/index.html",              // <- define path parameters
 ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index));  // <- use `with` extractor
 /// }
 /// ```
@@ -99,19 +100,16 @@ impl<T> Path<T> {
 impl<T, S> FromRequest<S> for Path<T>
 where
     T: DeserializeOwned,
-    S: 'static,
 {
     type Config = ();
-    type Result = FutureResult<Self, Error>;
+    type Result = Result<Self, Error>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, _: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
         let req = req.clone();
-        result(
-            de::Deserialize::deserialize(PathDeserializer::new(&req))
-                .map_err(|e| e.into())
-                .map(|inner| Path { inner }),
-        )
+        de::Deserialize::deserialize(PathDeserializer::new(&req))
+            .map_err(ErrorNotFound)
+            .map(|inner| Path { inner })
     }
 }
 
@@ -169,19 +167,16 @@ impl<T> Query<T> {
 impl<T, S> FromRequest<S> for Query<T>
 where
     T: de::DeserializeOwned,
-    S: 'static,
 {
     type Config = ();
-    type Result = FutureResult<Self, Error>;
+    type Result = Result<Self, Error>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, _: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
         let req = req.clone();
-        result(
-            serde_urlencoded::from_str::<T>(req.query_string())
-                .map_err(|e| e.into())
-                .map(Query),
-        )
+        serde_urlencoded::from_str::<T>(req.query_string())
+            .map_err(|e| e.into())
+            .map(Query)
     }
 }
 
@@ -195,9 +190,6 @@ where
 ///
 /// ## Example
 ///
-/// It is possible to extract path information to a specific type that
-/// implements `Deserialize` trait from *serde*.
-///
 /// ```rust
 /// # extern crate actix_web;
 /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
@@ -330,17 +322,14 @@ impl Default for FormConfig {
 /// ```
 impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for Bytes {
     type Config = PayloadConfig;
-    type Result =
-        Either<FutureResult<Self, Error>, Box<Future<Item = Self, Error = Error>>>;
+    type Result = Result<Box<Future<Item = Self, Error = Error>>, Error>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
         // check content-type
-        if let Err(e) = cfg.check_mimetype(req) {
-            return Either::A(result(Err(e)));
-        }
+        cfg.check_mimetype(req)?;
 
-        Either::B(Box::new(
+        Ok(Box::new(
             MessageBody::new(req.clone())
                 .limit(cfg.limit)
                 .from_err(),
@@ -377,27 +366,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for Bytes {
 /// ```
 impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for String {
     type Config = PayloadConfig;
-    type Result =
-        Either<FutureResult<String, Error>, Box<Future<Item = String, Error = Error>>>;
+    type Result = Result<Box<Future<Item = String, Error = Error>>, Error>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
         // check content-type
-        if let Err(e) = cfg.check_mimetype(req) {
-            return Either::A(result(Err(e)));
-        }
+        cfg.check_mimetype(req)?;
 
         // check charset
-        let encoding = match req.encoding() {
-            Err(_) => {
-                return Either::A(result(Err(ErrorBadRequest(
-                    "Unknown request charset",
-                ))))
-            }
-            Ok(encoding) => encoding,
-        };
+        let encoding = req.encoding()?;
 
-        Either::B(Box::new(
+        Ok(Box::new(
             MessageBody::new(req.clone())
                 .limit(cfg.limit)
                 .from_err()
@@ -467,6 +446,123 @@ impl Default for PayloadConfig {
     }
 }
 
+macro_rules! tuple_from_req ({$fut_type:ident, $(($n:tt, $T:ident)),+} => {
+
+    /// FromRequest implementation for tuple
+    impl<S, $($T: FromRequest<S> + 'static),+> FromRequest<S> for ($($T,)+)
+    where
+        S: 'static,
+    {
+        type Config = ($($T::Config,)+);
+        type Result = Box<Future<Item = ($($T,)+), Error = Error>>;
+
+        fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
+            Box::new($fut_type {
+                s: PhantomData,
+                items: <($(Option<$T>,)+)>::default(),
+                futs: ($(Some($T::from_request(req, &cfg.$n).into()),)+),
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct $fut_type<S, $($T: FromRequest<S>),+>
+    where
+        S: 'static,
+    {
+        s: PhantomData<S>,
+        items: ($(Option<$T>,)+),
+        futs: ($(Option<AsyncResult<$T>>,)+),
+    }
+
+    impl<S, $($T: FromRequest<S>),+> Future for $fut_type<S, $($T),+>
+    where
+        S: 'static,
+    {
+        type Item = ($($T,)+);
+        type Error = Error;
+
+        fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
+            let mut ready = true;
+
+            $(
+                if self.futs.$n.is_some() {
+                    match self.futs.$n.as_mut().unwrap().poll() {
+                        Ok(Async::Ready(item)) => {
+                            self.items.$n = Some(item);
+                            self.futs.$n.take();
+                        }
+                        Ok(Async::NotReady) => ready = false,
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                    }
+                }
+            )+
+
+                if ready {
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(
+                        ($(self.items.$n.take().unwrap(),)+)
+                    ))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Async::NotReady)
+                }
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+tuple_from_req!(TupleFromRequest1, (0, A));
+tuple_from_req!(TupleFromRequest2, (0, A), (1, B));
+tuple_from_req!(TupleFromRequest3, (0, A), (1, B), (2, C));
+tuple_from_req!(TupleFromRequest4, (0, A), (1, B), (2, C), (3, D));
+tuple_from_req!(
+    TupleFromRequest5,
+    (0, A),
+    (1, B),
+    (2, C),
+    (3, D),
+    (4, E)
+);
+tuple_from_req!(
+    TupleFromRequest6,
+    (0, A),
+    (1, B),
+    (2, C),
+    (3, D),
+    (4, E),
+    (5, F)
+);
+tuple_from_req!(
+    TupleFromRequest7,
+    (0, A),
+    (1, B),
+    (2, C),
+    (3, D),
+    (4, E),
+    (5, F),
+    (6, G)
+);
+tuple_from_req!(
+    TupleFromRequest8,
+    (0, A),
+    (1, B),
+    (2, C),
+    (3, D),
+    (4, E),
+    (5, F),
+    (6, G),
+    (7, H)
+);
+tuple_from_req!(
+    TupleFromRequest9,
+    (0, A),
+    (1, B),
+    (2, C),
+    (3, D),
+    (4, E),
+    (5, F),
+    (6, G),
+    (7, H),
+    (8, I)
+);
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -491,7 +587,11 @@ mod tests {
         req.payload_mut()
             .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
-        match Bytes::from_request(&req, &cfg).poll().unwrap() {
+        match Bytes::from_request(&req, &cfg)
+            .unwrap()
+            .poll()
+            .unwrap()
+        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s, Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
             }
@@ -506,7 +606,11 @@ mod tests {
         req.payload_mut()
             .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"hello=world"));
 
-        match String::from_request(&req, &cfg).poll().unwrap() {
+        match String::from_request(&req, &cfg)
+            .unwrap()
+            .poll()
+            .unwrap()
+        {
             Async::Ready(s) => {
                 assert_eq!(s, "hello=world");
             }
@@ -583,73 +687,35 @@ mod tests {
         let (router, _) = Router::new("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.recognize(&mut req).is_some());
 
-        match Path::<MyStruct>::from_request(&req, &())
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.key, "name");
-                assert_eq!(s.value, "user1");
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let s = Path::<MyStruct>::from_request(&req, &()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.key, "name");
+        assert_eq!(s.value, "user1");
 
-        match Path::<(String, String)>::from_request(&req, &())
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
-                assert_eq!(s.1, "user1");
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let s = Path::<(String, String)>::from_request(&req, &()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
+        assert_eq!(s.1, "user1");
 
-        match Query::<Id>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.id, "test");
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let s = Query::<Id>::from_request(&req, &()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.id, "test");
 
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name/32/").finish();
         assert!(router.recognize(&mut req).is_some());
 
-        match Path::<Test2>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.as_ref().key, "name");
-                assert_eq!(s.value, 32);
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let s = Path::<Test2>::from_request(&req, &()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.as_ref().key, "name");
+        assert_eq!(s.value, 32);
 
-        match Path::<(String, u8)>::from_request(&req, &())
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
-                assert_eq!(s.1, 32);
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let s = Path::<(String, u8)>::from_request(&req, &()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(s.0, "name");
+        assert_eq!(s.1, 32);
 
-        match Path::<Vec<String>>::from_request(&req, &())
-            .poll()
-            .unwrap()
-        {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(
-                    s.into_inner(),
-                    vec!["name".to_owned(), "32".to_owned()]
-                );
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        let res = Path::<Vec<String>>::extract(&req).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res[0], "name".to_owned());
+        assert_eq!(res[1], "32".to_owned());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_extract_path_signle() {
+    fn test_extract_path_single() {
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
         let mut routes = Vec::new();
@@ -659,11 +725,39 @@ mod tests {
         let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/32/").finish();
         assert!(router.recognize(&mut req).is_some());
 
-        match Path::<i8>::from_request(&req, &()).poll().unwrap() {
-            Async::Ready(s) => {
-                assert_eq!(s.into_inner(), 32);
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
+        assert_eq!(*Path::<i8>::from_request(&mut req, &()).unwrap(), 32);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_tuple_extract() {
+        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/name/user1/?id=test").finish();
+
+        let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
+        resource.name("index");
+        let mut routes = Vec::new();
+        routes.push((
+            Resource::new("index", "/{key}/{value}/"),
+            Some(resource),
+        ));
+        let (router, _) = Router::new("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
+        assert!(router.recognize(&mut req).is_some());
+
+        let res = match <(Path<(String, String)>,)>::extract(&req).poll() {
+            Ok(Async::Ready(res)) => res,
+            _ => panic!("error"),
+        };
+        assert_eq!((res.0).0, "name");
+        assert_eq!((res.0).1, "user1");
+
+        let res = match <(Path<(String, String)>, Path<(String, String)>)>::extract(&req)
+            .poll()
+        {
+            Ok(Async::Ready(res)) => res,
+            _ => panic!("error"),
+        };
+        assert_eq!((res.0).0, "name");
+        assert_eq!((res.0).1, "user1");
+        assert_eq!((res.1).0, "name");
+        assert_eq!((res.1).1, "user1");
     }
 }

src/fs.rs

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use futures::{Async, Future, Poll, Stream};
 use futures_cpupool::{CpuFuture, CpuPool};
-use mime_guess::get_mime_type;
-use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
+use mime;
+use mime_guess::{get_mime_type, guess_mime_type};
 
 use error::Error;
-use handler::{Handler, Reply, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
+use handler::{AsyncResult, Handler, Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
 use header;
 use http::{Method, StatusCode};
 use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ impl DerefMut for NamedFile {
 }
 
 /// Returns true if `req` has no `If-Match` header or one which matches `etag`.
-fn any_match(etag: Option<&header::EntityTag>, req: &HttpRequest) -> bool {
+fn any_match<S>(etag: Option<&header::EntityTag>, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> bool {
     match req.get_header::<header::IfMatch>() {
         None | Some(header::IfMatch::Any) => true,
         Some(header::IfMatch::Items(ref items)) => {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ fn any_match(etag: Option<&header::EntityTag>, req: &HttpRequest) -> bool {
 }
 
 /// Returns true if `req` doesn't have an `If-None-Match` header matching `req`.
-fn none_match(etag: Option<&header::EntityTag>, req: &HttpRequest) -> bool {
+fn none_match<S>(etag: Option<&header::EntityTag>, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> bool {
     match req.get_header::<header::IfNoneMatch>() {
         Some(header::IfNoneMatch::Any) => false,
         Some(header::IfNoneMatch::Items(ref items)) => {
@@ -199,14 +199,28 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = io::Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error> {
         if self.status_code != StatusCode::OK {
             let mut resp = HttpResponse::build(self.status_code);
             resp.if_some(self.path().extension(), |ext, resp| {
                 resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(
                     &ext.to_string_lossy(),
                 )));
-            });
+            }).if_some(self.path().file_name(), |file_name, resp| {
+                    let mime_type = guess_mime_type(self.path());
+                    let inline_or_attachment = match mime_type.type_() {
+                        mime::IMAGE | mime::TEXT => "inline",
+                        _ => "attachment",
+                    };
+                    resp.header(
+                        "Content-Disposition",
+                        format!(
+                            "{inline_or_attachment}; filename={filename}",
+                            inline_or_attachment = inline_or_attachment,
+                            filename = file_name.to_string_lossy()
+                        ),
+                    );
+                });
             let reader = ChunkedReadFile {
                 size: self.md.len(),
                 offset: 0,
@@ -230,7 +244,7 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
         let last_modified = self.last_modified();
 
         // check preconditions
-        let precondition_failed = if !any_match(etag.as_ref(), &req) {
+        let precondition_failed = if !any_match(etag.as_ref(), req) {
             true
         } else if let (Some(ref m), Some(header::IfUnmodifiedSince(ref since))) =
             (last_modified, req.get_header())
@@ -241,7 +255,7 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
         };
 
         // check last modified
-        let not_modified = if !none_match(etag.as_ref(), &req) {
+        let not_modified = if !none_match(etag.as_ref(), req) {
             true
         } else if let (Some(ref m), Some(header::IfModifiedSince(ref since))) =
             (last_modified, req.get_header())
@@ -257,7 +271,22 @@ impl Responder for NamedFile {
             resp.set(header::ContentType(get_mime_type(
                 &ext.to_string_lossy(),
             )));
-        }).if_some(last_modified, |lm, resp| {
+        }).if_some(self.path().file_name(), |file_name, resp| {
+                let mime_type = guess_mime_type(self.path());
+                let inline_or_attachment = match mime_type.type_() {
+                    mime::IMAGE | mime::TEXT => "inline",
+                    _ => "attachment",
+                };
+                resp.header(
+                    "Content-Disposition",
+                    format!(
+                        "{inline_or_attachment}; filename={filename}",
+                        inline_or_attachment = inline_or_attachment,
+                        filename = file_name.to_string_lossy()
+                    ),
+                );
+            })
+            .if_some(last_modified, |lm, resp| {
                 resp.set(header::LastModified(lm));
             })
             .if_some(etag, |etag, resp| {
@@ -336,11 +365,14 @@ impl Stream for ChunkedReadFile {
     }
 }
 
+type DirectoryRenderer<S> =
+    Fn(&Directory, &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error>;
+
 /// A directory; responds with the generated directory listing.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Directory {
-    base: PathBuf,
-    path: PathBuf,
+    pub base: PathBuf,
+    pub path: PathBuf,
 }
 
 impl Directory {
@@ -348,7 +380,7 @@ impl Directory {
         Directory { base, path }
     }
 
-    fn can_list(&self, entry: &io::Result<DirEntry>) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_visible(&self, entry: &io::Result<DirEntry>) -> bool {
         if let Ok(ref entry) = *entry {
             if let Some(name) = entry.file_name().to_str() {
                 if name.starts_with('.') {
@@ -364,61 +396,58 @@ impl Directory {
     }
 }
 
-impl Responder for Directory {
-    type Item = HttpResponse;
-    type Error = io::Error;
+fn directory_listing<S>(
+    dir: &Directory, req: &HttpRequest<S>,
+) -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error> {
+    let index_of = format!("Index of {}", req.path());
+    let mut body = String::new();
+    let base = Path::new(req.path());
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error> {
-        let index_of = format!("Index of {}", req.path());
-        let mut body = String::new();
-        let base = Path::new(req.path());
+    for entry in dir.path.read_dir()? {
+        if dir.is_visible(&entry) {
+            let entry = entry.unwrap();
+            let p = match entry.path().strip_prefix(&dir.path) {
+                Ok(p) => base.join(p),
+                Err(_) => continue,
+            };
+            // show file url as relative to static path
+            let file_url = format!("{}", p.to_string_lossy());
 
-        for entry in self.path.read_dir()? {
-            if self.can_list(&entry) {
-                let entry = entry.unwrap();
-                let p = match entry.path().strip_prefix(&self.path) {
-                    Ok(p) => base.join(p),
-                    Err(_) => continue,
-                };
-                // show file url as relative to static path
-                let file_url = format!("{}", p.to_string_lossy());
-
-                // if file is a directory, add '/' to the end of the name
-                if let Ok(metadata) = entry.metadata() {
-                    if metadata.is_dir() {
-                        let _ = write!(
-                            body,
-                            "<li><a href=\"{}\">{}/</a></li>",
-                            file_url,
-                            entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()
-                        );
-                    } else {
-                        let _ = write!(
-                            body,
-                            "<li><a href=\"{}\">{}</a></li>",
-                            file_url,
-                            entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()
-                        );
-                    }
+            // if file is a directory, add '/' to the end of the name
+            if let Ok(metadata) = entry.metadata() {
+                if metadata.is_dir() {
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        body,
+                        "<li><a href=\"{}\">{}/</a></li>",
+                        file_url,
+                        entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()
+                    );
                 } else {
-                    continue;
+                    let _ = write!(
+                        body,
+                        "<li><a href=\"{}\">{}</a></li>",
+                        file_url,
+                        entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()
+                    );
                 }
+            } else {
+                continue;
             }
         }
-
-        let html = format!(
-            "<html>\
-             <head><title>{}</title></head>\
-             <body><h1>{}</h1>\
-             <ul>\
-             {}\
-             </ul></body>\n</html>",
-            index_of, index_of, body
-        );
-        Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
-            .content_type("text/html; charset=utf-8")
-            .body(html))
     }
+
+    let html = format!(
+        "<html>\
+         <head><title>{}</title></head>\
+         <body><h1>{}</h1>\
+         <ul>\
+         {}\
+         </ul></body>\n</html>",
+        index_of, index_of, body
+    );
+    Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()
+        .content_type("text/html; charset=utf-8")
+        .body(html))
 }
 
 /// Static files handling
@@ -443,6 +472,7 @@ pub struct StaticFiles<S> {
     show_index: bool,
     cpu_pool: CpuPool,
     default: Box<RouteHandler<S>>,
+    renderer: Box<DirectoryRenderer<S>>,
     _chunk_size: usize,
     _follow_symlinks: bool,
 }
@@ -457,7 +487,7 @@ lazy_static! {
                     error!("Can not parse ACTIX_FS_POOL value");
                     20
                 }
-            },
+            }
             Err(_) => 20,
         };
         Mutex::new(CpuPool::new(default))
@@ -477,7 +507,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> StaticFiles<S> {
         StaticFiles::with_pool(dir, pool)
     }
 
-    /// Create new `StaticFiles` instance for specified base directory and `CpuPool`.
+    /// Create new `StaticFiles` instance for specified base directory and
+    /// `CpuPool`.
     pub fn with_pool<T: Into<PathBuf>>(dir: T, pool: CpuPool) -> StaticFiles<S> {
         let dir = dir.into();
 
@@ -505,6 +536,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> StaticFiles<S> {
             default: Box::new(WrapHandler::new(|_| {
                 HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)
             })),
+            renderer: Box::new(directory_listing),
             _chunk_size: 0,
             _follow_symlinks: false,
         }
@@ -518,6 +550,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> StaticFiles<S> {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Set custom directory renderer
+    pub fn files_listing_renderer<F>(mut self, f: F) -> Self
+    where
+        for<'r, 's> F: Fn(&'r Directory, &'s HttpRequest<S>)
+                -> Result<HttpResponse, io::Error>
+            + 'static,
+    {
+        self.renderer = Box::new(f);
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Set index file
     ///
     /// Redirects to specific index file for directory "/" instead of
@@ -535,7 +578,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> StaticFiles<S> {
 }
 
 impl<S: 'static> Handler<S> for StaticFiles<S> {
-    type Result = Result<Reply, Error>;
+    type Result = Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, Error>;
 
     fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
         if !self.accessible {
@@ -543,8 +586,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Handler<S> for StaticFiles<S> {
         } else {
             let relpath = match req.match_info()
                 .get("tail")
-                .map(|tail| percent_decode(tail.as_bytes()).decode_utf8().unwrap())
-                .map(|tail| PathBuf::from_param(tail.as_ref()))
+                .map(|tail| PathBuf::from_param(tail.trim_left_matches('/')))
             {
                 Some(Ok(path)) => path,
                 _ => return Ok(self.default.handle(req)),
@@ -570,19 +612,18 @@ impl<S: 'static> Handler<S> for StaticFiles<S> {
                     HttpResponse::Found()
                         .header(header::LOCATION, new_path.as_str())
                         .finish()
-                        .respond_to(req.drop_state())
+                        .respond_to(&req)
                 } else if self.show_index {
-                    Directory::new(self.directory.clone(), path)
-                        .respond_to(req.drop_state())?
-                        .respond_to(req.drop_state())
+                    let dir = Directory::new(self.directory.clone(), path);
+                    Ok((*self.renderer)(&dir, &req)?.into())
                 } else {
                     Ok(self.default.handle(req))
                 }
             } else {
                 NamedFile::open(path)?
                     .set_cpu_pool(self.cpu_pool.clone())
-                    .respond_to(req.drop_state())?
-                    .respond_to(req.drop_state())
+                    .respond_to(&req)?
+                    .respond_to(&req)
             }
         }
     }
@@ -596,7 +637,7 @@ mod tests {
     use test::{self, TestRequest};
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_named_file() {
+    fn test_named_file_text() {
         assert!(NamedFile::open("test--").is_err());
         let mut file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml")
             .unwrap()
@@ -609,15 +650,73 @@ mod tests {
             let _f: &mut File = &mut file;
         }
 
-        let resp = file.respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
+        let resp = file.respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             "text/x-toml"
-        )
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers()
+                .get(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
+                .unwrap(),
+            "inline; filename=Cargo.toml"
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_named_file_status_code() {
+    fn test_named_file_image() {
+        let mut file = NamedFile::open("tests/test.png")
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_cpu_pool(CpuPool::new(1));
+        {
+            file.file();
+            let _f: &File = &file;
+        }
+        {
+            let _f: &mut File = &mut file;
+        }
+
+        let resp = file.respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            "image/png"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers()
+                .get(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
+                .unwrap(),
+            "inline; filename=test.png"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_named_file_binary() {
+        let mut file = NamedFile::open("tests/test.binary")
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_cpu_pool(CpuPool::new(1));
+        {
+            file.file();
+            let _f: &File = &file;
+        }
+        {
+            let _f: &mut File = &mut file;
+        }
+
+        let resp = file.respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            "application/octet-stream"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers()
+                .get(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
+                .unwrap(),
+            "attachment; filename=test.binary"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_named_file_status_code_text() {
         let mut file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml")
             .unwrap()
             .set_status_code(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)
@@ -630,11 +729,17 @@ mod tests {
             let _f: &mut File = &mut file;
         }
 
-        let resp = file.respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
+        let resp = file.respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             "text/x-toml"
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            resp.headers()
+                .get(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
+                .unwrap(),
+            "inline; filename=Cargo.toml"
+        );
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
@@ -643,7 +748,7 @@ mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::POST).finish();
         let file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();
 
-        let resp = file.only_get().respond_to(req).unwrap();
+        let resp = file.only_get().respond_to(&req).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
     }
 
@@ -651,7 +756,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_named_file_any_method() {
         let req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::POST).finish();
         let file = NamedFile::open("Cargo.toml").unwrap();
-        let resp = file.respond_to(req).unwrap();
+        let resp = file.respond_to(&req).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
 
@@ -660,17 +765,17 @@ mod tests {
         let mut st = StaticFiles::new(".").show_files_listing();
         st.accessible = false;
         let resp = st.handle(HttpRequest::default())
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         st.accessible = true;
         st.show_index = false;
         let resp = st.handle(HttpRequest::default())
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
@@ -678,9 +783,9 @@ mod tests {
 
         st.show_index = true;
         let resp = st.handle(req)
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             "text/html; charset=utf-8"
@@ -696,9 +801,9 @@ mod tests {
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req)
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(),
@@ -709,9 +814,9 @@ mod tests {
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tests/");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req)
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(),
@@ -726,9 +831,9 @@ mod tests {
         req.match_info_mut().add("tail", "tools/wsload");
 
         let resp = st.handle(req)
-            .respond_to(HttpRequest::default())
+            .respond_to(&HttpRequest::default())
             .unwrap();
-        let resp = resp.as_response().expect("HTTP Response");
+        let resp = resp.as_msg();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::FOUND);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::LOCATION).unwrap(),

src/handler.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-use futures::Poll;
-use futures::future::{err, ok, Future, FutureResult};
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
+use futures::future::{err, ok, Future};
+use futures::{Async, Poll};
+
 use error::Error;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
@@ -22,30 +23,36 @@ pub trait Handler<S>: 'static {
 /// Types that implement this trait can be used as the return type of a handler.
 pub trait Responder {
     /// The associated item which can be returned.
-    type Item: Into<Reply>;
+    type Item: Into<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>>;
 
     /// The associated error which can be returned.
     type Error: Into<Error>;
 
-    /// Convert itself to `Reply` or `Error`.
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Self::Item, Self::Error>;
+    /// Convert itself to `AsyncResult` or `Error`.
+    fn respond_to<S: 'static>(
+        self, req: &HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<Self::Item, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 /// Trait implemented by types that can be extracted from request.
 ///
 /// Types that implement this trait can be used with `Route::with()` method.
-pub trait FromRequest<S>: Sized
-where
-    S: 'static,
-{
+pub trait FromRequest<S>: Sized {
     /// Configuration for conversion process
     type Config: Default;
 
     /// Future that resolves to a Self
-    type Result: Future<Item = Self, Error = Error>;
+    type Result: Into<AsyncResult<Self>>;
 
     /// Convert request to a Self
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, cfg: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result;
+
+    /// Convert request to a Self
+    ///
+    /// This method uses default extractor configuration
+    fn extract(req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
+        Self::from_request(req, &Self::Config::default())
+    }
 }
 
 /// Combines two different responder types into a single type
@@ -88,10 +95,12 @@ where
     A: Responder,
     B: Responder,
 {
-    type Item = Reply;
+    type Item = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S: 'static>(
+        self, req: &HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, Error> {
         match self {
             Either::A(a) => match a.respond_to(req) {
                 Ok(val) => Ok(val.into()),
@@ -177,67 +186,109 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-/// Represents response process.
-pub struct Reply(ReplyItem);
+/// Represents async result
+///
+/// Result could be in tree different forms.
+/// * Ok(T) - ready item
+/// * Err(E) - error happen during reply process
+/// * Future<T, E> - reply process completes in the future
+pub struct AsyncResult<I, E = Error>(Option<AsyncResultItem<I, E>>);
 
-pub(crate) enum ReplyItem {
-    Message(HttpResponse),
-    Future(Box<Future<Item = HttpResponse, Error = Error>>),
+impl<I, E> Future for AsyncResult<I, E> {
+    type Item = I;
+    type Error = E;
+
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<I, E> {
+        let res = self.0.take().expect("use after resolve");
+        match res {
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => Ok(Async::Ready(msg)),
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => Err(err),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(mut fut) => match fut.poll() {
+                Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
+                    self.0 = Some(AsyncResultItem::Future(fut));
+                    Ok(Async::NotReady)
+                }
+                Ok(Async::Ready(msg)) => Ok(Async::Ready(msg)),
+                Err(err) => Err(err),
+            },
+        }
+    }
 }
 
-impl Reply {
+pub(crate) enum AsyncResultItem<I, E> {
+    Ok(I),
+    Err(E),
+    Future(Box<Future<Item = I, Error = E>>),
+}
+
+impl<I, E> AsyncResult<I, E> {
     /// Create async response
     #[inline]
-    pub fn async<F>(fut: F) -> Reply
-    where
-        F: Future<Item = HttpResponse, Error = Error> + 'static,
-    {
-        Reply(ReplyItem::Future(Box::new(fut)))
+    pub fn async(fut: Box<Future<Item = I, Error = E>>) -> AsyncResult<I, E> {
+        AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Future(fut)))
     }
 
     /// Send response
     #[inline]
-    pub fn response<R: Into<HttpResponse>>(response: R) -> Reply {
-        Reply(ReplyItem::Message(response.into()))
+    pub fn ok<R: Into<I>>(ok: R) -> AsyncResult<I, E> {
+        AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Ok(ok.into())))
+    }
+
+    /// Send error
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn err<R: Into<E>>(err: R) -> AsyncResult<I, E> {
+        AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Err(err.into())))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn into(self) -> ReplyItem {
-        self.0
+    pub(crate) fn into(self) -> AsyncResultItem<I, E> {
+        self.0.expect("use after resolve")
     }
 
     #[cfg(test)]
-    pub(crate) fn as_response(&self) -> Option<&HttpResponse> {
-        match self.0 {
-            ReplyItem::Message(ref resp) => Some(resp),
+    pub(crate) fn as_msg(&self) -> &I {
+        match self.0.as_ref().unwrap() {
+            &AsyncResultItem::Ok(ref resp) => resp,
+            _ => panic!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn as_err(&self) -> Option<&E> {
+        match self.0.as_ref().unwrap() {
+            &AsyncResultItem::Err(ref err) => Some(err),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl Responder for Reply {
-    type Item = Reply;
+impl Responder for AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+    type Item = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(
+        self, _: &HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, Error> {
         Ok(self)
     }
 }
 
 impl Responder for HttpResponse {
-    type Item = Reply;
+    type Item = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
     type Error = Error;
 
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply, Error> {
-        Ok(Reply(ReplyItem::Message(self)))
+    fn respond_to<S>(
+        self, _: &HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, Error> {
+        Ok(AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Ok(self))))
     }
 }
 
-impl From<HttpResponse> for Reply {
+impl<T> From<T> for AsyncResult<T> {
     #[inline]
-    fn from(resp: HttpResponse) -> Reply {
-        Reply(ReplyItem::Message(resp))
+    fn from(resp: T) -> AsyncResult<T> {
+        AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -245,7 +296,7 @@ impl<T: Responder, E: Into<Error>> Responder for Result<T, E> {
     type Item = <T as Responder>::Item;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S: 'static>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<Self::Item, Error> {
         match self {
             Ok(val) => match val.respond_to(req) {
                 Ok(val) => Ok(val),
@@ -256,30 +307,42 @@ impl<T: Responder, E: Into<Error>> Responder for Result<T, E> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<E: Into<Error>> From<Result<Reply, E>> for Reply {
+impl<T, E: Into<Error>> From<Result<AsyncResult<T>, E>> for AsyncResult<T> {
     #[inline]
-    fn from(res: Result<Reply, E>) -> Self {
+    fn from(res: Result<AsyncResult<T>, E>) -> Self {
         match res {
             Ok(val) => val,
-            Err(err) => Reply(ReplyItem::Message(err.into().into())),
+            Err(err) => AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Err(err.into()))),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<E: Into<Error>> From<Result<HttpResponse, E>> for Reply {
+impl<T, E: Into<Error>> From<Result<T, E>> for AsyncResult<T> {
     #[inline]
-    fn from(res: Result<HttpResponse, E>) -> Self {
+    fn from(res: Result<T, E>) -> Self {
         match res {
-            Ok(val) => Reply(ReplyItem::Message(val)),
-            Err(err) => Reply(ReplyItem::Message(err.into().into())),
+            Ok(val) => AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Ok(val))),
+            Err(err) => AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Err(err.into()))),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Box<Future<Item = HttpResponse, Error = Error>>> for Reply {
+impl<T, E: Into<Error>> From<Result<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>, E>>
+    for AsyncResult<T>
+{
     #[inline]
-    fn from(fut: Box<Future<Item = HttpResponse, Error = Error>>) -> Reply {
-        Reply(ReplyItem::Future(fut))
+    fn from(res: Result<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>, E>) -> Self {
+        match res {
+            Ok(fut) => AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Future(fut))),
+            Err(err) => AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Err(err.into()))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>> for AsyncResult<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(fut: Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>) -> AsyncResult<T> {
+        AsyncResult(Some(AsyncResultItem::Future(fut)))
     }
 }
 
@@ -291,26 +354,29 @@ where
     I: Responder + 'static,
     E: Into<Error> + 'static,
 {
-    type Item = Reply;
+    type Item = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
     type Error = Error;
 
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<Reply, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S: 'static>(
+        self, req: &HttpRequest<S>,
+    ) -> Result<AsyncResult<HttpResponse>, Error> {
+        let req = req.clone();
         let fut = self.map_err(|e| e.into())
-            .then(move |r| match r.respond_to(req) {
-                Ok(reply) => match reply.into().0 {
-                    ReplyItem::Message(resp) => ok(resp),
+            .then(move |r| match r.respond_to(&req) {
+                Ok(reply) => match reply.into().into() {
+                    AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => ok(resp),
                     _ => panic!("Nested async replies are not supported"),
                 },
                 Err(e) => err(e),
             });
-        Ok(Reply::async(fut))
+        Ok(AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut)))
     }
 }
 
-/// Trait defines object that could be registered as resource route
+// /// Trait defines object that could be registered as resource route
 pub(crate) trait RouteHandler<S>: 'static {
-    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply;
+    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
 }
 
 /// Route handler wrapper for Handler
@@ -344,11 +410,10 @@ where
     R: Responder + 'static,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
-        let req2 = req.drop_state();
-        match self.h.handle(req).respond_to(req2) {
+    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+        match self.h.handle(req.clone()).respond_to(&req) {
             Ok(reply) => reply.into(),
-            Err(err) => Reply::response(err.into()),
+            Err(err) => AsyncResult::err(err.into()),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -390,18 +455,18 @@ where
     E: Into<Error> + 'static,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
-        let req2 = req.drop_state();
-        let fut = (self.h)(req).map_err(|e| e.into()).then(move |r| {
-            match r.respond_to(req2) {
-                Ok(reply) => match reply.into().0 {
-                    ReplyItem::Message(resp) => ok(resp),
-                    _ => panic!("Nested async replies are not supported"),
+    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+        let fut = (self.h)(req.clone())
+            .map_err(|e| e.into())
+            .then(move |r| match r.respond_to(&req) {
+                Ok(reply) => match reply.into().into() {
+                    AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Either::A(ok(resp)),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Err(e) => Either::A(err(e)),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => Either::B(fut),
                 },
-                Err(e) => err(e),
-            }
-        });
-        Reply::async(fut)
+                Err(e) => Either::A(err(e)),
+            });
+        AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut))
     }
 }
 
@@ -427,14 +492,15 @@ where
 /// }
 ///
 /// /// extract path info using serde
-/// fn index(state: State<MyApp>, info: Path<Info>) -> String {
-///     format!("{} {}!", state.msg, info.username)
+/// fn index(data: (State<MyApp>, Path<Info>)) -> String {
+///     let (state, path) = data;
+///     format!("{} {}!", state.msg, path.username)
 /// }
 ///
 /// fn main() {
 ///     let app = App::with_state(MyApp{msg: "Welcome"}).resource(
 ///        "/{username}/index.html",                      // <- define path parameters
-///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with2(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
+///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index));  // <- use `with` extractor
 /// }
 /// ```
 pub struct State<S>(HttpRequest<S>);
@@ -447,12 +513,12 @@ impl<S> Deref for State<S> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for State<S> {
+impl<S> FromRequest<S> for State<S> {
     type Config = ();
-    type Result = FutureResult<Self, Error>;
+    type Result = State<S>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, _: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
-        ok(State(req.clone()))
+        State(req.clone())
     }
 }

src/header/common/content_range.rs

@@ -171,16 +171,16 @@ impl Display for ContentRangeSpec {
                 range,
                 instance_length,
             } => {
-                try!(f.write_str("bytes "));
+                f.write_str("bytes ")?;
                 match range {
                     Some((first_byte, last_byte)) => {
-                        try!(write!(f, "{}-{}", first_byte, last_byte));
+                        write!(f, "{}-{}", first_byte, last_byte)?;
                     }
                     None => {
-                        try!(f.write_str("*"));
+                        f.write_str("*")?;
                     }
                 };
-                try!(f.write_str("/"));
+                f.write_str("/")?;
                 if let Some(v) = instance_length {
                     write!(f, "{}", v)
                 } else {
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ impl Display for ContentRangeSpec {
                 ref unit,
                 ref resp,
             } => {
-                try!(f.write_str(unit));
-                try!(f.write_str(" "));
+                f.write_str(unit)?;
+                f.write_str(" ")?;
                 f.write_str(resp)
             }
         }

src/header/mod.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use mime::Mime;
-use modhttp::Error as HttpError;
 use modhttp::header::GetAll;
+use modhttp::Error as HttpError;
 
 pub use modhttp::header::*;
 
@@ -116,8 +116,10 @@ pub enum ContentEncoding {
     #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
     Br,
     /// A format using the zlib structure with deflate algorithm
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Deflate,
     /// Gzip algorithm
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Gzip,
     /// Indicates the identity function (i.e. no compression, nor modification)
     Identity,
@@ -137,7 +139,9 @@ impl ContentEncoding {
         match *self {
             #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
             ContentEncoding::Br => "br",
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Gzip => "gzip",
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Deflate => "deflate",
             ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => "identity",
         }
@@ -149,7 +153,9 @@ impl ContentEncoding {
         match *self {
             #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
             ContentEncoding::Br => 1.1,
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Gzip => 1.0,
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Deflate => 0.9,
             ContentEncoding::Identity | ContentEncoding::Auto => 0.1,
         }
@@ -159,10 +165,12 @@ impl ContentEncoding {
 // TODO: remove memory allocation
 impl<'a> From<&'a str> for ContentEncoding {
     fn from(s: &'a str) -> ContentEncoding {
-        match s.trim().to_lowercase().as_ref() {
+        match AsRef::<str>::as_ref(&s.trim().to_lowercase()) {
             #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
             "br" => ContentEncoding::Br,
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             "gzip" => ContentEncoding::Gzip,
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             "deflate" => ContentEncoding::Deflate,
             _ => ContentEncoding::Identity,
         }
@@ -202,7 +210,7 @@ impl fmt::Write for Writer {
 #[doc(hidden)]
 /// Reads a comma-delimited raw header into a Vec.
 pub fn from_comma_delimited<T: FromStr>(
-    all: GetAll<HeaderValue>
+    all: GetAll<HeaderValue>,
 ) -> Result<Vec<T>, ParseError> {
     let mut result = Vec::new();
     for h in all {

src/header/shared/charset.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use self::Charset::*;
 
 /// A Mime charset.
 ///
-/// The string representation is normalised to upper case.
+/// The string representation is normalized to upper case.
 ///
 /// See [http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets/character-sets.xhtml][url].
 ///

src/header/shared/quality_item.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T: PartialEq> cmp::PartialOrd for QualityItem<T> {
 
 impl<T: fmt::Display> fmt::Display for QualityItem<T> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        try!(fmt::Display::fmt(&self.item, f));
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.item, f)?;
         match self.quality.0 {
             1000 => Ok(()),
             0 => f.write_str("; q=0"),

src/helpers.rs

@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ mod tests {
         for (path, target, code) in params {
             let req = app.prepare_request(TestRequest::with_uri(path).finish());
             let resp = app.run(req);
-            let r = resp.as_response().unwrap();
+            let r = resp.as_msg();
             assert_eq!(r.status(), code);
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ mod tests {
         for (path, code) in params {
             let req = app.prepare_request(TestRequest::with_uri(path).finish());
             let resp = app.run(req);
-            let r = resp.as_response().unwrap();
+            let r = resp.as_msg();
             assert_eq!(r.status(), code);
         }
     }
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ mod tests {
         for (path, target, code) in params {
             let req = app.prepare_request(TestRequest::with_uri(path).finish());
             let resp = app.run(req);
-            let r = resp.as_response().unwrap();
+            let r = resp.as_msg();
             assert_eq!(r.status(), code);
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(
@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ mod tests {
         for (path, target, code) in params {
             let req = app.prepare_request(TestRequest::with_uri(path).finish());
             let resp = app.run(req);
-            let r = resp.as_response().unwrap();
+            let r = resp.as_msg();
             assert_eq!(r.status(), code);
             if !target.is_empty() {
                 assert_eq!(

src/httpcodes.rs

@@ -1,213 +1,8 @@
 //! Basic http responses
-#![allow(non_upper_case_globals, deprecated)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
 use http::StatusCode;
-
-use body::Body;
-use error::Error;
-use handler::{Handler, Reply, Responder, RouteHandler};
-use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::{HttpResponse, HttpResponseBuilder};
 
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Ok()` instead")]
-pub const HttpOk: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::OK);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Created()` instead")]
-pub const HttpCreated: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::CREATED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Accepted()` instead")]
-pub const HttpAccepted: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::ACCEPTED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::pNonAuthoritativeInformation()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNonAuthoritativeInformation: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NoContent()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNoContent: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ResetContent()` instead")]
-pub const HttpResetContent: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::RESET_CONTENT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PartialContent()` instead")]
-pub const HttpPartialContent: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PARTIAL_CONTENT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::MultiStatus()` instead")]
-pub const HttpMultiStatus: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::MULTI_STATUS);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::AlreadyReported()` instead")]
-pub const HttpAlreadyReported: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::ALREADY_REPORTED);
-
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MultipleChoices()` instead")]
-pub const HttpMultipleChoices: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::MULTIPLE_CHOICES);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MovedPermanently()` instead")]
-pub const HttpMovedPermanently: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::MOVED_PERMANENTLY);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Found()` instead")]
-pub const HttpFound: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::FOUND);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::SeeOther()` instead")]
-pub const HttpSeeOther: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::SEE_OTHER);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotModified()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNotModified: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::UseProxy()` instead")]
-pub const HttpUseProxy: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::USE_PROXY);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::TemporaryRedirect()` instead")]
-pub const HttpTemporaryRedirect: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::TEMPORARY_REDIRECT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PermanentRedirect()` instead")]
-pub const HttpPermanentRedirect: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PERMANENT_REDIRECT);
-
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::BadRequest()` instead")]
-pub const HttpBadRequest: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::Unauthorized()` instead")]
-pub const HttpUnauthorized: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::UNAUTHORIZED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PaymentRequired()` instead")]
-pub const HttpPaymentRequired: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PAYMENT_REQUIRED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Forbidden()` instead")]
-pub const HttpForbidden: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::FORBIDDEN);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotFound()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNotFound: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()` instead")]
-pub const HttpMethodNotAllowed: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotAcceptable()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNotAcceptable: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ProxyAuthenticationRequired()` instead")]
-pub const HttpProxyAuthenticationRequired: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::RequestTimeout()` instead")]
-pub const HttpRequestTimeout: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Conflict()` instead")]
-pub const HttpConflict: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::CONFLICT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::Gone()` instead")]
-pub const HttpGone: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::GONE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::LengthRequired()` instead")]
-pub const HttpLengthRequired: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::LENGTH_REQUIRED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PreconditionFailed()` instead")]
-pub const HttpPreconditionFailed: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::PayloadTooLarge()` instead")]
-pub const HttpPayloadTooLarge: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::UriTooLong()` instead")]
-pub const HttpUriTooLong: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::URI_TOO_LONG);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::UnsupportedMediaType()` instead")]
-pub const HttpUnsupportedMediaType: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::RangeNotSatisfiable()` instead")]
-pub const HttpRangeNotSatisfiable: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ExpectationFailed()` instead")]
-pub const HttpExpectationFailed: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED);
-
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::InternalServerError()` instead")]
-pub const HttpInternalServerError: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::NotImplemented()` instead")]
-pub const HttpNotImplemented: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::NOT_IMPLEMENTED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse::BadGateway()` instead")]
-pub const HttpBadGateway: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::BAD_GATEWAY);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::ServiceUnavailable()` instead")]
-pub const HttpServiceUnavailable: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::GatewayTimeout()` instead")]
-pub const HttpGatewayTimeout: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::VersionNotSupported()` instead")]
-pub const HttpVersionNotSupported: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::VariantAlsoNegotiates()` instead")]
-pub const HttpVariantAlsoNegotiates: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::InsufficientStorage()` instead")]
-pub const HttpInsufficientStorage: StaticResponse =
-    StaticResponse(StatusCode::INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE);
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0",
-             note = "please use `HttpResponse::LoopDetected()` instead")]
-pub const HttpLoopDetected: StaticResponse = StaticResponse(StatusCode::LOOP_DETECTED);
-
-#[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "please use `HttpResponse` instead")]
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct StaticResponse(StatusCode);
-
-impl StaticResponse {
-    pub fn build(&self) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
-        HttpResponse::build(self.0)
-    }
-    pub fn build_from<S>(&self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
-        req.build_response(self.0)
-    }
-    pub fn with_reason(self, reason: &'static str) -> HttpResponse {
-        let mut resp = HttpResponse::new(self.0);
-        resp.set_reason(reason);
-        resp
-    }
-    pub fn with_body<B: Into<Body>>(self, body: B) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::with_body(self.0, body.into())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> Handler<S> for StaticResponse {
-    type Result = HttpResponse;
-
-    fn handle(&mut self, _: HttpRequest<S>) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::new(self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<S> RouteHandler<S> for StaticResponse {
-    fn handle(&mut self, _: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
-        Reply::response(HttpResponse::new(self.0))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Responder for StaticResponse {
-    type Item = HttpResponse;
-    type Error = Error;
-
-    fn respond_to(self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
-        Ok(self.build().finish())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<StaticResponse> for HttpResponse {
-    fn from(st: StaticResponse) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::new(st.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<StaticResponse> for Reply {
-    fn from(st: StaticResponse) -> Self {
-        HttpResponse::new(st.0).into()
-    }
-}
-
 macro_rules! STATIC_RESP {
     ($name:ident, $status:expr) => {
         #[allow(non_snake_case)]
@@ -286,34 +81,13 @@ impl HttpResponse {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::{Body, HttpBadRequest, HttpOk, HttpResponse};
+    use body::Body;
     use http::StatusCode;
+    use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_build() {
-        let resp = HttpOk.build().body(Body::Empty);
+        let resp = HttpResponse::Ok().body(Body::Empty);
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
     }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_response() {
-        let resp: HttpResponse = HttpOk.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_from() {
-        let resp: HttpResponse = HttpOk.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_with_reason() {
-        let resp: HttpResponse = HttpOk.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.reason(), "OK");
-
-        let resp = HttpBadRequest.with_reason("test");
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        assert_eq!(resp.reason(), "test");
-    }
 }

src/httpmessage.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use encoding::EncodingRef;
 use encoding::all::UTF_8;
 use encoding::label::encoding_from_whatwg_label;
 use encoding::types::{DecoderTrap, Encoding};
+use encoding::EncodingRef;
 use futures::{Future, Poll, Stream};
 use http::{header, HeaderMap};
 use http_range::HttpRange;
@@ -425,8 +425,8 @@ where
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use encoding::Encoding;
     use encoding::all::ISO_8859_2;
+    use encoding::Encoding;
     use futures::Async;
     use http::{Method, Uri, Version};
     use httprequest::HttpRequest;

src/httprequest.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
 //! HTTP Request message related code.
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use cookie::Cookie;
-use failure;
-use futures::future::{result, FutureResult};
-use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
-use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
-use http::{header, Extensions, HeaderMap, Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version};
-use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(transmute_ptr_to_ptr))]
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::{cmp, fmt, io, mem, str};
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use cookie::Cookie;
+use failure;
+use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
+use futures_cpupool::CpuPool;
+use http::{header, Extensions, HeaderMap, Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version};
 use tokio_io::AsyncRead;
 use url::{form_urlencoded, Url};
 
 use body::Body;
-use error::{CookieParseError, Error, PayloadError, UrlGenerationError};
+use error::{CookieParseError, PayloadError, UrlGenerationError};
 use handler::FromRequest;
 use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 use httpresponse::{HttpResponse, HttpResponseBuilder};
@@ -24,23 +23,32 @@ use param::Params;
 use payload::Payload;
 use router::{Resource, Router};
 use server::helpers::SharedHttpInnerMessage;
+use uri::Url as InnerUrl;
+
+bitflags! {
+    pub(crate) struct MessageFlags: u8 {
+        const KEEPALIVE = 0b0000_0010;
+    }
+}
 
 pub struct HttpInnerMessage {
     pub version: Version,
     pub method: Method,
-    pub uri: Uri,
+    pub(crate) url: InnerUrl,
+    pub(crate) flags: MessageFlags,
     pub headers: HeaderMap,
     pub extensions: Extensions,
     pub params: Params<'static>,
-    pub cookies: Option<Vec<Cookie<'static>>>,
-    pub query: Params<'static>,
-    pub query_loaded: bool,
     pub addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
     pub payload: Option<Payload>,
     pub info: Option<ConnectionInfo<'static>>,
+    pub prefix: u16,
     resource: RouterResource,
 }
 
+struct Query(Params<'static>);
+struct Cookies(Vec<Cookie<'static>>);
+
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
 enum RouterResource {
     Notset,
@@ -51,17 +59,16 @@ impl Default for HttpInnerMessage {
     fn default() -> HttpInnerMessage {
         HttpInnerMessage {
             method: Method::GET,
-            uri: Uri::default(),
+            url: InnerUrl::default(),
             version: Version::HTTP_11,
             headers: HeaderMap::with_capacity(16),
+            flags: MessageFlags::empty(),
             params: Params::new(),
-            query: Params::new(),
-            query_loaded: false,
-            cookies: None,
             addr: None,
             payload: None,
             extensions: Extensions::new(),
             info: None,
+            prefix: 0,
             resource: RouterResource::Notset,
         }
     }
@@ -71,20 +78,7 @@ impl HttpInnerMessage {
     /// Checks if a connection should be kept alive.
     #[inline]
     pub fn keep_alive(&self) -> bool {
-        if let Some(conn) = self.headers.get(header::CONNECTION) {
-            if let Ok(conn) = conn.to_str() {
-                if self.version == Version::HTTP_10 && conn.contains("keep-alive") {
-                    true
-                } else {
-                    self.version == Version::HTTP_11
-                        && !(conn.contains("close") || conn.contains("upgrade"))
-                }
-            } else {
-                false
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.version != Version::HTTP_10
-        }
+        self.flags.contains(MessageFlags::KEEPALIVE)
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -92,12 +86,11 @@ impl HttpInnerMessage {
         self.headers.clear();
         self.extensions.clear();
         self.params.clear();
-        self.query.clear();
-        self.query_loaded = false;
-        self.cookies = None;
         self.addr = None;
         self.info = None;
+        self.flags = MessageFlags::empty();
         self.payload = None;
+        self.prefix = 0;
         self.resource = RouterResource::Notset;
     }
 }
@@ -113,23 +106,26 @@ impl HttpRequest<()> {
     /// Construct a new Request.
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(
-        method: Method, uri: Uri, version: Version, headers: HeaderMap,
+        method: Method,
+        uri: Uri,
+        version: Version,
+        headers: HeaderMap,
         payload: Option<Payload>,
     ) -> HttpRequest {
+        let url = InnerUrl::new(uri);
         HttpRequest(
             SharedHttpInnerMessage::from_message(HttpInnerMessage {
                 method,
-                uri,
+                url,
                 version,
                 headers,
                 payload,
                 params: Params::new(),
-                query: Params::new(),
-                query_loaded: false,
-                cookies: None,
-                addr: None,
                 extensions: Extensions::new(),
+                addr: None,
                 info: None,
+                prefix: 0,
+                flags: MessageFlags::empty(),
                 resource: RouterResource::Notset,
             }),
             None,
@@ -197,7 +193,13 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
 
     /// Request extensions
     #[inline]
-    pub fn extensions(&mut self) -> &mut Extensions {
+    pub fn extensions(&self) -> &Extensions {
+        &self.as_ref().extensions
+    }
+
+    /// Mutable reference to a the request's extensions
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn extensions_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Extensions {
         &mut self.as_mut().extensions
     }
 
@@ -230,26 +232,19 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
     }
 
     #[doc(hidden)]
-    pub fn prefix_len(&self) -> usize {
-        if let Some(router) = self.router() {
-            router.prefix().len()
-        } else {
-            0
-        }
+    pub fn prefix_len(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.as_ref().prefix as u16
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn set_prefix_len(&mut self, len: u16) {
+        self.as_mut().prefix = len;
     }
 
     /// Read the Request Uri.
     #[inline]
     pub fn uri(&self) -> &Uri {
-        &self.as_ref().uri
-    }
-
-    /// Returns mutable the Request Uri.
-    ///
-    /// This might be useful for middlewares, e.g. path normalization.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn uri_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Uri {
-        &mut self.as_mut().uri
+        self.as_ref().url.uri()
     }
 
     /// Read the Request method.
@@ -275,15 +270,7 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
     /// The target path of this Request.
     #[inline]
     pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
-        self.uri().path()
-    }
-
-    /// Percent decoded path of this Request.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn path_decoded(&self) -> Cow<str> {
-        percent_decode(self.uri().path().as_bytes())
-            .decode_utf8()
-            .unwrap()
+        self.as_ref().url.path()
     }
 
     /// Get *ConnectionInfo* for correct request.
@@ -317,7 +304,9 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn url_for<U, I>(
-        &self, name: &str, elements: U
+        &self,
+        name: &str,
+        elements: U,
     ) -> Result<Url, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -370,27 +359,30 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
     /// To get client connection information `connection_info()` method should
     /// be used.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> Option<&SocketAddr> {
-        self.as_ref().addr.as_ref()
+    pub fn peer_addr(&self) -> Option<SocketAddr> {
+        self.as_ref().addr
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn set_peer_addr(&mut self, addr: Option<SocketAddr>) {
-        self.as_mut().addr = addr
+        self.as_mut().addr = addr;
     }
 
+    #[doc(hidden)]
     /// Get a reference to the Params object.
     /// Params is a container for url query parameters.
-    pub fn query(&self) -> &Params {
-        if !self.as_ref().query_loaded {
-            let params: &mut Params =
-                unsafe { mem::transmute(&mut self.as_mut().query) };
-            self.as_mut().query_loaded = true;
+    pub fn query<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Params {
+        if let None = self.extensions().get::<Query>() {
+            let mut params: Params<'a> = Params::new();
             for (key, val) in form_urlencoded::parse(self.query_string().as_ref()) {
                 params.add(key, val);
             }
+            let params: Params<'static> = unsafe { mem::transmute(params) };
+            self.as_mut().extensions.insert(Query(params));
         }
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(&self.as_ref().query) }
+        let params: &Params<'a> =
+            unsafe { mem::transmute(&self.extensions().get::<Query>().unwrap().0) };
+        params
     }
 
     /// The query string in the URL.
@@ -407,7 +399,7 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
 
     /// Load request cookies.
     pub fn cookies(&self) -> Result<&Vec<Cookie<'static>>, CookieParseError> {
-        if self.as_ref().cookies.is_none() {
+        if let None = self.extensions().get::<Query>() {
             let msg = self.as_mut();
             let mut cookies = Vec::new();
             for hdr in msg.headers.get_all(header::COOKIE) {
@@ -418,9 +410,9 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            msg.cookies = Some(cookies)
+            msg.extensions.insert(Cookies(cookies));
         }
-        Ok(self.as_ref().cookies.as_ref().unwrap())
+        Ok(&self.extensions().get::<Cookies>().unwrap().0)
     }
 
     /// Return request cookie.
@@ -435,12 +427,18 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
         None
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn set_cookies(&mut self, cookies: Option<Vec<Cookie<'static>>>) {
+        if let Some(cookies) = cookies {
+            self.extensions_mut().insert(Cookies(cookies));
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Get a reference to the Params object.
     ///
     /// Params is a container for url parameters.
-    /// Route supports glob patterns: * for a single wildcard segment and :param
-    /// for matching storing that segment of the request url in the Params
-    /// object.
+    /// A variable segment is specified in the form `{identifier}`,
+    /// where the identifier can be used later in a request handler to
+    /// access the matched value for that segment.
     #[inline]
     pub fn match_info(&self) -> &Params {
         unsafe { mem::transmute(&self.as_ref().params) }
@@ -454,7 +452,7 @@ impl<S> HttpRequest<S> {
 
     /// Checks if a connection should be kept alive.
     pub fn keep_alive(&self) -> bool {
-        self.as_ref().keep_alive()
+        self.as_ref().flags.contains(MessageFlags::KEEPALIVE)
     }
 
     /// Check if request requires connection upgrade
@@ -508,13 +506,13 @@ impl<S> Clone for HttpRequest<S> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S: 'static> FromRequest<S> for HttpRequest<S> {
+impl<S> FromRequest<S> for HttpRequest<S> {
     type Config = ();
-    type Result = FutureResult<Self, Error>;
+    type Result = Self;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest<S>, _: &Self::Config) -> Self::Result {
-        result(Ok(req.clone()))
+        req.clone()
     }
 }
 
@@ -578,7 +576,7 @@ impl<S> fmt::Debug for HttpRequest<S> {
             "\nHttpRequest {:?} {}:{}",
             self.as_ref().version,
             self.as_ref().method,
-            self.path_decoded()
+            self.path()
         );
         if !self.query_string().is_empty() {
             let _ = writeln!(f, "  query: ?{:?}", self.query_string());
@@ -597,7 +595,6 @@ impl<S> fmt::Debug for HttpRequest<S> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use http::{HttpTryFrom, Uri};
     use resource::ResourceHandler;
     use router::Resource;
     use server::ServerSettings;
@@ -610,14 +607,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(dbg.contains("HttpRequest"));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_uri_mut() {
-        let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
-        assert_eq!(req.path(), "/");
-        *req.uri_mut() = Uri::try_from("/test").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(req.path(), "/test");
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_no_request_cookies() {
         let req = HttpRequest::default();
@@ -681,12 +670,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
-            (
-                Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"),
-                Some(resource),
-            ),
-        ];
+        let routes =
+            vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"), Some(resource))];
         let (router, _) = Router::new("/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.has_route("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!router.has_route("/test/unknown"));
@@ -715,12 +700,8 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
-            (
-                Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"),
-                Some(resource),
-            ),
-        ];
+        let routes =
+            vec![(Resource::new("index", "/user/{name}.{ext}"), Some(resource))];
         let (router, _) = Router::new("/prefix/", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(router.has_route("/user/test.html"));
         assert!(!router.has_route("/prefix/user/test.html"));
@@ -739,12 +720,10 @@ mod tests {
 
         let mut resource = ResourceHandler::<()>::default();
         resource.name("index");
-        let routes = vec![
-            (
-                Resource::external("youtube", "https://youtube.com/watch/{video_id}"),
-                None,
-            ),
-        ];
+        let routes = vec![(
+            Resource::external("youtube", "https://youtube.com/watch/{video_id}"),
+            None,
+        )];
         let (router, _) = Router::new::<()>("", ServerSettings::default(), routes);
         assert!(!router.has_route("https://youtube.com/watch/unknown"));
 

src/httpresponse.rs

@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
 #[inline]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(borrowed_box))]
 fn parts<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>, err: &Option<HttpError>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<Box<InnerHttpResponse>>, err: &Option<HttpError>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut Box<InnerHttpResponse>> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ impl Responder for HttpResponseBuilder {
     type Error = Error;
 
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(mut self, _: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(mut self, _: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(self.finish())
     }
 }
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ impl Responder for &'static str {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
             .body(self))
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ impl Responder for &'static [u8] {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("application/octet-stream")
             .body(self))
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ impl Responder for String {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
             .body(self))
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ impl<'a> Responder for &'a String {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
             .body(self))
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ impl Responder for Bytes {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("application/octet-stream")
             .body(self))
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ impl Responder for BytesMut {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
             .content_type("application/octet-stream")
             .body(self))
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ impl HttpResponsePool {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_builder(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode,
     ) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
         let p = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if let Some(mut msg) = p.0.pop_front() {
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ impl HttpResponsePool {
 
     #[inline]
     pub fn get_response(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode, body: Body
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, status: StatusCode, body: Body,
     ) -> HttpResponse {
         let p = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if let Some(mut msg) = p.0.pop_front() {
@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ impl HttpResponsePool {
     #[inline(always)]
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(boxed_local, inline_always))]
     fn release(
-        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, mut inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>
+        pool: &Rc<UnsafeCell<HttpResponsePool>>, mut inner: Box<InnerHttpResponse>,
     ) {
         let pool = unsafe { &mut *pool.as_ref().get() };
         if pool.0.len() < 128 {
@@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(resp.body().binary().unwrap(), &Binary::from("test"));
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = "test".respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = "test".respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ mod tests {
             &Binary::from(b"test".as_ref())
         );
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = b"test".as_ref().respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = b"test".as_ref().respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -1102,11 +1102,7 @@ mod tests {
             &Binary::from("test".to_owned())
         );
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = "test"
-            .to_owned()
-            .respond_to(req.clone())
-            .ok()
-            .unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = "test".to_owned().respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -1130,10 +1126,7 @@ mod tests {
             &Binary::from(&"test".to_owned())
         );
 
-        let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned())
-            .respond_to(req.clone())
-            .ok()
-            .unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = (&"test".to_owned()).respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -1159,7 +1152,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
-        let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
@@ -1185,7 +1178,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         let b = BytesMut::from("test");
-        let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(req.clone()).ok().unwrap();
+        let resp: HttpResponse = b.respond_to(&req).ok().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),

src/json.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use futures::{Future, Poll, Stream};
 use http::header::CONTENT_LENGTH;
 use std::fmt;
-use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use mime;
-use serde::Serialize;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json;
 
 use error::{Error, JsonPayloadError, PayloadError};
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl<T: Serialize> Responder for Json<T> {
     type Item = HttpResponse;
     type Error = Error;
 
-    fn respond_to(self, req: HttpRequest) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+    fn respond_to<S>(self, req: &HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         let body = serde_json::to_string(&self.0)?;
 
         Ok(req.build_response(StatusCode::OK)
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl<S> JsonConfig<S> {
     /// Set custom error handler
     pub fn error_handler<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> &mut Self
     where
-        F: Fn(JsonPayloadError, HttpRequest<S>) -> Error + 'static
+        F: Fn(JsonPayloadError, HttpRequest<S>) -> Error + 'static,
     {
         self.ehandler = Rc::new(f);
         self
@@ -202,8 +202,10 @@ impl<S> JsonConfig<S> {
 
 impl<S> Default for JsonConfig<S> {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        JsonConfig { limit: 262_144,
-                     ehandler: Rc::new(|e, _| e.into()) }
+        JsonConfig {
+            limit: 262_144,
+            ehandler: Rc::new(|e, _| e.into()),
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ mod tests {
         let json = Json(MyObject {
             name: "test".to_owned(),
         });
-        let resp = json.respond_to(HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
+        let resp = json.respond_to(&HttpRequest::default()).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             "application/json"
@@ -415,13 +417,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut handler = With::new(|data: Json<MyObject>| data, cfg);
 
         let req = HttpRequest::default();
-        let err = handler
-            .handle(req)
-            .as_response()
-            .unwrap()
-            .error()
-            .is_some();
-        assert!(err);
+        assert!(handler.handle(req).as_err().is_some());
 
         let mut req = HttpRequest::default();
         req.headers_mut().insert(
@@ -434,12 +430,6 @@ mod tests {
         );
         req.payload_mut()
             .unread_data(Bytes::from_static(b"{\"name\": \"test\"}"));
-        let ok = handler
-            .handle(req)
-            .as_response()
-            .unwrap()
-            .error()
-            .is_none();
-        assert!(ok)
+        assert!(handler.handle(req).as_err().is_none())
     }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 //! * [HttpRequest](struct.HttpRequest.html) and
 //!   [HttpResponse](struct.HttpResponse.html): These structs
 //!   represent HTTP requests and responses and expose various methods
-//!   for inspecting, creating and otherwise utilising them.
+//!   for inspecting, creating and otherwise utilizing them.
 //!
 //! ## Features
 //!
@@ -59,13 +59,29 @@
 //! * SSL support with OpenSSL or `native-tls`
 //! * Middlewares (`Logger`, `Session`, `CORS`, `CSRF`, `DefaultHeaders`)
 //! * Built on top of [Actix actor framework](https://github.com/actix/actix)
-//! * Supported Rust version: 1.21 or later
-
+//! * Supported Rust version: 1.24 or later
+//!
+//! ## Package feature
+//!
+//! * `tls` - enables ssl support via `native-tls` crate
+//! * `alpn` - enables ssl support via `openssl` crate, require for `http/2`
+//!    support
+//! * `session` - enables session support, includes `ring` crate as
+//!   dependency
+//! * `brotli` - enables `brotli` compression support, requires `c`
+//!   compiler
+//! * `flate-c` - enables `gzip`, `deflate` compression support, requires
+//!   `c` compiler
+//! * `flate-rust` - experimental rust based implementation for
+//!   `gzip`, `deflate` compression.
+//!
 #![cfg_attr(actix_nightly, feature(
     specialization, // for impl ErrorResponse for std::error::Error
 ))]
-#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy",
-            allow(decimal_literal_representation, suspicious_arithmetic_impl))]
+#![cfg_attr(
+    feature = "cargo-clippy",
+    allow(decimal_literal_representation, suspicious_arithmetic_impl)
+)]
 
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate log;
@@ -95,6 +111,7 @@ extern crate mime_guess;
 extern crate mio;
 extern crate net2;
 extern crate rand;
+extern crate slab;
 extern crate tokio_core;
 extern crate tokio_io;
 extern crate url;
@@ -103,6 +120,7 @@ extern crate serde;
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 extern crate brotli2;
 extern crate encoding;
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
 extern crate flate2;
 extern crate h2 as http2;
 extern crate num_cpus;
@@ -110,7 +128,6 @@ extern crate percent_encoding;
 extern crate serde_json;
 extern crate serde_urlencoded;
 extern crate smallvec;
-extern crate trust_dns_resolver;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate actix;
 
@@ -136,6 +153,7 @@ mod extractor;
 mod handler;
 mod header;
 mod helpers;
+mod httpcodes;
 mod httpmessage;
 mod httprequest;
 mod httpresponse;
@@ -147,6 +165,8 @@ mod pipeline;
 mod resource;
 mod route;
 mod router;
+mod scope;
+mod uri;
 mod with;
 
 pub mod client;
@@ -163,18 +183,18 @@ pub use body::{Binary, Body};
 pub use context::HttpContext;
 pub use error::{Error, ResponseError, Result};
 pub use extractor::{Form, Path, Query};
-pub use handler::{AsyncResponder, Either, FromRequest, FutureResponse, Responder, State};
+pub use handler::{
+    AsyncResponder, Either, FromRequest, FutureResponse, Responder, State,
+};
 pub use httpmessage::HttpMessage;
 pub use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 pub use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 pub use json::Json;
+pub use scope::Scope;
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-pub mod httpcodes;
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-#[allow(deprecated)]
-pub use application::Application;
+#[deprecated(since = "0.6.2", note = "please use `use actix_web::ws::WsWriter`")]
+pub use ws::WsWriter;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "openssl")]
 pub(crate) const HAS_OPENSSL: bool = true;
@@ -200,7 +220,7 @@ pub mod dev {
     pub use body::BodyStream;
     pub use context::Drain;
     pub use extractor::{FormConfig, PayloadConfig};
-    pub use handler::{Handler, Reply};
+    pub use handler::{AsyncResult, Handler};
     pub use httpmessage::{MessageBody, UrlEncoded};
     pub use httpresponse::HttpResponseBuilder;
     pub use info::ConnectionInfo;
@@ -209,6 +229,7 @@ pub mod dev {
     pub use resource::ResourceHandler;
     pub use route::Route;
     pub use router::{Resource, ResourceType, Router};
+    pub use with::ExtractorConfig;
 }
 
 pub mod http {

src/middleware/cors.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 //!
 //!   1. Call [`Cors::build`](struct.Cors.html#method.build) to start building.
 //!   2. Use any of the builder methods to set fields in the backend.
-//! 3. Call [finish](struct.Cors.html#method.finish) to retrieve the
-//! constructed backend.
+//!   3. Call [finish](struct.Cors.html#method.finish) to retrieve the
+//!      constructed backend.
 //!
 //! Cors middleware could be used as parameter for `App::middleware()` or
 //! `ResourceHandler::middleware()` methods. But you have to use
@@ -64,26 +64,36 @@ use resource::ResourceHandler;
 #[derive(Debug, Fail)]
 pub enum CorsError {
     /// The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided
-    #[fail(display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` is required but was not provided"
+    )]
     MissingOrigin,
     /// The HTTP request header `Origin` could not be parsed correctly.
     #[fail(display = "The HTTP request header `Origin` could not be parsed correctly.")]
     BadOrigin,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is
     /// missing
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is missing")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` is required but is missing"
+    )]
     MissingRequestMethod,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Method` has an invalid value"
+    )]
     BadRequestMethod,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid
     /// value
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid value")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  has an invalid value"
+    )]
     BadRequestHeaders,
     /// The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
     /// missing.
-    #[fail(display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
-                     missing")]
+    #[fail(
+        display = "The request header `Access-Control-Request-Headers`  is required but is
+                     missing"
+    )]
     MissingRequestHeaders,
     /// Origin is not allowed to make this request
     #[fail(display = "Origin is not allowed to make this request")]
@@ -292,7 +302,7 @@ impl Cors {
     }
 
     fn validate_allowed_method<S>(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>,
     ) -> Result<(), CorsError> {
         if let Some(hdr) = req.headers()
             .get(header::ACCESS_CONTROL_REQUEST_METHOD)
@@ -313,7 +323,7 @@ impl Cors {
     }
 
     fn validate_allowed_headers<S>(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>,
     ) -> Result<(), CorsError> {
         match self.inner.headers {
             AllOrSome::All => Ok(()),
@@ -419,7 +429,7 @@ impl<S> Middleware<S> for Cors {
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         match self.inner.origins {
             AllOrSome::All => {
@@ -506,7 +516,7 @@ pub struct CorsBuilder<S = ()> {
 }
 
 fn cors<'a>(
-    parts: &'a mut Option<Inner>, err: &Option<http::Error>
+    parts: &'a mut Option<Inner>, err: &Option<http::Error>,
 ) -> Option<&'a mut Inner> {
     if err.is_some() {
         return None;
@@ -815,7 +825,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> CorsBuilder<S> {
         if let AllOrSome::Some(ref origins) = cors.origins {
             let s = origins
                 .iter()
-                .fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + &format!("{}", v));
+                .fold(String::new(), |s, v| s + &v.to_string());
             cors.origins_str = Some(HeaderValue::try_from(s.as_str()).unwrap());
         }
 

src/middleware/csrf.rs

@@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ impl CsrfFilter {
 
     /// Add an origin that is allowed to make requests. Will be verified
     /// against the `Origin` request header.
-    pub fn allowed_origin(mut self, origin: &str) -> CsrfFilter {
-        self.origins.insert(origin.to_owned());
+    pub fn allowed_origin<T: Into<String>>(mut self, origin: T) -> CsrfFilter {
+        self.origins.insert(origin.into());
         self
     }
 

src/middleware/defaultheaders.rs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ impl DefaultHeaders {
 
 impl<S> Middleware<S> for DefaultHeaders {
     fn response(
-        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, mut resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         for (key, value) in self.headers.iter() {
             if !resp.headers().contains_key(key) {

src/middleware/errhandlers.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ type ErrorHandler<S> = Fn(&mut HttpRequest<S>, HttpResponse) -> Result<Response>
 ///
 /// You can use `ErrorHandlers::handler()` method  to register a custom error
 /// handler for specific status code. You can modify existing response or
-/// create completly new one.
+/// create completely new one.
 ///
 /// ## Example
 ///
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl<S> ErrorHandlers<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> Middleware<S> for ErrorHandlers<S> {
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         if let Some(handler) = self.handlers.get(&resp.status()) {
             handler(req, resp)
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> Middleware<S> for ErrorHandlers<S> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use http::StatusCode;
     use http::header::CONTENT_TYPE;
+    use http::StatusCode;
 
     fn render_500<S>(_: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> Result<Response> {
         let mut builder = resp.into_builder();

src/middleware/identity.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+//! Request identity service for Actix applications.
+//!
+//! [**IdentityService**](struct.IdentityService.html) middleware can be
+//! used with different policies types to store identity information.
+//!
+//! Bu default, only cookie identity policy is implemented. Other backend
+//! implementations can be added separately.
+//!
+//! [**CookieIdentityPolicy**](struct.CookieIdentityPolicy.html)
+//! uses cookies as identity storage.
+//!
+//! To access current request identity
+//! [**RequestIdentity**](trait.RequestIdentity.html) should be used.
+//! *HttpRequest* implements *RequestIdentity* trait.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! use actix_web::middleware::identity::RequestIdentity;
+//! use actix_web::middleware::identity::{CookieIdentityPolicy, IdentityService};
+//! use actix_web::*;
+//!
+//! fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<String> {
+//!     // access request identity
+//!     if let Some(id) = req.identity() {
+//!         Ok(format!("Welcome! {}", id))
+//!     } else {
+//!         Ok("Welcome Anonymous!".to_owned())
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn login(mut req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+//!     req.remember("User1".to_owned()); // <- remember identity
+//!     HttpResponse::Ok().finish()
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn logout(mut req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+//!     req.forget(); // <- remove identity
+//!     HttpResponse::Ok().finish()
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let app = App::new().middleware(IdentityService::new(
+//!         // <- create identity middleware
+//!         CookieIdentityPolicy::new(&[0; 32])    // <- create cookie session backend
+//!               .name("auth-cookie")
+//!               .secure(false),
+//!     ));
+//! }
+//! ```
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
+use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar, Key};
+use futures::future::{err as FutErr, ok as FutOk, FutureResult};
+use futures::Future;
+use time::Duration;
+
+use error::{Error, Result};
+use http::header::{self, HeaderValue};
+use httprequest::HttpRequest;
+use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
+use middleware::{Middleware, Response, Started};
+
+/// The helper trait to obtain your identity from a request.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// use actix_web::*;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::identity::RequestIdentity;
+///
+/// fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<String> {
+///     // access request identity
+///     if let Some(id) = req.identity() {
+///         Ok(format!("Welcome! {}", id))
+///     } else {
+///         Ok("Welcome Anonymous!".to_owned())
+///     }
+/// }
+///
+/// fn login(mut req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+///     req.remember("User1".to_owned()); // <- remember identity
+///     HttpResponse::Ok().finish()
+/// }
+///
+/// fn logout(mut req: HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+///     req.forget();                     // <- remove identity
+///     HttpResponse::Ok().finish()
+/// }
+/// # fn main() {}
+/// ```
+pub trait RequestIdentity {
+    /// Return the claimed identity of the user associated request or
+    /// ``None`` if no identity can be found associated with the request.
+    fn identity(&self) -> Option<&str>;
+
+    /// Remember identity.
+    fn remember(&mut self, identity: String);
+
+    /// This method is used to 'forget' the current identity on subsequent
+    /// requests.
+    fn forget(&mut self);
+}
+
+impl<S> RequestIdentity for HttpRequest<S> {
+    fn identity(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        if let Some(id) = self.extensions().get::<IdentityBox>() {
+            return id.0.identity();
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn remember(&mut self, identity: String) {
+        if let Some(id) = self.extensions_mut().get_mut::<IdentityBox>() {
+            return id.0.remember(identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn forget(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(id) = self.extensions_mut().get_mut::<IdentityBox>() {
+            return id.0.forget();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An identity
+pub trait Identity: 'static {
+    fn identity(&self) -> Option<&str>;
+
+    fn remember(&mut self, key: String);
+
+    fn forget(&mut self);
+
+    /// Write session to storage backend.
+    fn write(&mut self, resp: HttpResponse) -> Result<Response>;
+}
+
+/// Identity policy definition.
+pub trait IdentityPolicy<S>: Sized + 'static {
+    type Identity: Identity;
+    type Future: Future<Item = Self::Identity, Error = Error>;
+
+    /// Parse the session from request and load data from a service identity.
+    fn from_request(&self, request: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Future;
+}
+
+/// Request identity middleware
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate actix;
+/// # extern crate actix_web;
+/// use actix_web::App;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::identity::{IdentityService, CookieIdentityPolicy};
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///    let app = App::new().middleware(
+///        IdentityService::new(                      // <- create identity middleware
+///            CookieIdentityPolicy::new(&[0; 32])    // <- create cookie session backend
+///               .name("auth-cookie")
+///               .secure(false))
+///    );
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub struct IdentityService<T> {
+    backend: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> IdentityService<T> {
+    /// Create new identity service with specified backend.
+    pub fn new(backend: T) -> Self {
+        IdentityService { backend }
+    }
+}
+
+struct IdentityBox(Box<Identity>);
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+unsafe impl Send for IdentityBox {}
+#[doc(hidden)]
+unsafe impl Sync for IdentityBox {}
+
+impl<S: 'static, T: IdentityPolicy<S>> Middleware<S> for IdentityService<T> {
+    fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<Started> {
+        let mut req = req.clone();
+
+        let fut = self.backend
+            .from_request(&mut req)
+            .then(move |res| match res {
+                Ok(id) => {
+                    req.extensions_mut().insert(IdentityBox(Box::new(id)));
+                    FutOk(None)
+                }
+                Err(err) => FutErr(err),
+            });
+        Ok(Started::Future(Box::new(fut)))
+    }
+
+    fn response(
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
+    ) -> Result<Response> {
+        if let Some(mut id) = req.extensions_mut().remove::<IdentityBox>() {
+            id.0.write(resp)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Response::Done(resp))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[doc(hidden)]
+/// Identity that uses private cookies as identity storage.
+pub struct CookieIdentity {
+    changed: bool,
+    identity: Option<String>,
+    inner: Rc<CookieIdentityInner>,
+}
+
+impl Identity for CookieIdentity {
+    fn identity(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.identity.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_ref())
+    }
+
+    fn remember(&mut self, value: String) {
+        self.changed = true;
+        self.identity = Some(value);
+    }
+
+    fn forget(&mut self) {
+        self.changed = true;
+        self.identity = None;
+    }
+
+    fn write(&mut self, mut resp: HttpResponse) -> Result<Response> {
+        if self.changed {
+            let _ = self.inner.set_cookie(&mut resp, self.identity.take());
+        }
+        Ok(Response::Done(resp))
+    }
+}
+
+struct CookieIdentityInner {
+    key: Key,
+    name: String,
+    path: String,
+    domain: Option<String>,
+    secure: bool,
+    max_age: Option<Duration>,
+}
+
+impl CookieIdentityInner {
+    fn new(key: &[u8]) -> CookieIdentityInner {
+        CookieIdentityInner {
+            key: Key::from_master(key),
+            name: "actix-identity".to_owned(),
+            path: "/".to_owned(),
+            domain: None,
+            secure: true,
+            max_age: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_cookie(&self, resp: &mut HttpResponse, id: Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
+        let some = id.is_some();
+        {
+            let id = id.unwrap_or_else(String::new);
+            let mut cookie = Cookie::new(self.name.clone(), id);
+            cookie.set_path(self.path.clone());
+            cookie.set_secure(self.secure);
+            cookie.set_http_only(true);
+
+            if let Some(ref domain) = self.domain {
+                cookie.set_domain(domain.clone());
+            }
+
+            if let Some(max_age) = self.max_age {
+                cookie.set_max_age(max_age);
+            }
+
+            let mut jar = CookieJar::new();
+            if some {
+                jar.private(&self.key).add(cookie);
+            } else {
+                jar.add_original(cookie.clone());
+                jar.private(&self.key).remove(cookie);
+            }
+
+            for cookie in jar.delta() {
+                let val = HeaderValue::from_str(&cookie.to_string())?;
+                resp.headers_mut().append(header::SET_COOKIE, val);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn load<S>(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Option<String> {
+        if let Ok(cookies) = req.cookies() {
+            for cookie in cookies {
+                if cookie.name() == self.name {
+                    let mut jar = CookieJar::new();
+                    jar.add_original(cookie.clone());
+
+                    let cookie_opt = jar.private(&self.key).get(&self.name);
+                    if let Some(cookie) = cookie_opt {
+                        return Some(cookie.value().into());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+/// Use cookies for request identity storage.
+///
+/// The constructors take a key as an argument.
+/// This is the private key for cookie - when this value is changed,
+/// all identities are lost. The constructors will panic if the key is less
+/// than 32 bytes in length.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate actix_web;
+/// use actix_web::App;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::identity::{IdentityService, CookieIdentityPolicy};
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///    let app = App::new().middleware(
+///        IdentityService::new(                    // <- create identity middleware
+///            CookieIdentityPolicy::new(&[0; 32])  // <- construct cookie policy
+///                .domain("www.rust-lang.org")
+///                .name("actix_auth")
+///                .path("/")
+///                .secure(true)));
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub struct CookieIdentityPolicy(Rc<CookieIdentityInner>);
+
+impl CookieIdentityPolicy {
+    /// Construct new `CookieIdentityPolicy` instance.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if key length is less than 32 bytes.
+    pub fn new(key: &[u8]) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        CookieIdentityPolicy(Rc::new(CookieIdentityInner::new(key)))
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `path` field in the session cookie being built.
+    pub fn path<S: Into<String>>(mut self, value: S) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0).unwrap().path = value.into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `name` field in the session cookie being built.
+    pub fn name<S: Into<String>>(mut self, value: S) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0).unwrap().name = value.into();
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `domain` field in the session cookie being built.
+    pub fn domain<S: Into<String>>(mut self, value: S) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0).unwrap().domain = Some(value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `secure` field in the session cookie being built.
+    ///
+    /// If the `secure` field is set, a cookie will only be transmitted when the
+    /// connection is secure - i.e. `https`
+    pub fn secure(mut self, value: bool) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0).unwrap().secure = value;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `max-age` field in the session cookie being built.
+    pub fn max_age(mut self, value: Duration) -> CookieIdentityPolicy {
+        Rc::get_mut(&mut self.0).unwrap().max_age = Some(value);
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> IdentityPolicy<S> for CookieIdentityPolicy {
+    type Identity = CookieIdentity;
+    type Future = FutureResult<CookieIdentity, Error>;
+
+    fn from_request(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Future {
+        let identity = self.0.load(req);
+        FutOk(CookieIdentity {
+            identity,
+            changed: false,
+            inner: Rc::clone(&self.0),
+        })
+    }
+}

src/middleware/logger.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Request logging middleware
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::env;
-use std::fmt;
-use std::fmt::{Display, Formatter};
+use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
 
 use libc;
 use regex::Regex;
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middleware::{Finished, Middleware, Started};
 
 /// `Middleware` for logging request and response info to the terminal.
+///
 /// `Logger` middleware uses standard log crate to log information. You should
 /// enable logger for `actix_web` package to see access log.
 /// ([`env_logger`](https://docs.rs/env_logger/*/env_logger/) or similar)
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ use middleware::{Finished, Middleware, Started};
 ///
 pub struct Logger {
     format: Format,
+    exclude: HashSet<String>,
 }
 
 impl Logger {
@@ -80,8 +82,15 @@ impl Logger {
     pub fn new(format: &str) -> Logger {
         Logger {
             format: Format::new(format),
+            exclude: HashSet::new(),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Ignore and do not log access info for specified path.
+    pub fn exclude<T: Into<String>>(mut self, path: T) -> Self {
+        self.exclude.insert(path.into());
+        self
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for Logger {
@@ -93,6 +102,7 @@ impl Default for Logger {
     fn default() -> Logger {
         Logger {
             format: Format::default(),
+            exclude: HashSet::new(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -101,21 +111,23 @@ struct StartTime(time::Tm);
 
 impl Logger {
     fn log<S>(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: &HttpResponse) {
-        let entry_time = req.extensions().get::<StartTime>().unwrap().0;
-
-        let render = |fmt: &mut Formatter| {
-            for unit in &self.format.0 {
-                unit.render(fmt, req, resp, entry_time)?;
-            }
-            Ok(())
-        };
-        info!("{}", FormatDisplay(&render));
+        if let Some(entry_time) = req.extensions().get::<StartTime>() {
+            let render = |fmt: &mut Formatter| {
+                for unit in &self.format.0 {
+                    unit.render(fmt, req, resp, entry_time.0)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            };
+            info!("{}", FormatDisplay(&render));
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl<S> Middleware<S> for Logger {
     fn start(&self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<Started> {
-        req.extensions().insert(StartTime(time::now()));
+        if !self.exclude.contains(req.path()) {
+            req.extensions_mut().insert(StartTime(time::now()));
+        }
         Ok(Started::Done)
     }
 

src/middleware/mod.rs

@@ -12,18 +12,16 @@ pub mod csrf;
 mod defaultheaders;
 mod errhandlers;
 #[cfg(feature = "session")]
-mod session;
+pub mod identity;
+#[cfg(feature = "session")]
+pub mod session;
 pub use self::defaultheaders::DefaultHeaders;
 pub use self::errhandlers::ErrorHandlers;
 pub use self::logger::Logger;
 
-#[cfg(feature = "session")]
-pub use self::session::{CookieSessionBackend, CookieSessionError, RequestSession,
-                        Session, SessionBackend, SessionImpl, SessionStorage};
-
 /// Middleware start result
 pub enum Started {
-    /// Execution completed
+    /// Middleware is completed, continue to next middleware
     Done,
     /// New http response got generated. If middleware generates response
     /// handler execution halts.
@@ -60,7 +58,7 @@ pub trait Middleware<S>: 'static {
     /// Method is called when handler returns response,
     /// but before sending http message to peer.
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
         Ok(Response::Done(resp))
     }

src/middleware/session.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,80 @@
+//! User sessions.
+//!
+//! Actix provides a general solution for session management. The
+//! [**SessionStorage**](struct.SessionStorage.html)
+//! middleware can be used with different backend types to store session
+//! data in different backends.
+//!
+//! By default, only cookie session backend is implemented. Other
+//! backend implementations can be added.
+//!
+//! [**CookieSessionBackend**](struct.CookieSessionBackend.html)
+//! uses cookies as session storage. `CookieSessionBackend` creates sessions
+//! which are limited to storing fewer than 4000 bytes of data, as the payload
+//! must fit into a single cookie. An internal server error is generated if a
+//! session contains more than 4000 bytes.
+//!
+//! A cookie may have a security policy of *signed* or *private*. Each has
+//! a respective `CookieSessionBackend` constructor.
+//!
+//! A *signed* cookie may be viewed but not modified by the client. A *private*
+//! cookie may neither be viewed nor modified by the client.
+//!
+//! The constructors take a key as an argument. This is the private key
+//! for cookie session - when this value is changed, all session data is lost.
+//!
+//! In general, you create a `SessionStorage` middleware and initialize it
+//! with specific backend implementation, such as a `CookieSessionBackend`.
+//! To access session data,
+//! [*HttpRequest::session()*](trait.RequestSession.html#tymethod.session)
+//! must be used. This method returns a
+//! [*Session*](struct.Session.html) object, which allows us to get or set
+//! session data.
+//!
+//! ```rust
+//! # extern crate actix;
+//! # extern crate actix_web;
+//! use actix_web::{server, App, HttpRequest, Result};
+//! use actix_web::middleware::session::{RequestSession, SessionStorage, CookieSessionBackend};
+//!
+//! fn index(req: HttpRequest) -> Result<&'static str> {
+//!     // access session data
+//!     if let Some(count) = req.session().get::<i32>("counter")? {
+//!         println!("SESSION value: {}", count);
+//!         req.session().set("counter", count+1)?;
+//!     } else {
+//!         req.session().set("counter", 1)?;
+//!     }
+//!
+//!     Ok("Welcome!")
+//! }
+//!
+//! fn main() {
+//!     let sys = actix::System::new("basic-example");
+//!     server::new(
+//!       || App::new().middleware(
+//!           SessionStorage::new(          // <- create session middleware
+//!             CookieSessionBackend::signed(&[0; 32]) // <- create signed cookie session backend
+//!                 .secure(false)
+//!          )))
+//!         .bind("127.0.0.1:59880").unwrap()
+//!         .start();
+//! #     actix::Arbiter::system().do_send(actix::msgs::SystemExit(0));
+//!     let _ = sys.run();
+//! }
+//! ```
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar, Key};
+use futures::future::{err as FutErr, ok as FutOk, FutureResult};
 use futures::Future;
-use futures::future::{FutureResult, err as FutErr, ok as FutOk};
 use http::header::{self, HeaderValue};
-use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
+use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json;
 use serde_json::error::Error as JsonError;
 use time::Duration;
@@ -21,7 +88,7 @@ use middleware::{Middleware, Response, Started};
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// use actix_web::*;
-/// use actix_web::middleware::RequestSession;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::session::RequestSession;
 ///
 /// fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Result<&'static str> {
 ///     // access session data
@@ -36,17 +103,15 @@ use middleware::{Middleware, Response, Started};
 /// # fn main() {}
 /// ```
 pub trait RequestSession {
-    fn session(&mut self) -> Session;
+    fn session(&self) -> Session;
 }
 
 impl<S> RequestSession for HttpRequest<S> {
-    fn session(&mut self) -> Session {
-        if let Some(s_impl) = self.extensions().get_mut::<Arc<SessionImplBox>>() {
-            if let Some(s) = Arc::get_mut(s_impl) {
-                return Session(s.0.as_mut());
-            }
+    fn session(&self) -> Session {
+        if let Some(s_impl) = self.extensions().get::<Arc<SessionImplCell>>() {
+            return Session(SessionInner::Session(Arc::clone(&s_impl)));
         }
-        Session(unsafe { &mut DUMMY })
+        Session(SessionInner::None)
     }
 }
 
@@ -58,7 +123,7 @@ impl<S> RequestSession for HttpRequest<S> {
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// use actix_web::*;
-/// use actix_web::middleware::RequestSession;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::session::RequestSession;
 ///
 /// fn index(mut req: HttpRequest) -> Result<&'static str> {
 ///     // access session data
@@ -72,41 +137,65 @@ impl<S> RequestSession for HttpRequest<S> {
 /// }
 /// # fn main() {}
 /// ```
-pub struct Session<'a>(&'a mut SessionImpl);
+pub struct Session(SessionInner);
 
-impl<'a> Session<'a> {
+enum SessionInner {
+    Session(Arc<SessionImplCell>),
+    None,
+}
+
+impl Session {
     /// Get a `value` from the session.
-    pub fn get<T: Deserialize<'a>>(&'a self, key: &str) -> Result<Option<T>> {
-        if let Some(s) = self.0.get(key) {
-            Ok(Some(serde_json::from_str(s)?))
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
+    pub fn get<T: DeserializeOwned>(&self, key: &str) -> Result<Option<T>> {
+        match self.0 {
+            SessionInner::Session(ref sess) => {
+                if let Some(s) = sess.as_ref().0.borrow().get(key) {
+                    Ok(Some(serde_json::from_str(s)?))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+            SessionInner::None => Ok(None),
         }
     }
 
     /// Set a `value` from the session.
-    pub fn set<T: Serialize>(&mut self, key: &str, value: T) -> Result<()> {
-        self.0.set(key, serde_json::to_string(&value)?);
-        Ok(())
+    pub fn set<T: Serialize>(&self, key: &str, value: T) -> Result<()> {
+        match self.0 {
+            SessionInner::Session(ref sess) => {
+                sess.as_ref()
+                    .0
+                    .borrow_mut()
+                    .set(key, serde_json::to_string(&value)?);
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            SessionInner::None => Ok(()),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Remove value from the session.
-    pub fn remove(&'a mut self, key: &str) {
-        self.0.remove(key)
+    pub fn remove(&self, key: &str) {
+        match self.0 {
+            SessionInner::Session(ref sess) => sess.as_ref().0.borrow_mut().remove(key),
+            SessionInner::None => (),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Clear the session.
-    pub fn clear(&'a mut self) {
-        self.0.clear()
+    pub fn clear(&self) {
+        match self.0 {
+            SessionInner::Session(ref sess) => sess.as_ref().0.borrow_mut().clear(),
+            SessionInner::None => (),
+        }
     }
 }
 
-struct SessionImplBox(Box<SessionImpl>);
+struct SessionImplCell(RefCell<Box<SessionImpl>>);
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
-unsafe impl Send for SessionImplBox {}
+unsafe impl Send for SessionImplCell {}
 #[doc(hidden)]
-unsafe impl Sync for SessionImplBox {}
+unsafe impl Sync for SessionImplCell {}
 
 /// Session storage middleware
 ///
@@ -114,7 +203,7 @@ unsafe impl Sync for SessionImplBox {}
 /// # extern crate actix;
 /// # extern crate actix_web;
 /// use actix_web::App;
-/// use actix_web::middleware::{SessionStorage, CookieSessionBackend};
+/// use actix_web::middleware::session::{SessionStorage, CookieSessionBackend};
 ///
 /// fn main() {
 ///    let app = App::new().middleware(
@@ -141,8 +230,9 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: SessionBackend<S>> Middleware<S> for SessionStorage<T, S> {
             .from_request(&mut req)
             .then(move |res| match res {
                 Ok(sess) => {
-                    req.extensions()
-                        .insert(Arc::new(SessionImplBox(Box::new(sess))));
+                    req.extensions_mut().insert(Arc::new(SessionImplCell(
+                        RefCell::new(Box::new(sess)),
+                    )));
                     FutOk(None)
                 }
                 Err(err) => FutErr(err),
@@ -151,10 +241,10 @@ impl<S: 'static, T: SessionBackend<S>> Middleware<S> for SessionStorage<T, S> {
     }
 
     fn response(
-        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
+        &self, req: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
     ) -> Result<Response> {
-        if let Some(s_box) = req.extensions().remove::<Arc<SessionImplBox>>() {
-            s_box.0.write(resp)
+        if let Some(s_box) = req.extensions_mut().remove::<Arc<SessionImplCell>>() {
+            s_box.0.borrow_mut().write(resp)
         } else {
             Ok(Response::Done(resp))
         }
@@ -186,23 +276,6 @@ pub trait SessionBackend<S>: Sized + 'static {
     fn from_request(&self, request: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::ReadFuture;
 }
 
-/// Dummy session impl, does not do anything
-struct DummySessionImpl;
-
-static mut DUMMY: DummySessionImpl = DummySessionImpl;
-
-impl SessionImpl for DummySessionImpl {
-    fn get(&self, _: &str) -> Option<&str> {
-        None
-    }
-    fn set(&mut self, _: &str, _: String) {}
-    fn remove(&mut self, _: &str) {}
-    fn clear(&mut self) {}
-    fn write(&self, resp: HttpResponse) -> Result<Response> {
-        Ok(Response::Done(resp))
-    }
-}
-
 /// Session that uses signed cookies as session storage
 pub struct CookieSession {
     changed: bool,
@@ -284,7 +357,7 @@ impl CookieSessionInner {
     }
 
     fn set_cookie(
-        &self, resp: &mut HttpResponse, state: &HashMap<String, String>
+        &self, resp: &mut HttpResponse, state: &HashMap<String, String>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         let value =
             serde_json::to_string(&state).map_err(CookieSessionError::Serialize)?;
@@ -372,7 +445,7 @@ impl CookieSessionInner {
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// # extern crate actix_web;
-/// use actix_web::middleware::CookieSessionBackend;
+/// use actix_web::middleware::session::CookieSessionBackend;
 ///
 /// # fn main() {
 /// let backend: CookieSessionBackend = CookieSessionBackend::signed(&[0; 32])
@@ -452,3 +525,30 @@ impl<S> SessionBackend<S> for CookieSessionBackend {
         })
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use application::App;
+    use test;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn cookie_session() {
+        let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(|| {
+            App::new()
+                .middleware(SessionStorage::new(
+                    CookieSessionBackend::signed(&[0; 32]).secure(false),
+                ))
+                .resource("/", |r| {
+                    r.f(|req| {
+                        let _ = req.session().set("counter", 100);
+                        "test"
+                    })
+                })
+        });
+
+        let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/")).finish().unwrap();
+        let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+        assert!(response.cookie("actix-session").is_some());
+    }
+}

src/multipart.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ use std::{cmp, fmt};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::task::{current as current_task, Task};
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
-use http::HttpTryFrom;
 use http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue};
+use http::HttpTryFrom;
 use httparse;
 use mime;
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn read_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<bool, MultipartError> {
         // TODO: need to read epilogue
         match payload.readline()? {
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn skip_until_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<bool, MultipartError> {
         let mut eof = false;
         loop {
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn poll(
-        &mut self, safety: &Safety
+        &mut self, safety: &Safety,
     ) -> Poll<Option<MultipartItem<S>>, MultipartError> {
         if self.state == InnerState::Eof {
             Ok(Async::Ready(None))
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ where
     S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
 {
     fn new(
-        payload: PayloadRef<S>, boundary: String, headers: &HeaderMap
+        payload: PayloadRef<S>, boundary: String, headers: &HeaderMap,
     ) -> Result<InnerField<S>, PayloadError> {
         let len = if let Some(len) = headers.get(header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
             if let Ok(s) = len.to_str() {
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ where
     /// Reads body part content chunk of the specified size.
     /// The body part must has `Content-Length` header with proper value.
     fn read_len(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, size: &mut u64
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, size: &mut u64,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
         if *size == 0 {
             Ok(Async::Ready(None))
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@ where
     /// Reads content chunk of body part with unknown length.
     /// The `Content-Length` header for body part is not necessary.
     fn read_stream(
-        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str
+        payload: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, boundary: &str,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
         match payload.read_until(b"\r")? {
             Async::NotReady => Ok(Async::NotReady),

src/param.rs

@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ impl<'a> Params<'a> {
         self.0.push((name.into(), value.into()));
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn set<N, V>(&mut self, name: N, value: V)
+    where
+        N: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
+        V: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,
+    {
+        let name = name.into();
+        let value = value.into();
+        for item in &mut self.0 {
+            if item.0 == name {
+                item.1 = value;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        self.0.push((name, value));
+    }
+
     /// Check if there are any matched patterns
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
         self.0.is_empty()

src/pipeline.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use application::Inner;
 use body::{Body, BodyStream};
 use context::{ActorHttpContext, Frame};
 use error::Error;
-use handler::{Reply, ReplyItem};
+use handler::{AsyncResult, AsyncResultItem};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ pub(crate) enum HandlerType {
 pub(crate) trait PipelineHandler<S> {
     fn encoding(&self) -> ContentEncoding;
 
-    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, htype: HandlerType) -> Reply;
+    fn handle(
+        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, htype: HandlerType,
+    ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct Pipeline<S, H>(PipelineInfo<S>, PipelineState<S, H>);
@@ -67,7 +69,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> PipelineState<S, H> {
 }
 
 struct PipelineInfo<S> {
-    req: HttpRequest<S>,
+    req: UnsafeCell<HttpRequest<S>>,
     count: u16,
     mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
     context: Option<Box<ActorHttpContext>>,
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ struct PipelineInfo<S> {
 impl<S> PipelineInfo<S> {
     fn new(req: HttpRequest<S>) -> PipelineInfo<S> {
         PipelineInfo {
-            req,
+            req: UnsafeCell::new(req),
             count: 0,
             mws: Rc::new(Vec::new()),
             error: None,
@@ -89,11 +91,17 @@ impl<S> PipelineInfo<S> {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn req(&self) -> &HttpRequest<S> {
+        unsafe { &*self.req.get() }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref))]
     fn req_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpRequest<S> {
         #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
         unsafe {
-            mem::transmute(&self.req)
+            &mut *self.req.get()
         }
     }
 
@@ -116,8 +124,8 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> Pipeline<S, H> {
         handler: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType,
     ) -> Pipeline<S, H> {
         let mut info = PipelineInfo {
-            req,
             mws,
+            req: UnsafeCell::new(req),
             count: 0,
             error: None,
             context: None,
@@ -159,7 +167,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> HttpHandlerTask for Pipeline<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll_io(&mut self, io: &mut Writer) -> Poll<bool, Error> {
-        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { mem::transmute(&mut self.0) };
+        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { &mut *(&mut self.0 as *mut _) };
 
         loop {
             if self.1.is_response() {
@@ -197,7 +205,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> HttpHandlerTask for Pipeline<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<(), Error> {
-        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { mem::transmute(&mut self.0) };
+        let info: &mut PipelineInfo<_> = unsafe { &mut *(&mut self.0 as *mut _) };
 
         loop {
             match self.1 {
@@ -228,38 +236,29 @@ struct StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
 
 impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
     fn init(
-        info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType
+        info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<H>>, htype: HandlerType,
     ) -> PipelineState<S, H> {
         // execute middlewares, we need this stage because middlewares could be
         // non-async and we can move to next state immediately
         let len = info.mws.len() as u16;
         loop {
             if info.count == len {
-                let reply = unsafe { &mut *hnd.get() }.handle(info.req.clone(), htype);
+                let reply = unsafe { &mut *hnd.get() }.handle(info.req().clone(), htype);
                 return WaitingResponse::init(info, reply);
             } else {
-                match info.mws[info.count as usize].start(&mut info.req) {
+                match info.mws[info.count as usize].start(info.req_mut()) {
                     Ok(Started::Done) => info.count += 1,
                     Ok(Started::Response(resp)) => {
                         return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp)
                     }
-                    Ok(Started::Future(mut fut)) => match fut.poll() {
-                        Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                            return PipelineState::Starting(StartMiddlewares {
-                                hnd,
-                                htype,
-                                fut: Some(fut),
-                                _s: PhantomData,
-                            })
-                        }
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => {
-                            if let Some(resp) = resp {
-                                return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp);
-                            }
-                            info.count += 1;
-                        }
-                        Err(err) => return ProcessResponse::init(err.into()),
-                    },
+                    Ok(Started::Future(fut)) => {
+                        return PipelineState::Starting(StartMiddlewares {
+                            hnd,
+                            htype,
+                            fut: Some(fut),
+                            _s: PhantomData,
+                        })
+                    }
                     Err(err) => return ProcessResponse::init(err.into()),
                 }
             }
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H: PipelineHandler<S>> StartMiddlewares<S, H> {
                     }
                     if info.count == len {
                         let reply = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() }
-                            .handle(info.req.clone(), self.htype);
+                            .handle(info.req().clone(), self.htype);
                         return Some(WaitingResponse::init(info, reply));
                     } else {
                         loop {
@@ -313,10 +312,13 @@ struct WaitingResponse<S, H> {
 
 impl<S: 'static, H> WaitingResponse<S, H> {
     #[inline]
-    fn init(info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, reply: Reply) -> PipelineState<S, H> {
+    fn init(
+        info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>, reply: AsyncResult<HttpResponse>,
+    ) -> PipelineState<S, H> {
         match reply.into() {
-            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp),
-            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => PipelineState::Handler(WaitingResponse {
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => PipelineState::Handler(WaitingResponse {
                 fut,
                 _s: PhantomData,
                 _h: PhantomData,
@@ -328,7 +330,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> WaitingResponse<S, H> {
         match self.fut.poll() {
             Ok(Async::NotReady) => None,
             Ok(Async::Ready(response)) => Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, response)),
-            Err(err) => Some(ProcessResponse::init(err.into())),
+            Err(err) => Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -462,7 +464,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
     }
 
     fn poll_io(
-        mut self, io: &mut Writer, info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>
+        mut self, io: &mut Writer, info: &mut PipelineInfo<S>,
     ) -> Result<PipelineState<S, H>, PipelineState<S, H>> {
         loop {
             if self.drain.is_none() && self.running != RunningState::Paused {
@@ -482,8 +484,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 Err(err) => {
                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
-                                        self.resp,
+                                        info, self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                             };
@@ -491,8 +492,8 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                             if let Some(err) = self.resp.error() {
                                 if self.resp.status().is_server_error() {
                                     error!(
-                                        "Error occured during request handling: {}",
-                                        err
+                                        "Error occured during request handling, status: {} {}",
+                                        self.resp.status(), err
                                     );
                                 } else {
                                     warn!(
@@ -525,8 +526,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 if let Err(err) = io.write_eof() {
                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
-                                        self.resp,
+                                        info, self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                                 break;
@@ -537,8 +537,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                     Err(err) => {
                                         info.error = Some(err.into());
                                         return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                            info,
-                                            self.resp,
+                                            info, self.resp,
                                         ));
                                     }
                                     Ok(result) => result,
@@ -572,8 +571,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                                     info.error = Some(err.into());
                                                     return Ok(
                                                         FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                                            info,
-                                                            self.resp,
+                                                            info, self.resp,
                                                         ),
                                                     );
                                                 }
@@ -585,8 +583,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                                         info.error = Some(err.into());
                                                         return Ok(
                                                             FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                                                info,
-                                                                self.resp,
+                                                                info, self.resp,
                                                             ),
                                                         );
                                                     }
@@ -611,8 +608,7 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> ProcessResponse<S, H> {
                                 Err(err) => {
                                     info.error = Some(err);
                                     return Ok(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
-                                        info,
-                                        self.resp,
+                                        info, self.resp,
                                     ));
                                 }
                             }
@@ -717,8 +713,11 @@ impl<S: 'static, H> FinishingMiddlewares<S, H> {
                 return None;
             }
             self.fut = None;
-            info.count -= 1;
+            if info.count == 0 {
+                return Some(Completed::init(info));
+            }
 
+            info.count -= 1;
             match info.mws[info.count as usize].finish(info.req_mut(), &self.resp) {
                 Finished::Done => {
                     if info.count == 0 {

src/pred.rs

@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ pub fn Method<S: 'static>(method: http::Method) -> MethodPredicate<S> {
 /// Return predicate that matches if request contains specified header and
 /// value.
 pub fn Header<S: 'static>(
-    name: &'static str, value: &'static str
+    name: &'static str, value: &'static str,
 ) -> HeaderPredicate<S> {
     HeaderPredicate(
         header::HeaderName::try_from(name).unwrap(),

src/resource.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use futures::Future;
 use http::{Method, StatusCode};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
-use handler::{FromRequest, Handler, Reply, Responder};
+use error::Error;
+use handler::{AsyncResult, FromRequest, Handler, Responder};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use middleware::Middleware;
@@ -183,10 +185,32 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
         self.routes.last_mut().unwrap().with(handler);
     }
 
+    /// Register a new route and add async handler.
+    ///
+    /// This is shortcut for:
+    ///
+    /// ```rust,ignore
+    /// Application::resource("/", |r| r.route().with_async(index)
+    /// ```
+    pub fn with_async<T, F, R, I, E>(&mut self, handler: F)
+    where
+        F: Fn(T) -> R + 'static,
+        R: Future<Item = I, Error = E> + 'static,
+        I: Responder + 'static,
+        E: Into<Error> + 'static,
+        T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
+    {
+        self.routes.push(Route::default());
+        self.routes.last_mut().unwrap().with_async(handler);
+    }
+
     /// Register a resource middleware
     ///
     /// This is similar to `App's` middlewares, but
     /// middlewares get invoked on resource level.
+    ///
+    /// *Note* `Middleware::finish()` fires right after response get
+    /// prepared. It does not wait until body get sent to peer.
     pub fn middleware<M: Middleware<S>>(&mut self, mw: M) {
         Rc::get_mut(&mut self.middlewares)
             .unwrap()
@@ -194,8 +218,8 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn handle(
-        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>, default: Option<&mut ResourceHandler<S>>
-    ) -> Reply {
+        &mut self, mut req: HttpRequest<S>, default: Option<&mut ResourceHandler<S>>,
+    ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         for route in &mut self.routes {
             if route.check(&mut req) {
                 return if self.middlewares.is_empty() {
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> ResourceHandler<S> {
         if let Some(resource) = default {
             resource.handle(req, None)
         } else {
-            Reply::response(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND))
+            AsyncResult::ok(HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND))
         }
     }
 }

src/route.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
+use std::cell::UnsafeCell;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
-use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
+
 use error::Error;
-use handler::{AsyncHandler, FromRequest, Handler, Reply, ReplyItem, Responder,
-              RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
+use handler::{AsyncHandler, AsyncResult, AsyncResultItem, FromRequest, Handler,
+              Responder, RouteHandler, WrapHandler};
 use http::StatusCode;
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
-use middleware::{Middleware, Response as MiddlewareResponse,
-                 Started as MiddlewareStarted};
+use middleware::{Finished as MiddlewareFinished, Middleware,
+                 Response as MiddlewareResponse, Started as MiddlewareStarted};
 use pred::Predicate;
-use with::{ExtractorConfig, With, With2, With3};
+use with::{ExtractorConfig, With, With2, With3, WithAsync};
 
 /// Resource route definition
 ///
@@ -44,15 +45,15 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub(crate) fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
+    pub(crate) fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
         self.handler.handle(req)
     }
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn compose(
-        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>
-    ) -> Reply {
-        Reply::async(Compose::new(req, mws, self.handler.clone()))
+        &mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>,
+    ) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+        AsyncResult::async(Box::new(Compose::new(req, mws, self.handler.clone())))
     }
 
     /// Add match predicate to route.
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
         self.handler = InnerHandler::async(handler);
     }
 
-    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for paramters.
+    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for parameters.
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate bytes;
@@ -128,6 +129,34 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
     /// }
     /// ```
+    ///
+    /// It is possible to use tuples for specifing multiple extractors for one
+    /// handler function.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate bytes;
+    /// # extern crate actix_web;
+    /// # extern crate futures;
+    /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+    /// # use std::collections::HashMap;
+    /// use actix_web::{http, App, Query, Path, Result, Json};
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    /// struct Info {
+    ///     username: String,
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// /// extract path info using serde
+    /// fn index(info: (Path<Info>, Query<HashMap<String, String>>, Json<Info>)) -> Result<String> {
+    ///     Ok(format!("Welcome {}!", info.0.username))
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     let app = App::new().resource(
+    ///        "/{username}/index.html",                     // <- define path parameters
+    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET).with(index)); // <- use `with` extractor
+    /// }
+    /// ```
     pub fn with<T, F, R>(&mut self, handler: F) -> ExtractorConfig<S, T>
     where
         F: Fn(T) -> R + 'static,
@@ -139,7 +168,50 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
         cfg
     }
 
-    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for both paramters.
+    /// Set async handler function, use request extractor for parameters.
+    /// Also this method needs to be used if your handler function returns
+    /// `impl Future<>`
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # extern crate bytes;
+    /// # extern crate actix_web;
+    /// # extern crate futures;
+    /// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+    /// use actix_web::{App, Path, Error, http};
+    /// use futures::Future;
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Deserialize)]
+    /// struct Info {
+    ///     username: String,
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// /// extract path info using serde
+    /// fn index(info: Path<Info>) -> Box<Future<Item=&'static str, Error=Error>> {
+    ///     unimplemented!()
+    /// }
+    ///
+    /// fn main() {
+    ///     let app = App::new().resource(
+    ///        "/{username}/index.html",           // <- define path parameters
+    ///        |r| r.method(http::Method::GET)
+    ///               .with_async(index));         // <- use `with` extractor
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    pub fn with_async<T, F, R, I, E>(&mut self, handler: F) -> ExtractorConfig<S, T>
+    where
+        F: Fn(T) -> R + 'static,
+        R: Future<Item = I, Error = E> + 'static,
+        I: Responder + 'static,
+        E: Into<Error> + 'static,
+        T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
+    {
+        let cfg = ExtractorConfig::default();
+        self.h(WithAsync::new(handler, Clone::clone(&cfg)));
+        cfg
+    }
+
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for both parameters.
     ///
     /// ```rust
     /// # extern crate bytes;
@@ -170,7 +242,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
     /// }
     /// ```
     pub fn with2<T1, T2, F, R>(
-        &mut self, handler: F
+        &mut self, handler: F,
     ) -> (ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, ExtractorConfig<S, T2>)
     where
         F: Fn(T1, T2) -> R + 'static,
@@ -188,9 +260,10 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
         (cfg1, cfg2)
     }
 
-    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for all paramters.
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    /// Set handler function, use request extractor for all parameters.
     pub fn with3<T1, T2, T3, F, R>(
-        &mut self, handler: F
+        &mut self, handler: F,
     ) -> (
         ExtractorConfig<S, T1>,
         ExtractorConfig<S, T2>,
@@ -218,12 +291,14 @@ impl<S: 'static> Route<S> {
 
 /// `RouteHandler` wrapper. This struct is required because it needs to be
 /// shared for resource level middlewares.
-struct InnerHandler<S>(Rc<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>);
+struct InnerHandler<S>(Rc<UnsafeCell<Box<RouteHandler<S>>>>);
 
 impl<S: 'static> InnerHandler<S> {
     #[inline]
     fn new<H: Handler<S>>(h: H) -> Self {
-        InnerHandler(Rc::new(Box::new(WrapHandler::new(h))))
+        InnerHandler(Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(WrapHandler::new(
+            h,
+        )))))
     }
 
     #[inline]
@@ -234,16 +309,15 @@ impl<S: 'static> InnerHandler<S> {
         R: Responder + 'static,
         E: Into<Error> + 'static,
     {
-        InnerHandler(Rc::new(Box::new(AsyncHandler::new(h))))
+        InnerHandler(Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(Box::new(AsyncHandler::new(
+            h,
+        )))))
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    pub fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Reply {
-        // reason: handler is unique per thread,
-        // handler get called from async code only
-        #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
-        #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(borrowed_box))]
-        let h: &mut Box<RouteHandler<S>> = unsafe { mem::transmute(self.0.as_ref()) };
+    pub fn handle(&self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> AsyncResult<HttpResponse> {
+        // reason: handler is unique per thread, handler get called from async code only
+        let h = unsafe { &mut *self.0.as_ref().get() };
         h.handle(req)
     }
 }
@@ -272,7 +346,8 @@ enum ComposeState<S: 'static> {
     Starting(StartMiddlewares<S>),
     Handler(WaitingResponse<S>),
     RunMiddlewares(RunMiddlewares<S>),
-    Response(Response<S>),
+    Finishing(FinishingMiddlewares<S>),
+    Completed(Response<S>),
 }
 
 impl<S: 'static> ComposeState<S> {
@@ -281,14 +356,15 @@ impl<S: 'static> ComposeState<S> {
             ComposeState::Starting(ref mut state) => state.poll(info),
             ComposeState::Handler(ref mut state) => state.poll(info),
             ComposeState::RunMiddlewares(ref mut state) => state.poll(info),
-            ComposeState::Response(_) => None,
+            ComposeState::Finishing(ref mut state) => state.poll(info),
+            ComposeState::Completed(_) => None,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<S: 'static> Compose<S> {
     fn new(
-        req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>, handler: InnerHandler<S>
+        req: HttpRequest<S>, mws: Rc<Vec<Box<Middleware<S>>>>, handler: InnerHandler<S>,
     ) -> Self {
         let mut info = ComposeInfo {
             count: 0,
@@ -308,7 +384,7 @@ impl<S> Future for Compose<S> {
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
         loop {
-            if let ComposeState::Response(ref mut resp) = self.state {
+            if let ComposeState::Completed(ref mut resp) = self.state {
                 let resp = resp.resp.take().unwrap();
                 return Ok(Async::Ready(resp));
             }
@@ -342,22 +418,13 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                     Ok(MiddlewareStarted::Response(resp)) => {
                         return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp)
                     }
-                    Ok(MiddlewareStarted::Future(mut fut)) => match fut.poll() {
-                        Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                            return ComposeState::Starting(StartMiddlewares {
-                                fut: Some(fut),
-                                _s: PhantomData,
-                            })
-                        }
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => {
-                            if let Some(resp) = resp {
-                                return RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp);
-                            }
-                            info.count += 1;
-                        }
-                        Err(err) => return Response::init(err.into()),
-                    },
-                    Err(err) => return Response::init(err.into()),
+                    Ok(MiddlewareStarted::Future(fut)) => {
+                        return ComposeState::Starting(StartMiddlewares {
+                            fut: Some(fut),
+                            _s: PhantomData,
+                        })
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => return FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -387,12 +454,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> StartMiddlewares<S> {
                                     self.fut = Some(fut);
                                     continue 'outer;
                                 }
-                                Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(
+                                        info,
+                                        err.into(),
+                                    ))
+                                }
                             }
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                Err(err) => return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -406,10 +478,13 @@ struct WaitingResponse<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> WaitingResponse<S> {
     #[inline]
-    fn init(info: &mut ComposeInfo<S>, reply: Reply) -> ComposeState<S> {
+    fn init(
+        info: &mut ComposeInfo<S>, reply: AsyncResult<HttpResponse>,
+    ) -> ComposeState<S> {
         match reply.into() {
-            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp),
-            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => ComposeState::Handler(WaitingResponse {
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => RunMiddlewares::init(info, resp),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => ComposeState::Handler(WaitingResponse {
                 fut,
                 _s: PhantomData,
             }),
@@ -420,7 +495,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> WaitingResponse<S> {
         match self.fut.poll() {
             Ok(Async::NotReady) => None,
             Ok(Async::Ready(response)) => Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, response)),
-            Err(err) => Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+            Err(err) => Some(RunMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -441,12 +516,12 @@ impl<S: 'static> RunMiddlewares<S> {
             resp = match info.mws[curr].response(&mut info.req, resp) {
                 Err(err) => {
                     info.count = curr + 1;
-                    return Response::init(err.into());
+                    return FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into());
                 }
                 Ok(MiddlewareResponse::Done(r)) => {
                     curr += 1;
                     if curr == len {
-                        return Response::init(r);
+                        return FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, r);
                     } else {
                         r
                     }
@@ -473,15 +548,17 @@ impl<S: 'static> RunMiddlewares<S> {
                     self.curr += 1;
                     resp
                 }
-                Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                Err(err) => return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into())),
             };
 
             loop {
                 if self.curr == len {
-                    return Some(Response::init(resp));
+                    return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, resp));
                 } else {
                     match info.mws[self.curr].response(&mut info.req, resp) {
-                        Err(err) => return Some(Response::init(err.into())),
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            return Some(FinishingMiddlewares::init(info, err.into()))
+                        }
                         Ok(MiddlewareResponse::Done(r)) => {
                             self.curr += 1;
                             resp = r
@@ -497,6 +574,71 @@ impl<S: 'static> RunMiddlewares<S> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Middlewares start executor
+struct FinishingMiddlewares<S> {
+    resp: Option<HttpResponse>,
+    fut: Option<Box<Future<Item = (), Error = Error>>>,
+    _s: PhantomData<S>,
+}
+
+impl<S: 'static> FinishingMiddlewares<S> {
+    fn init(info: &mut ComposeInfo<S>, resp: HttpResponse) -> ComposeState<S> {
+        if info.count == 0 {
+            Response::init(resp)
+        } else {
+            let mut state = FinishingMiddlewares {
+                resp: Some(resp),
+                fut: None,
+                _s: PhantomData,
+            };
+            if let Some(st) = state.poll(info) {
+                st
+            } else {
+                ComposeState::Finishing(state)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn poll(&mut self, info: &mut ComposeInfo<S>) -> Option<ComposeState<S>> {
+        loop {
+            // poll latest fut
+            let not_ready = if let Some(ref mut fut) = self.fut {
+                match fut.poll() {
+                    Ok(Async::NotReady) => true,
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(())) => false,
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        error!("Middleware finish error: {}", err);
+                        false
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                false
+            };
+            if not_ready {
+                return None;
+            }
+            self.fut = None;
+            if info.count == 0 {
+                return Some(Response::init(self.resp.take().unwrap()));
+            }
+
+            info.count -= 1;
+            match info.mws[info.count as usize]
+                .finish(&mut info.req, self.resp.as_ref().unwrap())
+            {
+                MiddlewareFinished::Done => {
+                    if info.count == 0 {
+                        return Some(Response::init(self.resp.take().unwrap()));
+                    }
+                }
+                MiddlewareFinished::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.fut = Some(fut);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 struct Response<S> {
     resp: Option<HttpResponse>,
     _s: PhantomData<S>,
@@ -504,7 +646,7 @@ struct Response<S> {
 
 impl<S: 'static> Response<S> {
     fn init(resp: HttpResponse) -> ComposeState<S> {
-        ComposeState::Response(Response {
+        ComposeState::Completed(Response {
             resp: Some(resp),
             _s: PhantomData,
         })

src/router.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
-use std::mem;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use percent_encoding::percent_decode;
 use regex::{escape, Regex};
 
 use error::UrlGenerationError;
@@ -80,15 +78,13 @@ impl Router {
         if self.0.prefix_len > req.path().len() {
             return None;
         }
-        let path: &str = unsafe { mem::transmute(&req.path()[self.0.prefix_len..]) };
+        let path = unsafe { &*(&req.path()[self.0.prefix_len..] as *const str) };
         let route_path = if path.is_empty() { "/" } else { path };
-        let p = percent_decode(route_path.as_bytes())
-            .decode_utf8()
-            .unwrap();
 
         for (idx, pattern) in self.0.patterns.iter().enumerate() {
-            if pattern.match_with_params(p.as_ref(), req.match_info_mut()) {
+            if pattern.match_with_params(route_path, req.match_info_mut()) {
                 req.set_resource(idx);
+                req.set_prefix_len(self.0.prefix_len as u16);
                 return Some(idx);
             }
         }
@@ -117,7 +113,7 @@ impl Router {
     /// Check [`HttpRequest::url_for()`](../struct.HttpRequest.html#method.
     /// url_for) for detailed information.
     pub fn resource_path<U, I>(
-        &self, name: &str, elements: U
+        &self, name: &str, elements: U,
     ) -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -146,7 +142,8 @@ enum PatternElement {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 enum PatternType {
     Static(String),
-    Dynamic(Regex, Vec<String>),
+    Prefix(String),
+    Dynamic(Regex, Vec<String>, usize),
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@ enum PatternType {
 pub enum ResourceType {
     /// Normal resource
     Normal,
-    /// Resource for applicaiton default handler
+    /// Resource for application default handler
     Default,
     /// External resource
     External,
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@ pub enum ResourceType {
     Unset,
 }
 
-/// Reslource type describes an entry in resources table
+/// Resource type describes an entry in resources table
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Resource {
     tp: PatternType,
@@ -177,14 +174,23 @@ impl Resource {
     ///
     /// Panics if path pattern is wrong.
     pub fn new(name: &str, path: &str) -> Self {
-        Resource::with_prefix(name, path, "/")
+        Resource::with_prefix(name, path, "/", false)
+    }
+
+    /// Parse path pattern and create new `Resource` instance.
+    ///
+    /// Use `prefix` type instead of `static`.
+    ///
+    /// Panics if path regex pattern is wrong.
+    pub fn prefix(name: &str, path: &str) -> Self {
+        Resource::with_prefix(name, path, "/", true)
     }
 
     /// Construct external resource
     ///
     /// Panics if path pattern is wrong.
     pub fn external(name: &str, path: &str) -> Self {
-        let mut resource = Resource::with_prefix(name, path, "/");
+        let mut resource = Resource::with_prefix(name, path, "/", false);
         resource.rtp = ResourceType::External;
         resource
     }
@@ -201,8 +207,9 @@ impl Resource {
     }
 
     /// Parse path pattern and create new `Resource` instance with custom prefix
-    pub fn with_prefix(name: &str, path: &str, prefix: &str) -> Self {
-        let (pattern, elements, is_dynamic) = Resource::parse(path, prefix);
+    pub fn with_prefix(name: &str, path: &str, prefix: &str, for_prefix: bool) -> Self {
+        let (pattern, elements, is_dynamic, len) =
+            Resource::parse(path, prefix, for_prefix);
 
         let tp = if is_dynamic {
             let re = match Regex::new(&pattern) {
@@ -212,7 +219,9 @@ impl Resource {
             let names = re.capture_names()
                 .filter_map(|name| name.map(|name| name.to_owned()))
                 .collect();
-            PatternType::Dynamic(re, names)
+            PatternType::Dynamic(re, names, len)
+        } else if for_prefix {
+            PatternType::Prefix(pattern.clone())
         } else {
             PatternType::Static(pattern.clone())
         };
@@ -244,16 +253,17 @@ impl Resource {
     pub fn is_match(&self, path: &str) -> bool {
         match self.tp {
             PatternType::Static(ref s) => s == path,
-            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, _) => re.is_match(path),
+            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, _, _) => re.is_match(path),
+            PatternType::Prefix(ref s) => path.starts_with(s),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn match_with_params<'a>(
-        &'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>
+        &'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>,
     ) -> bool {
         match self.tp {
             PatternType::Static(ref s) => s == path,
-            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, ref names) => {
+            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, ref names, _) => {
                 if let Some(captures) = re.captures(path) {
                     let mut idx = 0;
                     for capture in captures.iter() {
@@ -269,12 +279,48 @@ impl Resource {
                     false
                 }
             }
+            PatternType::Prefix(ref s) => path.starts_with(s),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Build reousrce path.
+    pub fn match_prefix_with_params<'a>(
+        &'a self, path: &'a str, params: &'a mut Params<'a>,
+    ) -> Option<usize> {
+        match self.tp {
+            PatternType::Static(ref s) => if s == path {
+                Some(s.len())
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+            PatternType::Dynamic(ref re, ref names, len) => {
+                if let Some(captures) = re.captures(path) {
+                    let mut idx = 0;
+                    let mut pos = 0;
+                    for capture in captures.iter() {
+                        if let Some(ref m) = capture {
+                            if idx != 0 {
+                                params.add(names[idx - 1].as_str(), m.as_str());
+                            }
+                            idx += 1;
+                            pos = m.end();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Some(pos + len)
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            PatternType::Prefix(ref s) => if path.starts_with(s) {
+                Some(s.len())
+            } else {
+                None
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build resource path.
     pub fn resource_path<U, I>(
-        &self, router: &Router, elements: U
+        &self, router: &Router, elements: U,
     ) -> Result<String, UrlGenerationError>
     where
         U: IntoIterator<Item = I>,
@@ -301,7 +347,9 @@ impl Resource {
         Ok(path)
     }
 
-    fn parse(pattern: &str, prefix: &str) -> (String, Vec<PatternElement>, bool) {
+    fn parse(
+        pattern: &str, prefix: &str, for_prefix: bool,
+    ) -> (String, Vec<PatternElement>, bool, usize) {
         const DEFAULT_PATTERN: &str = "[^/]+";
 
         let mut re1 = String::from("^") + prefix;
@@ -313,6 +361,7 @@ impl Resource {
         let mut param_pattern = String::from(DEFAULT_PATTERN);
         let mut is_dynamic = false;
         let mut elems = Vec::new();
+        let mut len = 0;
 
         for (index, ch) in pattern.chars().enumerate() {
             // All routes must have a leading slash so its optional to have one
@@ -329,6 +378,7 @@ impl Resource {
                     param_name.clear();
                     param_pattern = String::from(DEFAULT_PATTERN);
 
+                    len = 0;
                     in_param_pattern = false;
                     in_param = false;
                 } else if ch == ':' {
@@ -352,16 +402,19 @@ impl Resource {
                 re1.push_str(escape(&ch.to_string()).as_str());
                 re2.push(ch);
                 el.push(ch);
+                len += 1;
             }
         }
 
         let re = if is_dynamic {
-            re1.push('$');
+            if !for_prefix {
+                re1.push('$');
+            }
             re1
         } else {
             re2
         };
-        (re, elems, is_dynamic)
+        (re, elems, is_dynamic, len)
     }
 }
 
@@ -574,6 +627,41 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(req.match_info().get("id").unwrap(), "adahg32");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_resource_prefix() {
+        let re = Resource::prefix("test", "/name");
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/test/test"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name1"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name~"));
+
+        let re = Resource::prefix("test", "/name/");
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/gs"));
+        assert!(!re.is_match("/name"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_reousrce_prefix_dynamic() {
+        let re = Resource::prefix("test", "/{name}/");
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/"));
+        assert!(re.is_match("/name/gs"));
+        assert!(!re.is_match("/name"));
+
+        let mut req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/").finish();
+        assert!(re.match_with_params("/test2/", req.match_info_mut()));
+        assert_eq!(&req.match_info()["name"], "test2");
+
+        let mut req =
+            TestRequest::with_uri("/test2/subpath1/subpath2/index.html").finish();
+        assert!(re.match_with_params(
+            "/test2/subpath1/subpath2/index.html",
+            req.match_info_mut()
+        ));
+        assert_eq!(&req.match_info()["name"], "test2");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_request_resource() {
         let routes = vec![

src/server/channel.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 use std::net::{Shutdown, SocketAddr};
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{io, mem, ptr, time};
+use std::{io, ptr, time};
 
 use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use futures::{Async, Future, Poll};
 use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
 use super::settings::WorkerSettings;
-use super::{utils, HttpHandler, IoStream, h1, h2};
+use super::{h1, h2, utils, HttpHandler, IoStream};
 
 const HTTP2_PREFACE: [u8; 14] = *b"PRI * HTTP/2.0";
 
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ where
                 match result {
                     Ok(Async::Ready(())) | Err(_) => {
                         h1.settings().remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 }
@@ -123,7 +125,9 @@ where
                 match result {
                     Ok(Async::Ready(())) | Err(_) => {
                         h2.settings().remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                     }
                     _ => (),
                 }
@@ -139,7 +143,9 @@ where
                     Ok(Async::Ready(0)) | Err(_) => {
                         debug!("Ignored premature client disconnection");
                         settings.remove_channel();
-                        self.node.as_mut().map(|n| n.remove());
+                        if let Some(n) = self.node.as_mut() {
+                            n.remove()
+                        };
                         return Err(());
                     }
                     _ => (),
@@ -163,10 +169,7 @@ where
             match kind {
                 ProtocolKind::Http1 => {
                     self.proto = Some(HttpProtocol::H1(h1::Http1::new(
-                        settings,
-                        io,
-                        addr,
-                        buf,
+                        settings, io, addr, buf,
                     )));
                     return self.poll();
                 }
@@ -204,13 +207,15 @@ impl<T> Node<T> {
         #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
         unsafe {
             if let Some(ref next2) = self.next {
-                let n: &mut Node<()> = mem::transmute(next2.as_ref().unwrap());
+                let n: &mut Node<()> =
+                    &mut *(next2.as_ref().unwrap() as *const _ as *mut _);
                 n.prev = Some(next as *const _ as *mut _);
             }
-            let slf: &mut Node<T> = mem::transmute(self);
+            let slf: &mut Node<T> = &mut *(self as *const _ as *mut _);
+
             slf.next = Some(next as *const _ as *mut _);
 
-            let next: &mut Node<T> = mem::transmute(next);
+            let next: &mut Node<T> = &mut *(next as *const _ as *mut _);
             next.prev = Some(slf as *const _ as *mut _);
         }
     }
@@ -246,12 +251,12 @@ impl Node<()> {
         loop {
             if let Some(n) = next {
                 unsafe {
-                    let n: &Node<()> = mem::transmute(n.as_ref().unwrap());
+                    let n: &Node<()> = &*(n.as_ref().unwrap() as *const _);
                     next = n.next.as_ref();
 
                     if !n.element.is_null() {
                         let ch: &mut HttpChannel<T, H> =
-                            mem::transmute(&mut *(n.element as *mut _));
+                            &mut *(&mut *(n.element as *mut _) as *mut () as *mut _);
                         ch.shutdown();
                     }
                 }

src/server/encoding.rs

@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@ use std::{cmp, io, mem};
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 use brotli2::write::{BrotliDecoder, BrotliEncoder};
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
-use flate2::Compression;
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
 use flate2::write::{DeflateDecoder, DeflateEncoder, GzEncoder};
-use http::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, ACCEPT_ENCODING, CONNECTION,
-                   CONTENT_ENCODING, CONTENT_LENGTH, TRANSFER_ENCODING};
+#[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
+use flate2::Compression;
+use http::header::{HeaderMap, HeaderValue, ACCEPT_ENCODING, CONTENT_ENCODING,
+                   CONTENT_LENGTH, TRANSFER_ENCODING};
 use http::{HttpTryFrom, Method, Version};
 
 use body::{Binary, Body};
@@ -144,7 +147,9 @@ impl PayloadWriter for EncodedPayload {
 }
 
 pub(crate) enum Decoder {
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Deflate(Box<DeflateDecoder<Writer>>),
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Gzip(Option<Box<GzDecoder<Wrapper>>>),
     #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
     Br(Box<BrotliDecoder<Writer>>),
@@ -223,9 +228,11 @@ impl PayloadStream {
             ContentEncoding::Br => {
                 Decoder::Br(Box::new(BrotliDecoder::new(Writer::new())))
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Deflate => {
                 Decoder::Deflate(Box::new(DeflateDecoder::new(Writer::new())))
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Gzip => Decoder::Gzip(None),
             _ => Decoder::Identity,
         };
@@ -251,6 +258,7 @@ impl PayloadStream {
                 }
                 Err(e) => Err(e),
             },
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             Decoder::Gzip(ref mut decoder) => {
                 if let Some(ref mut decoder) = *decoder {
                     decoder.as_mut().get_mut().eof = true;
@@ -267,6 +275,7 @@ impl PayloadStream {
                     Ok(None)
                 }
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             Decoder::Deflate(ref mut decoder) => match decoder.try_finish() {
                 Ok(_) => {
                     let b = decoder.get_mut().take();
@@ -297,6 +306,7 @@ impl PayloadStream {
                 }
                 Err(e) => Err(e),
             },
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             Decoder::Gzip(ref mut decoder) => {
                 if decoder.is_none() {
                     *decoder = Some(Box::new(GzDecoder::new(Wrapper {
@@ -334,6 +344,7 @@ impl PayloadStream {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             Decoder::Deflate(ref mut decoder) => match decoder.write_all(&data) {
                 Ok(_) => {
                     decoder.flush()?;
@@ -352,7 +363,9 @@ impl PayloadStream {
 }
 
 pub(crate) enum ContentEncoder {
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Deflate(DeflateEncoder<TransferEncoding>),
+    #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
     Gzip(GzEncoder<TransferEncoding>),
     #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
     Br(BrotliEncoder<TransferEncoding>),
@@ -422,9 +435,11 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     let tmp = SharedBytes::default();
                     let transfer = TransferEncoding::eof(tmp.clone());
                     let mut enc = match encoding {
+                        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
                         ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(
                             DeflateEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::fast()),
                         ),
+                        #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
                         ContentEncoding::Gzip => ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(
                             transfer,
                             Compression::fast(),
@@ -459,9 +474,6 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 if resp.upgrade() {
                     if version == Version::HTTP_2 {
                         error!("Connection upgrade is forbidden for HTTP/2");
-                    } else {
-                        resp.headers_mut()
-                            .insert(CONNECTION, HeaderValue::from_static("upgrade"));
                     }
                     if encoding != ContentEncoding::Identity {
                         encoding = ContentEncoding::Identity;
@@ -481,10 +493,12 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
         }
 
         match encoding {
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Deflate => ContentEncoder::Deflate(DeflateEncoder::new(
                 transfer,
                 Compression::fast(),
             )),
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoding::Gzip => {
                 ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(transfer, Compression::fast()))
             }
@@ -497,7 +511,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
     }
 
     fn streaming_encoding(
-        buf: SharedBytes, version: Version, resp: &mut HttpResponse
+        buf: SharedBytes, version: Version, resp: &mut HttpResponse,
     ) -> TransferEncoding {
         match resp.chunked() {
             Some(true) => {
@@ -566,7 +580,9 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
         match *self {
             #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
             ContentEncoder::Br(ref encoder) => encoder.get_ref().is_eof(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(ref encoder) => encoder.get_ref().is_eof(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(ref encoder) => encoder.get_ref().is_eof(),
             ContentEncoder::Identity(ref encoder) => encoder.is_eof(),
         }
@@ -590,6 +606,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 }
                 Err(err) => Err(err),
             },
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(encoder) => match encoder.finish() {
                 Ok(mut writer) => {
                     writer.encode_eof();
@@ -598,6 +615,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 }
                 Err(err) => Err(err),
             },
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(encoder) => match encoder.finish() {
                 Ok(mut writer) => {
                     writer.encode_eof();
@@ -628,6 +646,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(ref mut encoder) => {
                 match encoder.write_all(data.as_ref()) {
                     Ok(_) => Ok(()),
@@ -637,6 +656,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     }
                 }
             }
+            #[cfg(feature = "flate2")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(ref mut encoder) => {
                 match encoder.write_all(data.as_ref()) {
                     Ok(_) => Ok(()),

src/server/h1decoder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+use std::{io, mem};
+
+use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
+use futures::{Async, Poll};
+use httparse;
+
+use super::helpers::SharedHttpInnerMessage;
+use super::settings::WorkerSettings;
+use error::ParseError;
+use http::header::{HeaderName, HeaderValue};
+use http::{header, HttpTryFrom, Method, Uri, Version};
+use httprequest::MessageFlags;
+use uri::Url;
+
+const MAX_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 131_072;
+const MAX_HEADERS: usize = 96;
+
+pub(crate) struct H1Decoder {
+    decoder: Option<EncodingDecoder>,
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum Message {
+    Message {
+        msg: SharedHttpInnerMessage,
+        payload: bool,
+    },
+    Chunk(Bytes),
+    Eof,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum DecoderError {
+    Io(io::Error),
+    Error(ParseError),
+}
+
+impl From<io::Error> for DecoderError {
+    fn from(err: io::Error) -> DecoderError {
+        DecoderError::Io(err)
+    }
+}
+
+impl H1Decoder {
+    pub fn new() -> H1Decoder {
+        H1Decoder { decoder: None }
+    }
+
+    pub fn decode<H>(
+        &mut self, src: &mut BytesMut, settings: &WorkerSettings<H>,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Message>, DecoderError> {
+        // read payload
+        if self.decoder.is_some() {
+            match self.decoder.as_mut().unwrap().decode(src)? {
+                Async::Ready(Some(bytes)) => return Ok(Some(Message::Chunk(bytes))),
+                Async::Ready(None) => {
+                    self.decoder.take();
+                    return Ok(Some(Message::Eof));
+                }
+                Async::NotReady => return Ok(None),
+            }
+        }
+
+        match self.parse_message(src, settings)
+            .map_err(DecoderError::Error)?
+        {
+            Async::Ready((msg, decoder)) => {
+                if let Some(decoder) = decoder {
+                    self.decoder = Some(decoder);
+                    Ok(Some(Message::Message {
+                        msg,
+                        payload: true,
+                    }))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Some(Message::Message {
+                        msg,
+                        payload: false,
+                    }))
+                }
+            }
+            Async::NotReady => {
+                if src.len() >= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE {
+                    error!("MAX_BUFFER_SIZE unprocessed data reached, closing");
+                    Err(DecoderError::Error(ParseError::TooLarge))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_message<H>(
+        &self, buf: &mut BytesMut, settings: &WorkerSettings<H>,
+    ) -> Poll<(SharedHttpInnerMessage, Option<EncodingDecoder>), ParseError> {
+        // Parse http message
+        let mut has_upgrade = false;
+        let mut chunked = false;
+        let mut content_length = None;
+
+        let msg = {
+            let bytes_ptr = buf.as_ref().as_ptr() as usize;
+            let mut headers: [httparse::Header; MAX_HEADERS] =
+                unsafe { mem::uninitialized() };
+
+            let (len, method, path, version, headers_len) = {
+                let b = unsafe {
+                    let b: &[u8] = buf;
+                    &*(b as *const [u8])
+                };
+                let mut req = httparse::Request::new(&mut headers);
+                match req.parse(b)? {
+                    httparse::Status::Complete(len) => {
+                        let method = Method::from_bytes(req.method.unwrap().as_bytes())
+                            .map_err(|_| ParseError::Method)?;
+                        let path = Url::new(Uri::try_from(req.path.unwrap())?);
+                        let version = if req.version.unwrap() == 1 {
+                            Version::HTTP_11
+                        } else {
+                            Version::HTTP_10
+                        };
+                        (len, method, path, version, req.headers.len())
+                    }
+                    httparse::Status::Partial => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
+                }
+            };
+
+            let slice = buf.split_to(len).freeze();
+
+            // convert headers
+            let msg = settings.get_http_message();
+            {
+                let msg_mut = msg.get_mut();
+                msg_mut
+                    .flags
+                    .set(MessageFlags::KEEPALIVE, version != Version::HTTP_10);
+
+                for header in headers[..headers_len].iter() {
+                    if let Ok(name) = HeaderName::from_bytes(header.name.as_bytes()) {
+                        has_upgrade = has_upgrade || name == header::UPGRADE;
+
+                        let v_start = header.value.as_ptr() as usize - bytes_ptr;
+                        let v_end = v_start + header.value.len();
+                        let value = unsafe {
+                            HeaderValue::from_shared_unchecked(
+                                slice.slice(v_start, v_end),
+                            )
+                        };
+                        match name {
+                            header::CONTENT_LENGTH => {
+                                if let Ok(s) = value.to_str() {
+                                    if let Ok(len) = s.parse::<u64>() {
+                                        content_length = Some(len)
+                                    } else {
+                                        debug!("illegal Content-Length: {:?}", len);
+                                        return Err(ParseError::Header);
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    debug!("illegal Content-Length: {:?}", len);
+                                    return Err(ParseError::Header);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            // transfer-encoding
+                            header::TRANSFER_ENCODING => {
+                                if let Ok(s) = value.to_str() {
+                                    chunked = s.to_lowercase().contains("chunked");
+                                } else {
+                                    return Err(ParseError::Header);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            // connection keep-alive state
+                            header::CONNECTION => {
+                                let ka = if let Ok(conn) = value.to_str() {
+                                    if version == Version::HTTP_10
+                                        && conn.contains("keep-alive")
+                                    {
+                                        true
+                                    } else {
+                                        version == Version::HTTP_11
+                                            && !(conn.contains("close")
+                                                || conn.contains("upgrade"))
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    false
+                                };
+                                msg_mut.flags.set(MessageFlags::KEEPALIVE, ka);
+                            }
+                            _ => (),
+                        }
+
+                        msg_mut.headers.append(name, value);
+                    } else {
+                        return Err(ParseError::Header);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                msg_mut.url = path;
+                msg_mut.method = method;
+                msg_mut.version = version;
+            }
+            msg
+        };
+
+        // https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.3
+        let decoder = if chunked {
+            // Chunked encoding
+            Some(EncodingDecoder::chunked())
+        } else if let Some(len) = content_length {
+            // Content-Length
+            Some(EncodingDecoder::length(len))
+        } else if has_upgrade || msg.get_ref().method == Method::CONNECT {
+            // upgrade(websocket) or connect
+            Some(EncodingDecoder::eof())
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Ok(Async::Ready((msg, decoder)))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Decoders to handle different Transfer-Encodings.
+///
+/// If a message body does not include a Transfer-Encoding, it *should*
+/// include a Content-Length header.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct EncodingDecoder {
+    kind: Kind,
+}
+
+impl EncodingDecoder {
+    pub fn length(x: u64) -> EncodingDecoder {
+        EncodingDecoder {
+            kind: Kind::Length(x),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn chunked() -> EncodingDecoder {
+        EncodingDecoder {
+            kind: Kind::Chunked(ChunkedState::Size, 0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn eof() -> EncodingDecoder {
+        EncodingDecoder {
+            kind: Kind::Eof(false),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+enum Kind {
+    /// A Reader used when a Content-Length header is passed with a positive
+    /// integer.
+    Length(u64),
+    /// A Reader used when Transfer-Encoding is `chunked`.
+    Chunked(ChunkedState, u64),
+    /// A Reader used for responses that don't indicate a length or chunked.
+    ///
+    /// Note: This should only used for `Response`s. It is illegal for a
+    /// `Request` to be made with both `Content-Length` and
+    /// `Transfer-Encoding: chunked` missing, as explained from the spec:
+    ///
+    /// > If a Transfer-Encoding header field is present in a response and
+    /// > the chunked transfer coding is not the final encoding, the
+    /// > message body length is determined by reading the connection until
+    /// > it is closed by the server.  If a Transfer-Encoding header field
+    /// > is present in a request and the chunked transfer coding is not
+    /// > the final encoding, the message body length cannot be determined
+    /// > reliably; the server MUST respond with the 400 (Bad Request)
+    /// > status code and then close the connection.
+    Eof(bool),
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+enum ChunkedState {
+    Size,
+    SizeLws,
+    Extension,
+    SizeLf,
+    Body,
+    BodyCr,
+    BodyLf,
+    EndCr,
+    EndLf,
+    End,
+}
+
+impl EncodingDecoder {
+    pub fn decode(&mut self, body: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<Option<Bytes>, io::Error> {
+        match self.kind {
+            Kind::Length(ref mut remaining) => {
+                if *remaining == 0 {
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(None))
+                } else {
+                    if body.is_empty() {
+                        return Ok(Async::NotReady);
+                    }
+                    let len = body.len() as u64;
+                    let buf;
+                    if *remaining > len {
+                        buf = body.take().freeze();
+                        *remaining -= len;
+                    } else {
+                        buf = body.split_to(*remaining as usize).freeze();
+                        *remaining = 0;
+                    }
+                    trace!("Length read: {}", buf.len());
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(Some(buf)))
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Chunked(ref mut state, ref mut size) => {
+                loop {
+                    let mut buf = None;
+                    // advances the chunked state
+                    *state = try_ready!(state.step(body, size, &mut buf));
+                    if *state == ChunkedState::End {
+                        trace!("End of chunked stream");
+                        return Ok(Async::Ready(None));
+                    }
+                    if let Some(buf) = buf {
+                        return Ok(Async::Ready(Some(buf)));
+                    }
+                    if body.is_empty() {
+                        return Ok(Async::NotReady);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Eof(ref mut is_eof) => {
+                if *is_eof {
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(None))
+                } else if !body.is_empty() {
+                    Ok(Async::Ready(Some(body.take().freeze())))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(Async::NotReady)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! byte (
+    ($rdr:ident) => ({
+        if $rdr.len() > 0 {
+            let b = $rdr[0];
+            $rdr.split_to(1);
+            b
+        } else {
+            return Ok(Async::NotReady)
+        }
+    })
+);
+
+impl ChunkedState {
+    fn step(
+        &self, body: &mut BytesMut, size: &mut u64, buf: &mut Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        use self::ChunkedState::*;
+        match *self {
+            Size => ChunkedState::read_size(body, size),
+            SizeLws => ChunkedState::read_size_lws(body),
+            Extension => ChunkedState::read_extension(body),
+            SizeLf => ChunkedState::read_size_lf(body, size),
+            Body => ChunkedState::read_body(body, size, buf),
+            BodyCr => ChunkedState::read_body_cr(body),
+            BodyLf => ChunkedState::read_body_lf(body),
+            EndCr => ChunkedState::read_end_cr(body),
+            EndLf => ChunkedState::read_end_lf(body),
+            End => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::End)),
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_size(rdr: &mut BytesMut, size: &mut u64) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        let radix = 16;
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b @ b'0'...b'9' => {
+                *size *= radix;
+                *size += u64::from(b - b'0');
+            }
+            b @ b'a'...b'f' => {
+                *size *= radix;
+                *size += u64::from(b + 10 - b'a');
+            }
+            b @ b'A'...b'F' => {
+                *size *= radix;
+                *size += u64::from(b + 10 - b'A');
+            }
+            b'\t' | b' ' => return Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::SizeLws)),
+            b';' => return Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Extension)),
+            b'\r' => return Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::SizeLf)),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                    "Invalid chunk size line: Invalid Size",
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Size))
+    }
+    fn read_size_lws(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        trace!("read_size_lws");
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            // LWS can follow the chunk size, but no more digits can come
+            b'\t' | b' ' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::SizeLws)),
+            b';' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Extension)),
+            b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::SizeLf)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk size linear white space",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_extension(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::SizeLf)),
+            _ => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Extension)), // no supported extensions
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_size_lf(
+        rdr: &mut BytesMut, size: &mut u64,
+    ) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\n' if *size > 0 => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Body)),
+            b'\n' if *size == 0 => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::EndCr)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk size LF",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_body(
+        rdr: &mut BytesMut, rem: &mut u64, buf: &mut Option<Bytes>,
+    ) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        trace!("Chunked read, remaining={:?}", rem);
+
+        let len = rdr.len() as u64;
+        if len == 0 {
+            Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Body))
+        } else {
+            let slice;
+            if *rem > len {
+                slice = rdr.take().freeze();
+                *rem -= len;
+            } else {
+                slice = rdr.split_to(*rem as usize).freeze();
+                *rem = 0;
+            }
+            *buf = Some(slice);
+            if *rem > 0 {
+                Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Body))
+            } else {
+                Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::BodyCr))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read_body_cr(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::BodyLf)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk body CR",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_body_lf(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\n' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::Size)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk body LF",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_end_cr(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\r' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::EndLf)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk end CR",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+    fn read_end_lf(rdr: &mut BytesMut) -> Poll<ChunkedState, io::Error> {
+        match byte!(rdr) {
+            b'\n' => Ok(Async::Ready(ChunkedState::End)),
+            _ => Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Invalid chunk end LF",
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/server/h1writer.rs

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 
 use bytes::BufMut;
 use futures::{Async, Poll};
-use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, DATE};
-use http::{Method, Version};
+use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{io, mem};
 use tokio_io::AsyncWrite;
 
 use super::encoding::ContentEncoder;
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@ use super::shared::SharedBytes;
 use super::{Writer, WriterState, MAX_WRITE_BUFFER_SIZE};
 use body::{Binary, Body};
 use header::ContentEncoding;
+use http::header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, DATE};
+use http::{Method, Version};
 use httprequest::HttpInnerMessage;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) struct H1Writer<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> {
 
 impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> H1Writer<T, H> {
     pub fn new(
-        stream: T, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>
+        stream: T, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     ) -> H1Writer<T, H> {
         H1Writer {
             flags: Flags::empty(),
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
             let mut pos = 0;
             let mut has_date = false;
             let mut remaining = buffer.remaining_mut();
-            let mut buf: &mut [u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(buffer.bytes_mut()) };
+            let mut buf = unsafe { &mut *(buffer.bytes_mut() as *mut [u8]) };
             for (key, value) in msg.headers() {
                 if is_bin && key == CONTENT_LENGTH {
                     is_bin = false;
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
                     pos = 0;
                     buffer.reserve(len);
                     remaining = buffer.remaining_mut();
-                    buf = unsafe { mem::transmute(buffer.bytes_mut()) };
+                    buf = unsafe { &mut *(buffer.bytes_mut() as *mut _) };
                 }
 
                 buf[pos..pos + k.len()].copy_from_slice(k);
@@ -272,7 +272,8 @@ impl<T: AsyncWrite, H: 'static> Writer for H1Writer<T, H> {
     #[inline]
     fn poll_completed(&mut self, shutdown: bool) -> Poll<(), io::Error> {
         if !self.buffer.is_empty() {
-            let buf: &[u8] = unsafe { mem::transmute(self.buffer.as_ref()) };
+            let buf: &[u8] =
+                unsafe { &mut *(self.buffer.as_ref() as *const _ as *mut _) };
             let written = self.write_data(buf)?;
             let _ = self.buffer.split_to(written);
             if self.buffer.len() > self.buffer_capacity {

src/server/h2.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 use payload::{Payload, PayloadStatus, PayloadWriter};
 use pipeline::Pipeline;
+use uri::Url;
 
 use super::encoding::PayloadType;
 use super::h2writer::H2Writer;
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ where
     H: HttpHandler + 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(
-        settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, io: T, addr: Option<SocketAddr>, buf: Bytes
+        settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, io: T, addr: Option<SocketAddr>, buf: Bytes,
     ) -> Self {
         Http2 {
             flags: Flags::empty(),
@@ -304,7 +305,7 @@ impl<H: 'static> Entry<H> {
         let (psender, payload) = Payload::new(false);
 
         let msg = settings.get_http_message();
-        msg.get_mut().uri = parts.uri;
+        msg.get_mut().url = Url::new(parts.uri);
         msg.get_mut().method = parts.method;
         msg.get_mut().version = parts.version;
         msg.get_mut().headers = parts.headers;
@@ -342,24 +343,27 @@ impl<H: 'static> Entry<H> {
     }
 
     fn poll_payload(&mut self) {
-        if !self.flags.contains(EntryFlags::REOF) {
-            if self.payload.need_read() == PayloadStatus::Read {
-                if let Err(err) = self.recv.release_capacity().release_capacity(32_768) {
-                    self.payload.set_error(PayloadError::Http2(err))
-                }
-            } else if let Err(err) = self.recv.release_capacity().release_capacity(0) {
-                self.payload.set_error(PayloadError::Http2(err))
-            }
-
+        while !self.flags.contains(EntryFlags::REOF)
+            && self.payload.need_read() == PayloadStatus::Read
+        {
             match self.recv.poll() {
                 Ok(Async::Ready(Some(chunk))) => {
+                    let l = chunk.len();
                     self.payload.feed_data(chunk);
+                    if let Err(err) = self.recv.release_capacity().release_capacity(l) {
+                        self.payload.set_error(PayloadError::Http2(err));
+                        break;
+                    }
                 }
                 Ok(Async::Ready(None)) => {
                     self.flags.insert(EntryFlags::REOF);
+                    self.payload.feed_eof();
+                }
+                Ok(Async::NotReady) => break,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    self.payload.set_error(PayloadError::Http2(err));
+                    break;
                 }
-                Ok(Async::NotReady) => (),
-                Err(err) => self.payload.set_error(PayloadError::Http2(err)),
             }
         }
     }

src/server/h2writer.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub(crate) struct H2Writer<H: 'static> {
 
 impl<H: 'static> H2Writer<H> {
     pub fn new(
-        respond: SendResponse<Bytes>, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>
+        respond: SendResponse<Bytes>, buf: SharedBytes, settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     ) -> H2Writer<H> {
         H2Writer {
             respond,

src/server/helpers.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl SharedHttpInnerMessage {
     }
 
     pub fn new(
-        msg: Rc<HttpInnerMessage>, pool: Rc<SharedMessagePool>
+        msg: Rc<HttpInnerMessage>, pool: Rc<SharedMessagePool>,
     ) -> SharedHttpInnerMessage {
         SharedHttpInnerMessage(Some(msg), Some(pool))
     }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl SharedHttpInnerMessage {
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref, inline_always))]
     pub fn get_mut(&self) -> &mut HttpInnerMessage {
         let r: &HttpInnerMessage = self.0.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref();
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(r) }
+        unsafe { &mut *(r as *const _ as *mut _) }
     }
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ const DEC_DIGITS_LUT: &[u8] = b"0001020304050607080910111213141516171819\
 
 pub(crate) fn write_status_line(version: Version, mut n: u16, bytes: &mut BytesMut) {
     let mut buf: [u8; 13] = [
-        b'H', b'T', b'T', b'P', b'/', b'1', b'.', b'1', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' '
+        b'H', b'T', b'T', b'P', b'/', b'1', b'.', b'1', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' ', b' ',
     ];
     match version {
         Version::HTTP_2 => buf[5] = b'2',

src/server/mod.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 mod channel;
 pub(crate) mod encoding;
 pub(crate) mod h1;
+pub(crate) mod h1decoder;
 mod h1writer;
 mod h2;
 mod h2writer;

src/server/settings.rs

@@ -8,15 +8,14 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{fmt, mem, net};
 use time;
 
-use super::KeepAlive;
 use super::channel::Node;
 use super::helpers;
 use super::shared::{SharedBytes, SharedBytesPool};
+use super::KeepAlive;
 use body::Body;
 use httpresponse::{HttpResponse, HttpResponseBuilder, HttpResponsePool};
 
 /// Various server settings
-#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ServerSettings {
     addr: Option<net::SocketAddr>,
     secure: bool,
@@ -28,6 +27,18 @@ pub struct ServerSettings {
 unsafe impl Sync for ServerSettings {}
 unsafe impl Send for ServerSettings {}
 
+impl Clone for ServerSettings {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        ServerSettings {
+            addr: self.addr,
+            secure: self.secure,
+            host: self.host.clone(),
+            cpu_pool: self.cpu_pool.clone(),
+            responses: HttpResponsePool::pool(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 struct InnerCpuPool {
     cpu_pool: UnsafeCell<Option<CpuPool>>,
 }
@@ -72,7 +83,7 @@ impl Default for ServerSettings {
 impl ServerSettings {
     /// Crate server settings instance
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        addr: Option<net::SocketAddr>, host: &Option<String>, secure: bool
+        addr: Option<net::SocketAddr>, host: &Option<String>, secure: bool,
     ) -> ServerSettings {
         let host = if let Some(ref host) = *host {
             host.clone()
@@ -119,7 +130,7 @@ impl ServerSettings {
 
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn get_response_builder(
-        &self, status: StatusCode
+        &self, status: StatusCode,
     ) -> HttpResponseBuilder {
         HttpResponsePool::get_builder(&self.responses, status)
     }

src/server/shared.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use bytes::{BufMut, BytesMut};
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io;
 use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{io, mem};
 
 use body::Binary;
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl SharedBytes {
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(mut_from_ref, inline_always))]
     pub(crate) fn get_mut(&self) -> &mut BytesMut {
         let r: &BytesMut = self.0.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref();
-        unsafe { mem::transmute(r) }
+        unsafe { &mut *(r as *const _ as *mut _) }
     }
 
     #[inline]

src/server/srv.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use futures::{Future, Sink, Stream};
 use mio;
 use net2::TcpBuilder;
 use num_cpus;
+use slab::Slab;
 use tokio_io::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 
 #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use openssl::ssl::{AlpnError, SslAcceptorBuilder};
 
 use super::channel::{HttpChannel, WrapperStream};
 use super::settings::{ServerSettings, WorkerSettings};
-use super::worker::{Conn, StopWorker, StreamHandlerType, Worker};
+use super::worker::{Conn, SocketInfo, StopWorker, StreamHandlerType, Worker};
 use super::{IntoHttpHandler, IoStream, KeepAlive};
 use super::{PauseServer, ResumeServer, StopServer};
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ where
     factory: Arc<Fn() -> Vec<H> + Send + Sync>,
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(type_complexity))]
     workers: Vec<(usize, Addr<Syn, Worker<H::Handler>>)>,
-    sockets: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)>,
+    sockets: Vec<Socket>,
     accept: Vec<(mio::SetReadiness, sync_mpsc::Sender<Command>)>,
     exit: bool,
     shutdown_timeout: u16,
@@ -57,14 +58,8 @@ where
 {
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct Info {
-    addr: net::SocketAddr,
-    handler: StreamHandlerType,
-}
-
 enum ServerCommand {
-    WorkerDied(usize, Info),
+    WorkerDied(usize, Slab<SocketInfo>),
 }
 
 impl<H> Actor for HttpServer<H>
@@ -74,6 +69,12 @@ where
     type Context = Context<Self>;
 }
 
+struct Socket {
+    lst: net::TcpListener,
+    addr: net::SocketAddr,
+    tp: StreamHandlerType,
+}
+
 impl<H> HttpServer<H>
 where
     H: IntoHttpHandler + 'static,
@@ -108,11 +109,17 @@ where
     ///
     /// By default http server uses number of available logical cpu as threads
     /// count.
-    pub fn threads(mut self, num: usize) -> Self {
+    pub fn workers(mut self, num: usize) -> Self {
         self.threads = num;
         self
     }
 
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    #[deprecated(since = "0.6.0", note = "please use `HttpServer::workers()` instead")]
+    pub fn threads(self, num: usize) -> Self {
+        self.workers(num)
+    }
+
     /// Set the maximum number of pending connections.
     ///
     /// This refers to the number of clients that can be waiting to be served.
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ where
 
     /// Get addresses of bound sockets.
     pub fn addrs(&self) -> Vec<net::SocketAddr> {
-        self.sockets.iter().map(|s| s.0).collect()
+        self.sockets.iter().map(|s| s.addr).collect()
     }
 
     /// Use listener for accepting incoming connection requests
@@ -195,21 +202,29 @@ where
     /// HttpServer does not change any configuration for TcpListener,
     /// it needs to be configured before passing it to listen() method.
     pub fn listen(mut self, lst: net::TcpListener) -> Self {
-        self.sockets.push((lst.local_addr().unwrap(), lst));
+        let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
+        self.sockets.push(Socket {
+            addr,
+            lst,
+            tp: StreamHandlerType::Normal,
+        });
         self
     }
 
-    /// The socket address to bind
-    ///
-    /// To mind multiple addresses this method can be call multiple times.
-    pub fn bind<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(mut self, addr: S) -> io::Result<Self> {
+    fn bind2<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(&mut self, addr: S) -> io::Result<Vec<Socket>> {
         let mut err = None;
         let mut succ = false;
+        let mut sockets = Vec::new();
         for addr in addr.to_socket_addrs()? {
             match create_tcp_listener(addr, self.backlog) {
                 Ok(lst) => {
                     succ = true;
-                    self.sockets.push((lst.local_addr().unwrap(), lst));
+                    let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
+                    sockets.push(Socket {
+                        lst,
+                        addr,
+                        tp: StreamHandlerType::Normal,
+                    });
                 }
                 Err(e) => err = Some(e),
             }
@@ -225,12 +240,65 @@ where
                 ))
             }
         } else {
-            Ok(self)
+            Ok(sockets)
         }
     }
 
+    /// The socket address to bind
+    ///
+    /// To mind multiple addresses this method can be call multiple times.
+    pub fn bind<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(mut self, addr: S) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        let sockets = self.bind2(addr)?;
+        self.sockets.extend(sockets);
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+    /// The ssl socket address to bind
+    ///
+    /// To mind multiple addresses this method can be call multiple times.
+    pub fn bind_tls<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(
+        mut self, addr: S, acceptor: TlsAcceptor,
+    ) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        let sockets = self.bind2(addr)?;
+        self.sockets.extend(sockets.into_iter().map(|mut s| {
+            s.tp = StreamHandlerType::Tls(acceptor.clone());
+            s
+        }));
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "alpn")]
+    /// Start listening for incoming tls connections.
+    ///
+    /// This method sets alpn protocols to "h2" and "http/1.1"
+    pub fn bind_ssl<S: net::ToSocketAddrs>(
+        mut self, addr: S, mut builder: SslAcceptorBuilder,
+    ) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        // alpn support
+        if !self.no_http2 {
+            builder.set_alpn_protos(b"\x02h2\x08http/1.1")?;
+            builder.set_alpn_select_callback(|_, protos| {
+                const H2: &[u8] = b"\x02h2";
+                if protos.windows(3).any(|window| window == H2) {
+                    Ok(b"h2")
+                } else {
+                    Err(AlpnError::NOACK)
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        let acceptor = builder.build();
+        let sockets = self.bind2(addr)?;
+        self.sockets.extend(sockets.into_iter().map(|mut s| {
+            s.tp = StreamHandlerType::Alpn(acceptor.clone());
+            s
+        }));
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
     fn start_workers(
-        &mut self, settings: &ServerSettings, handler: &StreamHandlerType
+        &mut self, settings: &ServerSettings, sockets: &Slab<SocketInfo>,
     ) -> Vec<(usize, mpsc::UnboundedSender<Conn<net::TcpStream>>)> {
         // start workers
         let mut workers = Vec::new();
@@ -238,8 +306,8 @@ where
             let s = settings.clone();
             let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<Conn<net::TcpStream>>();
 
-            let h = handler.clone();
             let ka = self.keep_alive;
+            let socks = sockets.clone();
             let factory = Arc::clone(&self.factory);
             let addr = Arbiter::start(move |ctx: &mut Context<_>| {
                 let apps: Vec<_> = (*factory)()
@@ -247,7 +315,7 @@ where
                     .map(|h| h.into_handler(s.clone()))
                     .collect();
                 ctx.add_message_stream(rx);
-                Worker::new(apps, h, ka)
+                Worker::new(apps, socks, ka)
             });
             workers.push((idx, tx));
             self.workers.push((idx, addr));
@@ -304,24 +372,32 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
             panic!("HttpServer::bind() has to be called before start()");
         } else {
             let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
-            let addrs: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)> =
-                self.sockets.drain(..).collect();
-            let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addrs[0].0), &self.host, false);
-            let workers = self.start_workers(&settings, &StreamHandlerType::Normal);
-            let info = Info {
-                addr: addrs[0].0,
-                handler: StreamHandlerType::Normal,
-            };
+
+            let mut socks = Slab::new();
+            let mut addrs: Vec<(usize, Socket)> = Vec::new();
+
+            for socket in self.sockets.drain(..) {
+                let entry = socks.vacant_entry();
+                let token = entry.key();
+                entry.insert(SocketInfo {
+                    addr: socket.addr,
+                    htype: socket.tp.clone(),
+                });
+                addrs.push((token, socket));
+            }
+
+            let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addrs[0].1.addr), &self.host, false);
+            let workers = self.start_workers(&settings, &socks);
 
             // start acceptors threads
-            for (addr, sock) in addrs {
-                info!("Starting server on http://{}", addr);
+            for (token, sock) in addrs {
+                info!("Starting server on http://{}", sock.addr);
                 self.accept.push(start_accept_thread(
+                    token,
                     sock,
-                    addr,
                     self.backlog,
                     tx.clone(),
-                    info.clone(),
+                    socks.clone(),
                     workers.clone(),
                 ));
             }
@@ -332,9 +408,9 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
                 ctx.add_stream(rx);
                 self
             });
-            signals.map(|signals| {
+            if let Some(signals) = signals {
                 signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
-            });
+            }
             addr
         }
     }
@@ -373,119 +449,59 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
     }
 }
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
 #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+#[deprecated(
+    since = "0.6.0", note = "please use `actix_web::HttpServer::bind_tls` instead"
+)]
 impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
     /// Start listening for incoming tls connections.
     pub fn start_tls(mut self, acceptor: TlsAcceptor) -> io::Result<Addr<Syn, Self>> {
-        if self.sockets.is_empty() {
-            Err(io::Error::new(
-                io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                "No socket addresses are bound",
-            ))
-        } else {
-            let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
-            let addrs: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)> =
-                self.sockets.drain(..).collect();
-            let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addrs[0].0), &self.host, false);
-            let workers =
-                self.start_workers(&settings, &StreamHandlerType::Tls(acceptor.clone()));
-            let info = Info {
-                addr: addrs[0].0,
-                handler: StreamHandlerType::Tls(acceptor),
-            };
-
-            // start acceptors threads
-            for (addr, sock) in addrs {
-                info!("Starting server on https://{}", addr);
-                self.accept.push(start_accept_thread(
-                    sock,
-                    addr,
-                    self.backlog,
-                    tx.clone(),
-                    info.clone(),
-                    workers.clone(),
-                ));
+        for sock in &mut self.sockets {
+            match sock.tp {
+                StreamHandlerType::Normal => (),
+                _ => continue,
             }
-
-            // start http server actor
-            let signals = self.subscribe_to_signals();
-            let addr: Addr<Syn, _> = Actor::create(|ctx| {
-                ctx.add_stream(rx);
-                self
-            });
-            signals.map(|signals| {
-                signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
-            });
-            Ok(addr)
+            sock.tp = StreamHandlerType::Tls(acceptor.clone());
         }
+        Ok(self.start())
     }
 }
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
 #[cfg(feature = "alpn")]
+#[deprecated(
+    since = "0.6.0", note = "please use `actix_web::HttpServer::bind_ssl` instead"
+)]
 impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
     /// Start listening for incoming tls connections.
     ///
     /// This method sets alpn protocols to "h2" and "http/1.1"
     pub fn start_ssl(
-        mut self, mut builder: SslAcceptorBuilder
+        mut self, mut builder: SslAcceptorBuilder,
     ) -> io::Result<Addr<Syn, Self>> {
-        if self.sockets.is_empty() {
-            Err(io::Error::new(
-                io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                "No socket addresses are bound",
-            ))
-        } else {
-            // alpn support
-            if !self.no_http2 {
-                builder.set_alpn_protos(b"\x02h2\x08http/1.1")?;
-                builder.set_alpn_select_callback(|_, protos| {
-                    const H2: &[u8] = b"\x02h2";
-                    if protos.windows(3).any(|window| window == H2) {
-                        Ok(b"h2")
-                    } else {
-                        Err(AlpnError::NOACK)
-                    }
-                });
-            }
-
-            let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
-            let acceptor = builder.build();
-            let addrs: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)> =
-                self.sockets.drain(..).collect();
-            let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addrs[0].0), &self.host, false);
-            let workers = self.start_workers(
-                &settings,
-                &StreamHandlerType::Alpn(acceptor.clone()),
-            );
-            let info = Info {
-                addr: addrs[0].0,
-                handler: StreamHandlerType::Alpn(acceptor),
-            };
-
-            // start acceptors threads
-            for (addr, sock) in addrs {
-                info!("Starting server on https://{}", addr);
-                self.accept.push(start_accept_thread(
-                    sock,
-                    addr,
-                    self.backlog,
-                    tx.clone(),
-                    info.clone(),
-                    workers.clone(),
-                ));
-            }
-
-            // start http server actor
-            let signals = self.subscribe_to_signals();
-            let addr: Addr<Syn, _> = Actor::create(|ctx| {
-                ctx.add_stream(rx);
-                self
+        // alpn support
+        if !self.no_http2 {
+            builder.set_alpn_protos(b"\x02h2\x08http/1.1")?;
+            builder.set_alpn_select_callback(|_, protos| {
+                const H2: &[u8] = b"\x02h2";
+                if protos.windows(3).any(|window| window == H2) {
+                    Ok(b"h2")
+                } else {
+                    Err(AlpnError::NOACK)
+                }
             });
-            signals.map(|signals| {
-                signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
-            });
-            Ok(addr)
         }
+
+        let acceptor = builder.build();
+        for sock in &mut self.sockets {
+            match sock.tp {
+                StreamHandlerType::Normal => (),
+                _ => continue,
+            }
+            sock.tp = StreamHandlerType::Alpn(acceptor.clone());
+        }
+        Ok(self.start())
     }
 }
 
@@ -499,32 +515,6 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
         T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + 'static,
         A: 'static,
     {
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
-
-        if !self.sockets.is_empty() {
-            let addrs: Vec<(net::SocketAddr, net::TcpListener)> =
-                self.sockets.drain(..).collect();
-            let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addrs[0].0), &self.host, false);
-            let workers = self.start_workers(&settings, &StreamHandlerType::Normal);
-            let info = Info {
-                addr: addrs[0].0,
-                handler: StreamHandlerType::Normal,
-            };
-
-            // start acceptors threads
-            for (addr, sock) in addrs {
-                info!("Starting server on http://{}", addr);
-                self.accept.push(start_accept_thread(
-                    sock,
-                    addr,
-                    self.backlog,
-                    tx.clone(),
-                    info.clone(),
-                    workers.clone(),
-                ));
-            }
-        }
-
         // set server settings
         let addr: net::SocketAddr = "127.0.0.1:8080".parse().unwrap();
         let settings = ServerSettings::new(Some(addr), &self.host, secure);
@@ -537,16 +527,17 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> HttpServer<H> {
         // start server
         let signals = self.subscribe_to_signals();
         let addr: Addr<Syn, _> = HttpServer::create(move |ctx| {
-            ctx.add_stream(rx);
             ctx.add_message_stream(stream.map_err(|_| ()).map(move |(t, _)| Conn {
                 io: WrapperStream::new(t),
+                token: 0,
                 peer: None,
                 http2: false,
             }));
             self
         });
-        signals
-            .map(|signals| signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient())));
+        if let Some(signals) = signals {
+            signals.do_send(signal::Subscribe(addr.clone().recipient()))
+        }
         addr
     }
 }
@@ -584,7 +575,7 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> StreamHandler<ServerCommand, ()> for HttpServer<H> {
     fn finished(&mut self, _: &mut Context<Self>) {}
     fn handle(&mut self, msg: ServerCommand, _: &mut Context<Self>) {
         match msg {
-            ServerCommand::WorkerDied(idx, info) => {
+            ServerCommand::WorkerDied(idx, socks) => {
                 let mut found = false;
                 for i in 0..self.workers.len() {
                     if self.workers[i].0 == idx {
@@ -609,11 +600,10 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> StreamHandler<ServerCommand, ()> for HttpServer<H> {
                         break;
                     }
 
-                    let h = info.handler;
                     let ka = self.keep_alive;
                     let factory = Arc::clone(&self.factory);
                     let settings =
-                        ServerSettings::new(Some(info.addr), &self.host, false);
+                        ServerSettings::new(Some(socks[0].addr), &self.host, false);
 
                     let addr = Arbiter::start(move |ctx: &mut Context<_>| {
                         let apps: Vec<_> = (*factory)()
@@ -621,7 +611,7 @@ impl<H: IntoHttpHandler> StreamHandler<ServerCommand, ()> for HttpServer<H> {
                             .map(|h| h.into_handler(settings.clone()))
                             .collect();
                         ctx.add_message_stream(rx);
-                        Worker::new(apps, h, ka)
+                        Worker::new(apps, socks, ka)
                     });
                     for item in &self.accept {
                         let _ = item.1.send(Command::Worker(new_idx, tx.clone()));
@@ -737,8 +727,8 @@ enum Command {
 }
 
 fn start_accept_thread(
-    sock: net::TcpListener, addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: i32,
-    srv: mpsc::UnboundedSender<ServerCommand>, info: Info,
+    token: usize, sock: Socket, backlog: i32, srv: mpsc::UnboundedSender<ServerCommand>,
+    socks: Slab<SocketInfo>,
     mut workers: Vec<(usize, mpsc::UnboundedSender<Conn<net::TcpStream>>)>,
 ) -> (mio::SetReadiness, sync_mpsc::Sender<Command>) {
     let (tx, rx) = sync_mpsc::channel();
@@ -747,13 +737,14 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
     // start accept thread
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cyclomatic_complexity))]
     let _ = thread::Builder::new()
-        .name(format!("Accept on {}", addr))
+        .name(format!("Accept on {}", sock.addr))
         .spawn(move || {
             const SRV: mio::Token = mio::Token(0);
             const CMD: mio::Token = mio::Token(1);
 
+            let addr = sock.addr;
             let mut server = Some(
-                mio::net::TcpListener::from_std(sock)
+                mio::net::TcpListener::from_std(sock.lst)
                     .expect("Can not create mio::net::TcpListener"),
             );
 
@@ -799,9 +790,10 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
                         SRV => if let Some(ref server) = server {
                             loop {
                                 match server.accept_std() {
-                                    Ok((sock, addr)) => {
+                                    Ok((io, addr)) => {
                                         let mut msg = Conn {
-                                            io: sock,
+                                            io,
+                                            token,
                                             peer: Some(addr),
                                             http2: false,
                                         };
@@ -812,7 +804,7 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
                                                     let _ = srv.unbounded_send(
                                                         ServerCommand::WorkerDied(
                                                             workers[next].0,
-                                                            info.clone(),
+                                                            socks.clone(),
                                                         ),
                                                     );
                                                     msg = err.into_inner();
@@ -915,7 +907,7 @@ fn start_accept_thread(
 }
 
 fn create_tcp_listener(
-    addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: i32
+    addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: i32,
 ) -> io::Result<net::TcpListener> {
     let builder = match addr {
         net::SocketAddr::V4(_) => TcpBuilder::new_v4()?,

src/server/utils.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ const LW_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 4096;
 const HW_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 32_768;
 
 pub fn read_from_io<T: IoStream>(
-    io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut
+    io: &mut T, buf: &mut BytesMut,
 ) -> Poll<usize, io::Error> {
     unsafe {
         if buf.remaining_mut() < LW_BUFFER_SIZE {

src/server/worker.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use futures::Future;
 use futures::unsync::oneshot;
+use futures::Future;
 use net2::TcpStreamExt;
+use slab::Slab;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 use std::{net, time};
 use tokio_core::net::TcpStream;
@@ -29,10 +30,17 @@ use server::{HttpHandler, KeepAlive};
 #[derive(Message)]
 pub(crate) struct Conn<T> {
     pub io: T,
+    pub token: usize,
     pub peer: Option<net::SocketAddr>,
     pub http2: bool,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct SocketInfo {
+    pub addr: net::SocketAddr,
+    pub htype: StreamHandlerType,
+}
+
 /// Stop worker message. Returns `true` on successful shutdown
 /// and `false` if some connections still alive.
 pub(crate) struct StopWorker {
@@ -53,13 +61,13 @@ where
 {
     settings: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>,
     hnd: Handle,
-    handler: StreamHandlerType,
+    socks: Slab<SocketInfo>,
     tcp_ka: Option<time::Duration>,
 }
 
 impl<H: HttpHandler + 'static> Worker<H> {
     pub(crate) fn new(
-        h: Vec<H>, handler: StreamHandlerType, keep_alive: KeepAlive
+        h: Vec<H>, socks: Slab<SocketInfo>, keep_alive: KeepAlive,
     ) -> Worker<H> {
         let tcp_ka = if let KeepAlive::Tcp(val) = keep_alive {
             Some(time::Duration::new(val as u64, 0))
@@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ impl<H: HttpHandler + 'static> Worker<H> {
         Worker {
             settings: Rc::new(WorkerSettings::new(h, keep_alive)),
             hnd: Arbiter::handle().clone(),
-            handler,
+            socks,
             tcp_ka,
         }
     }
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@ impl<H: HttpHandler + 'static> Worker<H> {
     }
 
     fn shutdown_timeout(
-        &self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>, tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>, dur: time::Duration
+        &self, ctx: &mut Context<Self>, tx: oneshot::Sender<bool>, dur: time::Duration,
     ) {
         // sleep for 1 second and then check again
         ctx.run_later(time::Duration::new(1, 0), move |slf, ctx| {
@@ -124,8 +132,11 @@ where
         if self.tcp_ka.is_some() && msg.io.set_keepalive(self.tcp_ka).is_err() {
             error!("Can not set socket keep-alive option");
         }
-        self.handler
-            .handle(Rc::clone(&self.settings), &self.hnd, msg);
+        self.socks.get_mut(msg.token).unwrap().htype.handle(
+            Rc::clone(&self.settings),
+            &self.hnd,
+            msg,
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -165,7 +176,7 @@ pub(crate) enum StreamHandlerType {
 
 impl StreamHandlerType {
     fn handle<H: HttpHandler>(
-        &mut self, h: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, hnd: &Handle, msg: Conn<net::TcpStream>
+        &mut self, h: Rc<WorkerSettings<H>>, hnd: &Handle, msg: Conn<net::TcpStream>,
     ) {
         match *self {
             StreamHandlerType::Normal => {
@@ -177,7 +188,9 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
             StreamHandlerType::Tls(ref acceptor) => {
-                let Conn { io, peer, http2 } = msg;
+                let Conn {
+                    io, peer, http2, ..
+                } = msg;
                 let _ = io.set_nodelay(true);
                 let io = TcpStream::from_stream(io, hnd)
                     .expect("failed to associate TCP stream");
@@ -185,12 +198,8 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
                 hnd.spawn(
                     TlsAcceptorExt::accept_async(acceptor, io).then(move |res| {
                         match res {
-                            Ok(io) => Arbiter::handle().spawn(HttpChannel::new(
-                                h,
-                                io,
-                                peer,
-                                http2,
-                            )),
+                            Ok(io) => Arbiter::handle()
+                                .spawn(HttpChannel::new(h, io, peer, http2)),
                             Err(err) => {
                                 trace!("Error during handling tls connection: {}", err)
                             }
@@ -217,12 +226,8 @@ impl StreamHandlerType {
                                 } else {
                                     false
                                 };
-                                Arbiter::handle().spawn(HttpChannel::new(
-                                    h,
-                                    io,
-                                    peer,
-                                    http2,
-                                ));
+                                Arbiter::handle()
+                                    .spawn(HttpChannel::new(h, io, peer, http2));
                             }
                             Err(err) => {
                                 trace!("Error during handling tls connection: {}", err)

src/test.rs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use application::{App, HttpApplication};
 use body::Binary;
 use client::{ClientConnector, ClientRequest, ClientRequestBuilder};
 use error::Error;
-use handler::{Handler, ReplyItem, Responder};
+use handler::{AsyncResultItem, Handler, Responder};
 use header::{Header, IntoHeaderValue};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ impl TestServer {
     /// Create test server builder with specific state factory
     ///
     /// This method can be used for constructing application state.
-    /// Also it can be used for external dependecy initialization,
+    /// Also it can be used for external dependency initialization,
     /// like creating sync actors for diesel integration.
     pub fn build_with_state<F, S>(state: F) -> TestServerBuilder<S>
     where
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ impl TestServer {
 
     /// Connect to websocket server
     pub fn ws(
-        &mut self
+        &mut self,
     ) -> Result<(ws::ClientReader, ws::ClientWriter), ws::ClientError> {
         let url = self.url("/");
         self.system.run_until_complete(
@@ -355,12 +355,7 @@ impl<S: 'static> TestApp<S> {
 
     /// Register handler for "/"
     pub fn handler<H: Handler<S>>(&mut self, handler: H) {
-        self.app = Some(
-            self.app
-                .take()
-                .unwrap()
-                .resource("/", |r| r.h(handler)),
-        );
+        self.app = Some(self.app.take().unwrap().resource("/", |r| r.h(handler)));
     }
 
     /// Register middleware
@@ -478,7 +473,7 @@ impl TestRequest<()> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
+impl<S: 'static> TestRequest<S> {
     /// Start HttpRequest build process with application state
     pub fn with_state(state: S) -> TestRequest<S> {
         TestRequest {
@@ -562,8 +557,8 @@ impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
             cookies,
             payload,
         } = self;
-        let req = HttpRequest::new(method, uri, version, headers, payload);
-        req.as_mut().cookies = cookies;
+        let mut req = HttpRequest::new(method, uri, version, headers, payload);
+        req.set_cookies(cookies);
         req.as_mut().params = params;
         let (router, _) = Router::new::<S>("/", ServerSettings::default(), Vec::new());
         req.with_state(Rc::new(state), router)
@@ -583,8 +578,8 @@ impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
             payload,
         } = self;
 
-        let req = HttpRequest::new(method, uri, version, headers, payload);
-        req.as_mut().cookies = cookies;
+        let mut req = HttpRequest::new(method, uri, version, headers, payload);
+        req.set_cookies(cookies);
         req.as_mut().params = params;
         req.with_state(Rc::new(state), router)
     }
@@ -593,18 +588,17 @@ impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
     /// with generated request.
     ///
     /// This method panics is handler returns actor or async result.
-    pub fn run<H: Handler<S>>(
-        self, mut h: H
-    ) -> Result<HttpResponse, <<H as Handler<S>>::Result as Responder>::Error> {
+    pub fn run<H: Handler<S>>(self, mut h: H) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
         let req = self.finish();
         let resp = h.handle(req.clone());
 
-        match resp.respond_to(req.drop_state()) {
+        match resp.respond_to(&req) {
             Ok(resp) => match resp.into().into() {
-                ReplyItem::Message(resp) => Ok(resp),
-                ReplyItem::Future(_) => panic!("Async handler is not supported."),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(_) => panic!("Async handler is not supported."),
             },
-            Err(err) => Err(err),
+            Err(err) => Err(err.into()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -624,9 +618,9 @@ impl<S> TestRequest<S> {
 
         let mut core = Core::new().unwrap();
         match core.run(fut) {
-            Ok(r) => match r.respond_to(req.drop_state()) {
+            Ok(r) => match r.respond_to(&req) {
                 Ok(reply) => match reply.into().into() {
-                    ReplyItem::Message(resp) => Ok(resp),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Ok(resp),
                     _ => panic!("Nested async replies are not supported"),
                 },
                 Err(e) => Err(e),

src/uri.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+use http::Uri;
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const GEN_DELIMS: &[u8] = b":/?#[]@";
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const SUB_DELIMS_WITHOUT_QS: &[u8] = b"!$'()*,";
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const SUB_DELIMS: &[u8] = b"!$'()*,+?=;";
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const RESERVED: &[u8] = b":/?#[]@!$'()*,+?=;";
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+const UNRESERVED: &[u8] = b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
+    1234567890
+    -._~";
+const ALLOWED: &[u8] = b"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+    ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
+    1234567890
+    -._~
+    !$'()*,";
+const QS: &[u8] = b"+&=;b";
+
+#[inline]
+fn bit_at(array: &[u8], ch: u8) -> bool {
+    array[(ch >> 3) as usize] & (1 << (ch & 7)) != 0
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn set_bit(array: &mut [u8], ch: u8) {
+    array[(ch >> 3) as usize] |= 1 << (ch & 7)
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref DEFAULT_QUOTER: Quoter = { Quoter::new(b"@:", b"/+") };
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct Url {
+    uri: Uri,
+    path: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Url {
+    pub fn new(uri: Uri) -> Url {
+        let path = DEFAULT_QUOTER.requote(uri.path().as_bytes());
+
+        Url { uri, path }
+    }
+
+    pub fn uri(&self) -> &Uri {
+        &self.uri
+    }
+
+    pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        if let Some(ref s) = self.path {
+            s
+        } else {
+            self.uri.path()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct Quoter {
+    safe_table: [u8; 16],
+    protected_table: [u8; 16],
+}
+
+impl Quoter {
+    pub fn new(safe: &[u8], protected: &[u8]) -> Quoter {
+        let mut q = Quoter {
+            safe_table: [0; 16],
+            protected_table: [0; 16],
+        };
+
+        // prepare safe table
+        for i in 0..128 {
+            if ALLOWED.contains(&i) {
+                set_bit(&mut q.safe_table, i);
+            }
+            if QS.contains(&i) {
+                set_bit(&mut q.safe_table, i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for ch in safe {
+            set_bit(&mut q.safe_table, *ch)
+        }
+
+        // prepare protected table
+        for ch in protected {
+            set_bit(&mut q.safe_table, *ch);
+            set_bit(&mut q.protected_table, *ch);
+        }
+
+        q
+    }
+
+    pub fn requote(&self, val: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
+        let mut has_pct = 0;
+        let mut pct = [b'%', 0, 0];
+        let mut idx = 0;
+        let mut cloned: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
+
+        let len = val.len();
+        while idx < len {
+            let ch = val[idx];
+
+            if has_pct != 0 {
+                pct[has_pct] = val[idx];
+                has_pct += 1;
+                if has_pct == 3 {
+                    has_pct = 0;
+                    let buf = cloned.as_mut().unwrap();
+
+                    if let Some(ch) = restore_ch(pct[1], pct[2]) {
+                        if ch < 128 {
+                            if bit_at(&self.protected_table, ch) {
+                                buf.extend_from_slice(&pct);
+                                idx += 1;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            if bit_at(&self.safe_table, ch) {
+                                buf.push(ch);
+                                idx += 1;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        buf.push(ch);
+                    } else {
+                        buf.extend_from_slice(&pct[..]);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if ch == b'%' {
+                has_pct = 1;
+                if cloned.is_none() {
+                    let mut c = Vec::with_capacity(len);
+                    c.extend_from_slice(&val[..idx]);
+                    cloned = Some(c);
+                }
+            } else if let Some(ref mut cloned) = cloned {
+                cloned.push(ch)
+            }
+            idx += 1;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(data) = cloned {
+            Some(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(data) })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn from_hex(v: u8) -> Option<u8> {
+    if v >= b'0' && v <= b'9' {
+        Some(v - 0x30) // ord('0') == 0x30
+    } else if v >= b'A' && v <= b'F' {
+        Some(v - 0x41 + 10) // ord('A') == 0x41
+    } else if v > b'a' && v <= b'f' {
+        Some(v - 0x61 + 10) // ord('a') == 0x61
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+fn restore_ch(d1: u8, d2: u8) -> Option<u8> {
+    from_hex(d1).and_then(|d1| from_hex(d2).and_then(move |d2| Some(d1 << 4 | d2)))
+}

src/with.rs

@@ -5,10 +5,66 @@ use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use error::Error;
-use handler::{FromRequest, Handler, Reply, ReplyItem, Responder};
+use handler::{AsyncResult, AsyncResultItem, FromRequest, Handler, Responder};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 use httpresponse::HttpResponse;
 
+/// Extractor configuration
+///
+/// `Route::with()` and `Route::with_async()` returns instance
+/// of the `ExtractorConfig` type. It could be used for extractor configuration.
+///
+/// In this example `Form<FormData>` configured.
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate actix_web;
+/// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+/// use actix_web::{App, Form, Result, http};
+///
+/// #[derive(Deserialize)]
+/// struct FormData {
+///     username: String,
+/// }
+///
+/// fn index(form: Form<FormData>) -> Result<String> {
+///     Ok(format!("Welcome {}!", form.username))
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///     let app = App::new().resource(
+///        "/index.html", |r| {
+///            r.method(http::Method::GET)
+///              .with(index)
+///              .limit(4096);} // <- change form extractor configuration
+///     );
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// Same could be donce with multiple extractors
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// # extern crate actix_web;
+/// #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
+/// use actix_web::{App, Form, Path, Result, http};
+///
+/// #[derive(Deserialize)]
+/// struct FormData {
+///     username: String,
+/// }
+///
+/// fn index(data: (Path<(String,)>, Form<FormData>)) -> Result<String> {
+///     Ok(format!("Welcome {}!", data.1.username))
+/// }
+///
+/// fn main() {
+///     let app = App::new().resource(
+///        "/index.html", |r| {
+///            r.method(http::Method::GET)
+///              .with(index)
+///              .1.limit(4096);} // <- change form extractor configuration
+///     );
+/// }
+/// ```
 pub struct ExtractorConfig<S: 'static, T: FromRequest<S>> {
     cfg: Rc<UnsafeCell<T::Config>>,
 }
@@ -82,7 +138,7 @@ where
     T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    type Result = Reply;
+    type Result = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
 
     fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
         let mut fut = WithHandlerFut {
@@ -95,9 +151,9 @@ where
         };
 
         match fut.poll() {
-            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => Reply::response(resp),
-            Ok(Async::NotReady) => Reply::async(fut),
-            Err(e) => Reply::response(e),
+            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => AsyncResult::ok(resp),
+            Ok(Async::NotReady) => AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut)),
+            Err(e) => AsyncResult::err(e),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -134,14 +190,14 @@ where
 
         let item = if !self.started {
             self.started = true;
-            let mut fut = T::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg.as_ref());
-            match fut.poll() {
-                Ok(Async::Ready(item)) => item,
-                Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                    self.fut1 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                    return Ok(Async::NotReady);
+            let reply = T::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg.as_ref()).into();
+            match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.fut1 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
                 }
-                Err(e) => return Err(e),
             }
         } else {
             match self.fut1.as_mut().unwrap().poll()? {
@@ -151,14 +207,15 @@ where
         };
 
         let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
-        let item = match (*hnd)(item).respond_to(self.req.drop_state()) {
+        let item = match (*hnd)(item).respond_to(&self.req) {
             Ok(item) => item.into(),
             Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
         };
 
         match item.into() {
-            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
-            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => {
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => Err(err),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
                 self.fut2 = Some(fut);
                 self.poll()
             }
@@ -166,6 +223,145 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+pub struct WithAsync<T, S, F, R, I, E>
+where
+    F: Fn(T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = I, Error = E>,
+    I: Responder,
+    E: Into<E>,
+    T: FromRequest<S>,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<F>>,
+    cfg: ExtractorConfig<S, T>,
+    _s: PhantomData<S>,
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, R, I, E> WithAsync<T, S, F, R, I, E>
+where
+    F: Fn(T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = I, Error = E>,
+    I: Responder,
+    E: Into<Error>,
+    T: FromRequest<S>,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    pub fn new(f: F, cfg: ExtractorConfig<S, T>) -> Self {
+        WithAsync {
+            cfg,
+            hnd: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(f)),
+            _s: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, R, I, E> Handler<S> for WithAsync<T, S, F, R, I, E>
+where
+    F: Fn(T) -> R + 'static,
+    R: Future<Item = I, Error = E> + 'static,
+    I: Responder + 'static,
+    E: Into<Error> + 'static,
+    T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    type Result = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
+
+    fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
+        let mut fut = WithAsyncHandlerFut {
+            req,
+            started: false,
+            hnd: Rc::clone(&self.hnd),
+            cfg: self.cfg.clone(),
+            fut1: None,
+            fut2: None,
+            fut3: None,
+        };
+
+        match fut.poll() {
+            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => AsyncResult::ok(resp),
+            Ok(Async::NotReady) => AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut)),
+            Err(e) => AsyncResult::err(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct WithAsyncHandlerFut<T, S, F, R, I, E>
+where
+    F: Fn(T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = I, Error = E> + 'static,
+    I: Responder + 'static,
+    E: Into<Error> + 'static,
+    T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    started: bool,
+    hnd: Rc<UnsafeCell<F>>,
+    cfg: ExtractorConfig<S, T>,
+    req: HttpRequest<S>,
+    fut1: Option<Box<Future<Item = T, Error = Error>>>,
+    fut2: Option<R>,
+    fut3: Option<Box<Future<Item = HttpResponse, Error = Error>>>,
+}
+
+impl<T, S, F, R, I, E> Future for WithAsyncHandlerFut<T, S, F, R, I, E>
+where
+    F: Fn(T) -> R,
+    R: Future<Item = I, Error = E> + 'static,
+    I: Responder + 'static,
+    E: Into<Error> + 'static,
+    T: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    type Item = HttpResponse;
+    type Error = Error;
+
+    fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Self::Item, Self::Error> {
+        if let Some(ref mut fut) = self.fut3 {
+            return fut.poll();
+        }
+
+        if self.fut2.is_some() {
+            return match self.fut2.as_mut().unwrap().poll() {
+                Ok(Async::NotReady) => Ok(Async::NotReady),
+                Ok(Async::Ready(r)) => match r.respond_to(&self.req) {
+                    Ok(r) => match r.into().into() {
+                        AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => Err(err),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                            self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                            self.poll()
+                        }
+                    },
+                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
+                },
+                Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
+            };
+        }
+
+        let item = if !self.started {
+            self.started = true;
+            let reply = T::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg.as_ref()).into();
+            match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.fut1 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            match self.fut1.as_mut().unwrap().poll()? {
+                Async::Ready(item) => item,
+                Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
+            }
+        };
+
+        let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+        self.fut2 = Some((*hnd)(item));
+        self.poll()
+    }
+}
+
 pub struct With2<T1, T2, S, F, R>
 where
     F: Fn(T1, T2) -> R,
@@ -187,7 +383,7 @@ where
     S: 'static,
 {
     pub fn new(
-        f: F, cfg1: ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, cfg2: ExtractorConfig<S, T2>
+        f: F, cfg1: ExtractorConfig<S, T1>, cfg2: ExtractorConfig<S, T2>,
     ) -> Self {
         With2 {
             hnd: Rc::new(UnsafeCell::new(f)),
@@ -206,7 +402,7 @@ where
     T2: FromRequest<S> + 'static,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    type Result = Reply;
+    type Result = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
 
     fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
         let mut fut = WithHandlerFut2 {
@@ -221,9 +417,9 @@ where
             fut3: None,
         };
         match fut.poll() {
-            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => Reply::response(resp),
-            Ok(Async::NotReady) => Reply::async(fut),
-            Err(e) => Reply::response(e),
+            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => AsyncResult::ok(resp),
+            Ok(Async::NotReady) => AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut)),
+            Err(e) => AsyncResult::ok(e),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -265,52 +461,67 @@ where
 
         if !self.started {
             self.started = true;
-            let mut fut = T1::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg1.as_ref());
-            match fut.poll() {
-                Ok(Async::Ready(item1)) => {
-                    let mut fut = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref());
-                    match fut.poll() {
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(item2)) => {
-                            let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
-                            match (*hnd)(item1, item2).respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
-                            {
-                                Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
-                                    ReplyItem::Message(resp) => {
-                                        return Ok(Async::Ready(resp))
-                                    }
-                                    ReplyItem::Future(fut) => {
-                                        self.fut3 = Some(fut);
-                                        return self.poll();
-                                    }
-                                },
-                                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                            self.item = Some(item1);
-                            self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                            return Ok(Async::NotReady);
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            let reply = T1::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg1.as_ref()).into();
+            let item1 = match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.fut1 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let reply = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref()).into();
+            let item2 = match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.item = Some(item1);
+                    self.fut2 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+            match (*hnd)(item1, item2).respond_to(&self.req) {
+                Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
+                    AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                        self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                        return self.poll();
                     }
-                }
-                Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                    self.fut1 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                    return Ok(Async::NotReady);
-                }
-                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                },
+                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
             }
         }
 
         if self.fut1.is_some() {
             match self.fut1.as_mut().unwrap().poll()? {
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
-                    self.item = Some(item);
-                    self.fut1.take();
-                    self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(
-                        &self.req,
-                        self.cfg2.as_ref(),
-                    )));
+                    let reply = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref()).into();
+                    let item2 = match reply.into() {
+                        AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                        AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                            self.item = Some(item);
+                            self.fut2 = Some(fut);
+                            return self.poll();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+                    match (*hnd)(item, item2).respond_to(&self.req) {
+                        Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
+                            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                                self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                                return self.poll();
+                            }
+                        },
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+                    }
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -322,16 +533,15 @@ where
         };
 
         let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
-        let item = match (*hnd)(self.item.take().unwrap(), item)
-            .respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
-        {
+        let item = match (*hnd)(self.item.take().unwrap(), item).respond_to(&self.req) {
             Ok(item) => item.into(),
             Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
         };
 
         match item.into() {
-            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
-            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => self.fut3 = Some(fut),
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => self.fut3 = Some(fut),
         }
 
         self.poll()
@@ -387,7 +597,7 @@ where
     T3: 'static,
     S: 'static,
 {
-    type Result = Reply;
+    type Result = AsyncResult<HttpResponse>;
 
     fn handle(&mut self, req: HttpRequest<S>) -> Self::Result {
         let mut fut = WithHandlerFut3 {
@@ -405,9 +615,9 @@ where
             fut4: None,
         };
         match fut.poll() {
-            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => Reply::response(resp),
-            Ok(Async::NotReady) => Reply::async(fut),
-            Err(e) => Reply::response(e),
+            Ok(Async::Ready(resp)) => AsyncResult::ok(resp),
+            Ok(Async::NotReady) => AsyncResult::async(Box::new(fut)),
+            Err(e) => AsyncResult::err(e),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -454,54 +664,50 @@ where
 
         if !self.started {
             self.started = true;
-            let mut fut = T1::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg1.as_ref());
-            match fut.poll() {
-                Ok(Async::Ready(item1)) => {
-                    let mut fut = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref());
-                    match fut.poll() {
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(item2)) => {
-                            let mut fut =
-                                T3::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg3.as_ref());
-                            match fut.poll() {
-                                Ok(Async::Ready(item3)) => {
-                                    let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
-                                    match (*hnd)(item1, item2, item3)
-                                        .respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
-                                    {
-                                        Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
-                                            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => {
-                                                return Ok(Async::Ready(resp))
-                                            }
-                                            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => {
-                                                self.fut4 = Some(fut);
-                                                return self.poll();
-                                            }
-                                        },
-                                        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                                    self.item1 = Some(item1);
-                                    self.item2 = Some(item2);
-                                    self.fut3 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                                    return Ok(Async::NotReady);
-                                }
-                                Err(e) => return Err(e),
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                            self.item1 = Some(item1);
-                            self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                            return Ok(Async::NotReady);
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => return Err(e),
+            let reply = T1::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg1.as_ref()).into();
+            let item1 = match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.fut1 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let reply = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref()).into();
+            let item2 = match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.item1 = Some(item1);
+                    self.fut2 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let reply = T3::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg3.as_ref()).into();
+            let item3 = match reply.into() {
+                AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                    self.item1 = Some(item1);
+                    self.item2 = Some(item2);
+                    self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                    return self.poll();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+            match (*hnd)(item1, item2, item3).respond_to(&self.req) {
+                Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
+                    AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                    AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                        self.fut4 = Some(fut);
+                        return self.poll();
                     }
-                }
-                Ok(Async::NotReady) => {
-                    self.fut1 = Some(Box::new(fut));
-                    return Ok(Async::NotReady);
-                }
-                Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                },
+                Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
             }
         }
 
@@ -510,10 +716,40 @@ where
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
                     self.item1 = Some(item);
                     self.fut1.take();
-                    self.fut2 = Some(Box::new(T2::from_request(
-                        &self.req,
-                        self.cfg2.as_ref(),
-                    )));
+                    let reply = T2::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg2.as_ref()).into();
+                    let item2 = match reply.into() {
+                        AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                        AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                            self.fut2 = Some(fut);
+                            return self.poll();
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    let reply = T3::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg3.as_ref()).into();
+                    let item3 = match reply.into() {
+                        AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                        AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                            self.item2 = Some(item2);
+                            self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                            return self.poll();
+                        }
+                    };
+                    let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+                    match (*hnd)(self.item1.take().unwrap(), item2, item3)
+                        .respond_to(&self.req)
+                    {
+                        Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
+                            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                                self.fut4 = Some(fut);
+                                return self.poll();
+                            }
+                        },
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+                    }
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -522,12 +758,31 @@ where
         if self.fut2.is_some() {
             match self.fut2.as_mut().unwrap().poll()? {
                 Async::Ready(item) => {
-                    self.item2 = Some(item);
                     self.fut2.take();
-                    self.fut3 = Some(Box::new(T3::from_request(
-                        &self.req,
-                        self.cfg3.as_ref(),
-                    )));
+                    let reply = T3::from_request(&self.req, self.cfg3.as_ref()).into();
+                    let item3 = match reply.into() {
+                        AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                        AsyncResultItem::Ok(msg) => msg,
+                        AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                            self.item2 = Some(item);
+                            self.fut3 = Some(fut);
+                            return self.poll();
+                        }
+                    };
+                    let hnd: &mut F = unsafe { &mut *self.hnd.get() };
+                    match (*hnd)(self.item1.take().unwrap(), item, item3)
+                        .respond_to(&self.req)
+                    {
+                        Ok(item) => match item.into().into() {
+                            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+                            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => {
+                                self.fut4 = Some(fut);
+                                return self.poll();
+                            }
+                        },
+                        Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
+                    }
                 }
                 Async::NotReady => return Ok(Async::NotReady),
             }
@@ -543,15 +798,16 @@ where
             self.item1.take().unwrap(),
             self.item2.take().unwrap(),
             item,
-        ).respond_to(self.req.drop_state())
+        ).respond_to(&self.req)
         {
             Ok(item) => item.into(),
             Err(err) => return Err(err.into()),
         };
 
         match item.into() {
-            ReplyItem::Message(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
-            ReplyItem::Future(fut) => self.fut4 = Some(fut),
+            AsyncResultItem::Err(err) => return Err(err),
+            AsyncResultItem::Ok(resp) => return Ok(Async::Ready(resp)),
+            AsyncResultItem::Future(fut) => self.fut4 = Some(fut),
         }
 
         self.poll()

src/ws/client.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::time::Duration;
 use std::{fmt, io, str};
 
 use base64;
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, NetworkEndian};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use cookie::Cookie;
 use futures::unsync::mpsc::{unbounded, UnboundedSender};
@@ -27,8 +26,8 @@ use client::{ClientConnector, ClientRequest, ClientRequestBuilder, ClientRespons
              HttpResponseParserError, SendRequest, SendRequestError};
 
 use super::frame::Frame;
-use super::proto::{CloseCode, OpCode};
-use super::{Message, ProtocolError};
+use super::proto::{CloseReason, OpCode};
+use super::{Message, ProtocolError, WsWriter};
 
 /// Websocket client error
 #[derive(Fail, Debug)]
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ impl Client {
 
     /// Create new websocket connection with custom `ClientConnector`
     pub fn with_connector<S: AsRef<str>>(
-        uri: S, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>
+        uri: S, conn: Addr<Unsync, ClientConnector>,
     ) -> Client {
         let mut cl = Client {
             request: ClientRequest::build(),
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ struct Inner {
 
 /// Future that implementes client websocket handshake process.
 ///
-/// It resolves to a pair of `ClientReadr` and `ClientWriter` that
+/// It resolves to a pair of `ClientReader` and `ClientWriter` that
 /// can be used for reading and writing websocket frames.
 pub struct ClientHandshake {
     request: Option<SendRequest>,
@@ -468,10 +467,8 @@ impl Stream for ClientReader {
                     }
                     OpCode::Close => {
                         inner.closed = true;
-                        let code = NetworkEndian::read_uint(payload.as_ref(), 2) as u16;
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Close(CloseCode::from(
-                            code,
-                        )))))
+                        let close_reason = Frame::parse_close_payload(&payload);
+                        Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Close(close_reason))))
                     }
                     OpCode::Ping => Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Ping(
                         String::from_utf8_lossy(payload.as_ref()).into(),
@@ -506,13 +503,6 @@ pub struct ClientWriter {
     inner: Rc<UnsafeCell<Inner>>,
 }
 
-impl ClientWriter {
-    #[inline]
-    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
-        unsafe { &mut *self.inner.get() }
-    }
-}
-
 impl ClientWriter {
     /// Write payload
     #[inline]
@@ -524,6 +514,11 @@ impl ClientWriter {
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline]
+    fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Inner {
+        unsafe { &mut *self.inner.get() }
+    }
+
     /// Send text frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn text<T: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, text: T) {
@@ -560,7 +555,39 @@ impl ClientWriter {
 
     /// Send close frame
     #[inline]
-    pub fn close(&mut self, code: CloseCode, reason: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::close(code, reason, true));
+    pub fn close(&mut self, reason: Option<CloseReason>) {
+        self.write(Frame::close(reason, true));
+    }
+}
+
+impl WsWriter for ClientWriter {
+    /// Send text frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_text<T: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, text: T) {
+        self.text(text)
+    }
+
+    /// Send binary frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_binary<B: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, data: B) {
+        self.binary(data)
+    }
+
+    /// Send ping frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_ping(&mut self, message: &str) {
+        self.ping(message)
+    }
+
+    /// Send pong frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_pong(&mut self, message: &str) {
+        self.pong(message)
+    }
+
+    /// Send close frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_close(&mut self, reason: Option<CloseReason>) {
+        self.close(reason);
     }
 }

src/ws/context.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use futures::sync::oneshot::Sender;
 use futures::unsync::oneshot;
 use futures::{Async, Poll};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::mem;
 
 use actix::dev::{ContextImpl, SyncEnvelope, ToEnvelope};
 use actix::fut::ActorFuture;
@@ -15,7 +14,8 @@ use error::{Error, ErrorInternalServerError};
 use httprequest::HttpRequest;
 
 use ws::frame::Frame;
-use ws::proto::{CloseCode, OpCode};
+use ws::proto::{CloseReason, OpCode};
+use ws::WsWriter;
 
 /// Execution context for `WebSockets` actors
 pub struct WebsocketContext<A, S = ()>
@@ -141,6 +141,14 @@ where
         &mut self.request
     }
 
+    /// Returns drain future
+    pub fn drain(&mut self) -> Drain<A> {
+        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
+        self.inner.modify();
+        self.add_frame(ContextFrame::Drain(tx));
+        Drain::new(rx)
+    }
+
     /// Send text frame
     #[inline]
     pub fn text<T: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, text: T) {
@@ -177,16 +185,8 @@ where
 
     /// Send close frame
     #[inline]
-    pub fn close(&mut self, code: CloseCode, reason: &str) {
-        self.write(Frame::close(code, reason, false));
-    }
-
-    /// Returns drain future
-    pub fn drain(&mut self) -> Drain<A> {
-        let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
-        self.inner.modify();
-        self.add_frame(ContextFrame::Drain(tx));
-        Drain::new(rx)
+    pub fn close(&mut self, reason: Option<CloseReason>) {
+        self.write(Frame::close(reason, false));
     }
 
     /// Check if connection still open
@@ -200,7 +200,9 @@ where
         if self.stream.is_none() {
             self.stream = Some(SmallVec::new());
         }
-        self.stream.as_mut().map(|s| s.push(frame));
+        if let Some(s) = self.stream.as_mut() {
+            s.push(frame)
+        }
         self.inner.modify();
     }
 
@@ -212,6 +214,42 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl<A, S> WsWriter for WebsocketContext<A, S>
+where
+    A: Actor<Context = Self>,
+    S: 'static,
+{
+    /// Send text frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_text<T: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, text: T) {
+        self.text(text)
+    }
+
+    /// Send binary frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_binary<B: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, data: B) {
+        self.binary(data)
+    }
+
+    /// Send ping frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_ping(&mut self, message: &str) {
+        self.ping(message)
+    }
+
+    /// Send pong frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_pong(&mut self, message: &str) {
+        self.pong(message)
+    }
+
+    /// Send close frame
+    #[inline]
+    fn send_close(&mut self, reason: Option<CloseReason>) {
+        self.close(reason)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<A, S> ActorHttpContext for WebsocketContext<A, S>
 where
     A: Actor<Context = Self>,
@@ -224,8 +262,7 @@ where
     }
 
     fn poll(&mut self) -> Poll<Option<SmallVec<[ContextFrame; 4]>>, Error> {
-        let ctx: &mut WebsocketContext<A, S> =
-            unsafe { mem::transmute(self as &mut WebsocketContext<A, S>) };
+        let ctx: &mut WebsocketContext<A, S> = unsafe { &mut *(self as *mut _) };
 
         if self.inner.alive() && self.inner.poll(ctx).is_err() {
             return Err(ErrorInternalServerError("error"));

src/ws/frame.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cast_ptr_alignment))]
 use byteorder::{BigEndian, ByteOrder, NetworkEndian};
 use bytes::{BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
 use rand;
-use std::iter::FromIterator;
-use std::{fmt, mem, ptr};
+use std::{fmt, ptr};
 
 use body::Binary;
 use error::PayloadError;
 use payload::PayloadHelper;
 
-use ws::ProtocolError;
 use ws::mask::apply_mask;
-use ws::proto::{CloseCode, OpCode};
+use ws::proto::{CloseCode, CloseReason, OpCode};
+use ws::ProtocolError;
 
 /// A struct representing a `WebSocket` frame.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -29,21 +29,19 @@ impl Frame {
 
     /// Create a new Close control frame.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn close(code: CloseCode, reason: &str, genmask: bool) -> Binary {
-        let raw: [u8; 2] = unsafe {
-            let u: u16 = code.into();
-            mem::transmute(u.to_be())
-        };
+    pub fn close(reason: Option<CloseReason>, genmask: bool) -> Binary {
+        let payload = match reason {
+            None => Vec::new(),
+            Some(reason) => {
+                let mut code_bytes = [0; 2];
+                NetworkEndian::write_u16(&mut code_bytes, reason.code.into());
 
-        let payload = if let CloseCode::Empty = code {
-            Vec::new()
-        } else {
-            Vec::from_iter(
-                raw[..]
-                    .iter()
-                    .chain(reason.as_bytes().iter())
-                    .cloned(),
-            )
+                let mut payload = Vec::from(&code_bytes[..]);
+                if let Some(description) = reason.description {
+                    payload.extend(description.as_bytes());
+                }
+                payload
+            }
         };
 
         Frame::message(payload, OpCode::Close, true, genmask)
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ impl Frame {
 
     #[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(type_complexity))]
     fn read_copy_md<S>(
-        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize
+        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<Option<(usize, bool, OpCode, usize, Option<u32>)>, ProtocolError>
     where
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
@@ -126,16 +124,12 @@ impl Frame {
         };
 
         Ok(Async::Ready(Some((
-            idx,
-            finished,
-            opcode,
-            length,
-            mask,
+            idx, finished, opcode, length, mask,
         ))))
     }
 
     fn read_chunk_md(
-        chunk: &[u8], server: bool, max_size: usize
+        chunk: &[u8], server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<(usize, bool, OpCode, usize, Option<u32>), ProtocolError> {
         let chunk_len = chunk.len();
 
@@ -206,7 +200,7 @@ impl Frame {
 
     /// Parse the input stream into a frame.
     pub fn parse<S>(
-        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize
+        pl: &mut PayloadHelper<S>, server: bool, max_size: usize,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Frame>, ProtocolError>
     where
         S: Stream<Item = Bytes, Error = PayloadError>,
@@ -266,10 +260,9 @@ impl Frame {
 
         // unmask
         if let Some(mask) = mask {
-            #[allow(mutable_transmutes)]
             let p: &mut [u8] = unsafe {
                 let ptr: &[u8] = &data;
-                mem::transmute(ptr)
+                &mut *(ptr as *const _ as *mut _)
             };
             apply_mask(p, mask);
         }
@@ -281,9 +274,28 @@ impl Frame {
         })))
     }
 
+    /// Parse the payload of a close frame.
+    pub fn parse_close_payload(payload: &Binary) -> Option<CloseReason> {
+        if payload.len() >= 2 {
+            let raw_code = NetworkEndian::read_uint(payload.as_ref(), 2) as u16;
+            let code = CloseCode::from(raw_code);
+            let description = if payload.len() > 2 {
+                Some(String::from_utf8_lossy(&payload.as_ref()[2..]).into())
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            Some(CloseReason {
+                code,
+                description,
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Generate binary representation
     pub fn message<B: Into<Binary>>(
-        data: B, code: OpCode, finished: bool, genmask: bool
+        data: B, code: OpCode, finished: bool, genmask: bool,
     ) -> Binary {
         let payload = data.into();
         let one: u8 = if finished {
@@ -518,10 +530,17 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_close_frame() {
-        let frame = Frame::close(CloseCode::Normal, "data", false);
+        let reason = (CloseCode::Normal, "data");
+        let frame = Frame::close(Some(reason.into()), false);
 
         let mut v = vec![136u8, 6u8, 3u8, 232u8];
         v.extend(b"data");
         assert_eq!(frame, v.into());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_empty_close_frame() {
+        let frame = Frame::close(None, false);
+        assert_eq!(frame, vec![0x88, 0x00].into());
+    }
 }

src/ws/mask.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 //! This is code from [Tungstenite project](https://github.com/snapview/tungstenite-rs)
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(cast_ptr_alignment))]
 use std::cmp::min;
 use std::mem::uninitialized;
 use std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping;

src/ws/mod.rs

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 //! #      .finish();
 //! # }
 //! ```
-use byteorder::{ByteOrder, NetworkEndian};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::{Async, Poll, Stream};
 use http::{header, Method, StatusCode};
@@ -66,8 +65,7 @@ mod proto;
 pub use self::client::{Client, ClientError, ClientHandshake, ClientReader, ClientWriter};
 pub use self::context::WebsocketContext;
 pub use self::frame::Frame;
-pub use self::proto::CloseCode;
-pub use self::proto::OpCode;
+pub use self::proto::{CloseCode, CloseReason, OpCode};
 
 /// Websocket protocol errors
 #[derive(Fail, Debug)]
@@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ pub enum Message {
     Binary(Binary),
     Ping(String),
     Pong(String),
-    Close(CloseCode),
+    Close(Option<CloseReason>),
 }
 
 /// Do websocket handshake and start actor
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ where
 // /// the returned response headers contain the first protocol in this list
 // /// which the server also knows.
 pub fn handshake<S>(
-    req: &HttpRequest<S>
+    req: &HttpRequest<S>,
 ) -> Result<HttpResponseBuilder, HandshakeError> {
     // WebSocket accepts only GET
     if *req.method() != Method::GET {
@@ -310,10 +308,8 @@ where
                     }
                     OpCode::Close => {
                         self.closed = true;
-                        let code = NetworkEndian::read_uint(payload.as_ref(), 2) as u16;
-                        Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Close(CloseCode::from(
-                            code,
-                        )))))
+                        let close_reason = Frame::parse_close_payload(&payload);
+                        Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Close(close_reason))))
                     }
                     OpCode::Ping => Ok(Async::Ready(Some(Message::Ping(
                         String::from_utf8_lossy(payload.as_ref()).into(),
@@ -344,6 +340,20 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+/// Common writing methods for a websocket.
+pub trait WsWriter {
+    /// Send a text
+    fn send_text<T: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, text: T);
+    /// Send a binary
+    fn send_binary<B: Into<Binary>>(&mut self, data: B);
+    /// Send a ping message
+    fn send_ping(&mut self, message: &str);
+    /// Send a pong message
+    fn send_pong(&mut self, message: &str);
+    /// Close the connection
+    fn send_close(&mut self, reason: Option<CloseReason>);
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

src/ws/proto.rs

@@ -90,10 +90,6 @@ pub enum CloseCode {
     /// endpoint that understands only text data MAY send this if it
     /// receives a binary message).
     Unsupported,
-    /// Indicates that no status code was included in a closing frame. This
-    /// close code makes it possible to use a single method, `on_close` to
-    /// handle even cases where no close code was provided.
-    Status,
     /// Indicates an abnormal closure. If the abnormal closure was due to an
     /// error, this close code will not be used. Instead, the `on_error` method
     /// of the handler will be called with the error. However, if the connection
@@ -138,8 +134,6 @@ pub enum CloseCode {
     #[doc(hidden)]
     Tls,
     #[doc(hidden)]
-    Empty,
-    #[doc(hidden)]
     Other(u16),
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +144,6 @@ impl Into<u16> for CloseCode {
             Away => 1001,
             Protocol => 1002,
             Unsupported => 1003,
-            Status => 1005,
             Abnormal => 1006,
             Invalid => 1007,
             Policy => 1008,
@@ -160,7 +153,6 @@ impl Into<u16> for CloseCode {
             Restart => 1012,
             Again => 1013,
             Tls => 1015,
-            Empty => 0,
             Other(code) => code,
         }
     }
@@ -173,7 +165,6 @@ impl From<u16> for CloseCode {
             1001 => Away,
             1002 => Protocol,
             1003 => Unsupported,
-            1005 => Status,
             1006 => Abnormal,
             1007 => Invalid,
             1008 => Policy,
@@ -183,12 +174,35 @@ impl From<u16> for CloseCode {
             1012 => Restart,
             1013 => Again,
             1015 => Tls,
-            0 => Empty,
             _ => Other(code),
         }
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct CloseReason {
+    pub code: CloseCode,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<CloseCode> for CloseReason {
+    fn from(code: CloseCode) -> Self {
+        CloseReason {
+            code,
+            description: None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Into<String>> From<(CloseCode, T)> for CloseReason {
+    fn from(info: (CloseCode, T)) -> Self {
+        CloseReason {
+            code: info.0,
+            description: Some(info.1.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static WS_GUID: &'static str = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
 
 // TODO: hash is always same size, we dont need String
@@ -269,7 +283,6 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1001u16), CloseCode::Away);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1002u16), CloseCode::Protocol);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1003u16), CloseCode::Unsupported);
-        assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1005u16), CloseCode::Status);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1006u16), CloseCode::Abnormal);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1007u16), CloseCode::Invalid);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1008u16), CloseCode::Policy);
@@ -279,7 +292,6 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1012u16), CloseCode::Restart);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1013u16), CloseCode::Again);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(1015u16), CloseCode::Tls);
-        assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(0u16), CloseCode::Empty);
         assert_eq!(CloseCode::from(2000u16), CloseCode::Other(2000));
     }
 
@@ -289,7 +301,6 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(1001u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Away));
         assert_eq!(1002u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Protocol));
         assert_eq!(1003u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Unsupported));
-        assert_eq!(1005u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Status));
         assert_eq!(1006u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Abnormal));
         assert_eq!(1007u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Invalid));
         assert_eq!(1008u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Policy));
@@ -299,7 +310,6 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(1012u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Restart));
         assert_eq!(1013u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Again));
         assert_eq!(1015u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Tls));
-        assert_eq!(0u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Empty));
         assert_eq!(2000u16, Into::<u16>::into(CloseCode::Other(2000)));
     }
 }

tests/test.binary

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>TǑɂV<EFBFBD>2<EFBFBD>vI<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>\<5C>R˙<52><CB99><EFBFBD>e<EFBFBD><04>vD<76>:藽<>RV<03>Yp<59><70>;<3B><>G<><47>p!2<7F>C<EFBFBD>.<2E><0C><><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>pA!<21>ߦ<EFBFBD>x	j+Uc<55><63><EFBFBD>X<13>c%<17>;<3B>"y<10><>AI

tests/test_client.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(deprecated)]
 extern crate actix;
 extern crate actix_web;
 extern crate bytes;
@@ -9,8 +10,8 @@ use std::io::Read;
 
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
-use futures::Future;
 use futures::stream::once;
+use futures::Future;
 use rand::Rng;
 
 use actix_web::*;

tests/test_handlers.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,18 @@ extern crate http;
 extern crate tokio_core;
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate serde_derive;
+extern crate serde_json;
 
+use std::io;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use actix::*;
 use actix_web::*;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use futures::Future;
 use http::StatusCode;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use tokio_core::reactor::Timeout;
 
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 struct PParam {
@@ -67,6 +75,33 @@ fn test_query_extractor() {
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_async_extractor_async() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with(|data: Json<Value>| {
+                Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .and_then(move |_| Ok(format!("{}", data.0)))
+                    .responder()
+            })
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"{\"test\":1}"));
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_path_and_query_extractor() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
@@ -130,6 +165,296 @@ fn test_path_and_query_extractor2() {
     assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with3(
+                |p: Path<PParam>, _: Query<PParam>, data: Json<Value>| {
+                    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .and_then(move |_| {
+                            Ok(format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, data.0))
+                        })
+                        .responder()
+                },
+            )
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - {\"test\":1}!")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor3_async() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with2(|p: Path<PParam>, data: Json<Value>| {
+                Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .and_then(move |_| {
+                        Ok(format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, data.0))
+                    })
+                    .responder()
+            })
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor4_async() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with2(|data: Json<Value>, p: Path<PParam>| {
+                Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .and_then(move |_| {
+                        Ok(format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, data.0))
+                    })
+                    .responder()
+            })
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async2() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with3(
+                |p: Path<PParam>, data: Json<Value>, _: Query<PParam>| {
+                    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .and_then(move |_| {
+                            Ok(format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, data.0))
+                        })
+                        .responder()
+                },
+            )
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - {\"test\":1}!")
+    );
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async3() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with3(
+                |data: Json<Value>, p: Path<PParam>, _: Query<PParam>| {
+                    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .and_then(move |_| {
+                            Ok(format!("Welcome {} - {}!", p.username, data.0))
+                        })
+                        .responder()
+                },
+            )
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - {\"test\":1}!")
+    );
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async4() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route()
+                .with(|data: (Json<Value>, Path<PParam>, Query<PParam>)| {
+                    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .and_then(move |_| {
+                            Ok(format!(
+                                "Welcome {} - {}!",
+                                data.1.username,
+                                (data.0).0
+                            ))
+                        })
+                        .responder()
+                })
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - {\"test\":1}!")
+    );
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[cfg(actix_impl_trait)]
+fn test_impl_trait(
+    data: (Json<Value>, Path<PParam>, Query<PParam>),
+) -> impl Future<Item = String, Error = io::Error> {
+    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+        .unwrap()
+        .and_then(move |_| {
+            Ok(format!(
+                "Welcome {} - {}!",
+                data.1.username,
+                (data.0).0
+            ))
+        })
+}
+
+#[cfg(actix_impl_trait)]
+fn test_impl_trait_err(
+    _data: (Json<Value>, Path<PParam>, Query<PParam>),
+) -> impl Future<Item = String, Error = io::Error> {
+    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+        .unwrap()
+        .and_then(move |_| Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "other")))
+}
+
+#[cfg(actix_impl_trait)]
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async4_impl_trait() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with_async(test_impl_trait)
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"Welcome test1 - {\"test\":1}!")
+    );
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+}
+
+#[cfg(actix_impl_trait)]
+#[test]
+fn test_path_and_query_extractor2_async4_impl_trait_err() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/{username}/index.html", |r| {
+            r.route().with_async(test_impl_trait_err)
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.post()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test1/index.html?username=test2"))
+        .header("content-type", "application/json")
+        .body("{\"test\": 1}")
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_non_ascii_route() {
     let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
@@ -148,3 +473,27 @@ fn test_non_ascii_route() {
     let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"success"));
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unsafe_path_route() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| {
+        app.resource("/test/{url}", |r| {
+            r.f(|r| format!("success: {}", &r.match_info()["url"]))
+        });
+    });
+
+    // client request
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/test/http%3A%2F%2Fexample.com"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    // read response
+    let bytes = srv.execute(response.body()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        bytes,
+        Bytes::from_static(b"success: http:%2F%2Fexample.com")
+    );
+}

tests/test_middleware.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+extern crate actix;
+extern crate actix_web;
+extern crate futures;
+extern crate tokio_core;
+
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+use actix::*;
+use actix_web::*;
+use futures::{future, Future};
+use tokio_core::reactor::Timeout;
+
+struct MiddlewareTest {
+    start: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    response: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    finish: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+}
+
+impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareTest {
+    fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started> {
+        self.start.store(
+            self.start.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
+            Ordering::Relaxed,
+        );
+        Ok(middleware::Started::Done)
+    }
+
+    fn response(
+        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
+    ) -> Result<middleware::Response> {
+        self.response.store(
+            self.response.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
+            Ordering::Relaxed,
+        );
+        Ok(middleware::Response::Done(resp))
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, _: &HttpResponse) -> middleware::Finished {
+        self.finish.store(
+            self.finish.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
+            Ordering::Relaxed,
+        );
+        middleware::Finished::Done
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        }).handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        }).middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+                start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+            })
+            .handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        }).handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        }).middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+                start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+            })
+            .handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware_async_handler() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new()
+            .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+            })
+            .resource("/", |r| {
+                r.route().a(|_| {
+                    Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                        .unwrap()
+                        .and_then(|_| Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                })
+            })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware_async_handler() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw = MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().resource("/test", |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw);
+            r.route().a(|_| {
+                Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .and_then(|_| Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()))
+            })
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware_async_handler() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| {
+                    r.route().a(|_| {
+                        Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle())
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .and_then(|_| Ok(HttpResponse::Ok()))
+                    })
+                })
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+fn index_test_middleware_async_error(_: HttpRequest) -> FutureResponse<HttpResponse> {
+    future::result(Err(error::ErrorBadRequest("TEST"))).responder()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_middleware_async_error() {
+    let req = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let resp = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let fin = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_req = Arc::clone(&req);
+    let act_resp = Arc::clone(&resp);
+    let act_fin = Arc::clone(&fin);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_req),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_resp),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_fin),
+        }).handler(index_test_middleware_async_error)
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), http::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+
+    assert_eq!(req.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(resp.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(fin.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_scope_middleware_async_error() {
+    let req = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let resp = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let fin = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_req = Arc::clone(&req);
+    let act_resp = Arc::clone(&resp);
+    let act_fin = Arc::clone(&fin);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_req),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_resp),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_fin),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(index_test_middleware_async_error))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), http::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+
+    assert_eq!(req.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(resp.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(fin.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_resource_middleware_async_error() {
+    let req = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let resp = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let fin = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_req = Arc::clone(&req);
+    let act_resp = Arc::clone(&resp);
+    let act_fin = Arc::clone(&fin);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw = MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_req),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_resp),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_fin),
+        };
+
+        App::new().resource("/test", move |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw);
+            r.h(index_test_middleware_async_error);
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(response.status(), http::StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+
+    assert_eq!(req.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(resp.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(fin.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+struct MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+    start: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    response: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+    finish: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
+}
+
+impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+    fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started> {
+        let to = Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle()).unwrap();
+
+        let start = Arc::clone(&self.start);
+        Ok(middleware::Started::Future(Box::new(
+            to.from_err().and_then(move |_| {
+                start.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                Ok(None)
+            }),
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn response(
+        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse,
+    ) -> Result<middleware::Response> {
+        let to = Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle()).unwrap();
+
+        let response = Arc::clone(&self.response);
+        Ok(middleware::Response::Future(Box::new(
+            to.from_err().and_then(move |_| {
+                response.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                Ok(resp)
+            }),
+        )))
+    }
+
+    fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, _: &HttpResponse) -> middleware::Finished {
+        let to = Timeout::new(Duration::from_millis(10), &Arbiter::handle()).unwrap();
+
+        let finish = Arc::clone(&self.finish);
+        middleware::Finished::Future(Box::new(to.from_err().and_then(move |_| {
+            finish.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            Ok(())
+        })))
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
+        app.middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        }).handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new()
+            .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+            })
+            .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+            })
+            .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_scope_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_scope_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        App::new().scope("/scope", |scope| {
+            scope
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .middleware(MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+                    start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+                    response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+                    finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+                })
+                .resource("/test", |r| r.f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok()))
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get()
+        .uri(srv.url("/scope/test"))
+        .finish()
+        .unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(20));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_resource_middleware() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw = MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().resource("/test", move |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw);
+            r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(40));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_async_resource_middleware_multiple() {
+    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+
+    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
+    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
+    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
+
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::with_factory(move || {
+        let mw1 = MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        let mw2 = MiddlewareAsyncTest {
+            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
+            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
+            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
+        };
+        App::new().resource("/test", move |r| {
+            r.middleware(mw1);
+            r.middleware(mw2);
+            r.h(|_| HttpResponse::Ok());
+        })
+    });
+
+    let request = srv.get().uri(srv.url("/test")).finish().unwrap();
+    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
+    assert!(response.status().is_success());
+
+    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+
+    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(40));
+    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 2);
+}

tests/test_server.rs

@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@ extern crate brotli2;
 #[cfg(feature = "brotli")]
 use brotli2::write::{BrotliDecoder, BrotliEncoder};
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use flate2::Compression;
 use flate2::read::GzDecoder;
 use flate2::write::{DeflateDecoder, DeflateEncoder, GzEncoder};
+use flate2::Compression;
 use futures::stream::once;
 use futures::{Future, Stream};
 use h2::client as h2client;
 use modhttp::Request;
 use rand::Rng;
 use std::io::{Read, Write};
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::{mpsc, Arc};
 use std::{net, thread, time};
 use tokio_core::net::TcpStream;
@@ -62,11 +61,9 @@ fn test_start() {
     thread::spawn(move || {
         let sys = System::new("test");
         let srv = server::new(|| {
-            vec![
-                App::new().resource("/", |r| {
-                    r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-                }),
-            ]
+            vec![App::new().resource("/", |r| {
+                r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+            })]
         });
 
         let srv = srv.bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -113,11 +110,9 @@ fn test_shutdown() {
     thread::spawn(move || {
         let sys = System::new("test");
         let srv = server::new(|| {
-            vec![
-                App::new().resource("/", |r| {
-                    r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-                }),
-            ]
+            vec![App::new().resource("/", |r| {
+                r.method(http::Method::GET).f(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
+            })]
         });
 
         let srv = srv.bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
@@ -814,7 +809,7 @@ fn test_h2() {
             })
         });
     let _res = core.run(tcp);
-    // assert_eq!(res.unwrap(), Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref()));
+    // assert_eq!(_res.unwrap(), Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref()));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -827,91 +822,3 @@ fn test_application() {
     let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 }
-
-struct MiddlewareTest {
-    start: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-    response: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-    finish: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
-}
-
-impl<S> middleware::Middleware<S> for MiddlewareTest {
-    fn start(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>) -> Result<middleware::Started> {
-        self.start.store(
-            self.start.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
-        Ok(middleware::Started::Done)
-    }
-
-    fn response(
-        &self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, resp: HttpResponse
-    ) -> Result<middleware::Response> {
-        self.response.store(
-            self.response.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
-        Ok(middleware::Response::Done(resp))
-    }
-
-    fn finish(&self, _: &mut HttpRequest<S>, _: &HttpResponse) -> middleware::Finished {
-        self.finish.store(
-            self.finish.load(Ordering::Relaxed) + 1,
-            Ordering::Relaxed,
-        );
-        middleware::Finished::Done
-    }
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_middlewares() {
-    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-
-    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
-    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
-    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
-
-    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
-        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
-            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
-            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
-            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
-        }).handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-    });
-
-    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
-    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
-    assert!(response.status().is_success());
-
-    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-    assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-}
-
-#[test]
-fn test_resource_middlewares() {
-    let num1 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let num2 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-    let num3 = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
-
-    let act_num1 = Arc::clone(&num1);
-    let act_num2 = Arc::clone(&num2);
-    let act_num3 = Arc::clone(&num3);
-
-    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(move |app| {
-        app.middleware(MiddlewareTest {
-            start: Arc::clone(&act_num1),
-            response: Arc::clone(&act_num2),
-            finish: Arc::clone(&act_num3),
-        }).handler(|_| HttpResponse::Ok())
-    });
-
-    let request = srv.get().finish().unwrap();
-    let response = srv.execute(request.send()).unwrap();
-    assert!(response.status().is_success());
-
-    assert_eq!(num1.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-    assert_eq!(num2.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-    // assert_eq!(num3.load(Ordering::Relaxed), 1);
-}

tests/test_ws.rs

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl StreamHandler<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError> for Ws {
             ws::Message::Ping(msg) => ctx.pong(&msg),
             ws::Message::Text(text) => ctx.text(text),
             ws::Message::Binary(bin) => ctx.binary(bin),
-            ws::Message::Close(reason) => ctx.close(reason, ""),
+            ws::Message::Close(reason) => ctx.close(reason),
             _ => (),
         }
     }
@@ -55,9 +55,34 @@ fn test_simple() {
     let (item, reader) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Pong("ping".to_owned())));
 
-    writer.close(ws::CloseCode::Normal, "");
+    writer.close(Some(ws::CloseCode::Normal.into()));
     let (item, _) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Close(ws::CloseCode::Normal)));
+    assert_eq!(
+        item,
+        Some(ws::Message::Close(Some(ws::CloseCode::Normal.into())))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_close_code() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| app.handler(|req| ws::start(req, Ws)));
+    let (reader, mut writer) = srv.ws().unwrap();
+
+    writer.close(None);
+    let (item, _) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Close(None)));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_close_description() {
+    let mut srv = test::TestServer::new(|app| app.handler(|req| ws::start(req, Ws)));
+    let (reader, mut writer) = srv.ws().unwrap();
+
+    let close_reason: ws::CloseReason =
+        (ws::CloseCode::Normal, "close description").into();
+    writer.close(Some(close_reason.clone()));
+    let (item, _) = srv.execute(reader.into_future()).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(item, Some(ws::Message::Close(Some(close_reason))));
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -137,7 +162,7 @@ impl StreamHandler<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError> for Ws2 {
             ws::Message::Ping(msg) => ctx.pong(&msg),
             ws::Message::Text(text) => ctx.text(text),
             ws::Message::Binary(bin) => ctx.binary(bin),
-            ws::Message::Close(reason) => ctx.close(reason, ""),
+            ws::Message::Close(reason) => ctx.close(reason),
             _ => (),
         }
     }

tools/wsload/src/wsclient.rs

@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ extern crate url;
 
 use futures::Future;
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
-use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use actix::prelude::*;
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ impl StreamHandler<ws::Message, ws::ProtocolError> for ChatClient {
                         ctx.stop();
                     }
                 } else {
-                    println!("not eaqual");
+                    println!("not equal");
                 }
             }
             _ => (),